scholarly journals Syntactics, Cognition and Compositional Semantics

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 714-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Ju. Norman
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Compositional Semantics ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Word Combination ◽  
Text Memory ◽  
Special Direction ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

The object of the article is word semantics and its realization in the immediate context. The goal and the innovative component of the study is the analysis of the problem in the light of cognitive linguistics. We proceed from the assumption that the lexical meaning of a word contains a component responsible for its entry into the text. This component involves searching for lexical partners of the word in the syntagmatic chain. The semes participating in this process are actualized - they must get into the bright field of con-sciousness. The classical manifestation of this connection is the soalled semantic agreement ( собака лает ‘a dog barks’, бурый медведь ‘a brown bear’, волосы дыбом ‘hair (stands) on end’, etc.). We use examples from Russian literature to demonstrate that when a non-typical (non-standard) word combination is formed, the concepts get intersected (mixed). The examples, such as самопишущий костюм ‘a self-writing suit’ or жаркая робость ‘hot timidity’, expand a person’s cognitive horizons making the individual accustomed to a different (virtual) reality. The background and guarantor of this combinatorial process is the so-called “common sense” based on the native speaker’s previous experience. The result of the study is the presentation of five special situations manifesting the relationship between the word and its text partners: polysemantic words, phraseological units, introduced (embedded) meanings, additional connotations and a surprise effect. The author provides examples of the pressure (influence) of text memory on the speaker when selecting a necessary word and considers the idea of the predicative nature of the compatibility of lexemes. The article justifies the emergence of compositional semantics as a special direction in modern linguistics and demonstrates some of its results (based on the Russian language).

Typology and the future of Cognitive Linguistics

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Croft
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Historical Linguistics ◽  
Linguistic Variation ◽  
Theory Of Language ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Individual Speaker

AbstractThe relationship between typology and Cognitive Linguistics was first posed in the 1980s, in terms of the relationship between Greenbergian universals and the knowledge of the individual speaker. An answer to this question emerges from understanding the role of linguistic variation in language, from occasions of language use to typological diversity. This in turn requires the contribution of discourse analysis, sociolinguistics, and evolutionary historical linguistics as well as typology and Cognitive Linguistics. While Cognitive Linguistics is part of this enterprise, a theory of language that integrates all of these approaches is necessary.

Memory at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY)

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-287
Author(s):  
Kristen Perrin
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
International Criminal ◽  
International Criminal Tribunal ◽  
International Criminal Tribunals ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Narrative Control ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Scrutiny of the legal elements of international criminal tribunals such as the ICTY are frequent and important, but this article suggests that new avenues need to be taken in order to truly understand what is taking place within the courtroom sociologically. Embedded within courtroom interactions are symbolic exchanges that can stand as both reflections of and implications for the success or failure of transitional justice as a tool to promote community understanding post-conflict. Using a mixture of social psychology and cognitive linguistics, this article examines the significance of in-court references to memory, theorising that the concepts of remembering and forgetting as discussed in transcripts reveal greater struggles between the witnesses and the court over narrative control. This ultimately raises questions about the nature of the relationship between international legal bodies and the individual victim-witness, and demonstrates that there are failings occurring here that could make processes of reconciliation and community healing more difficult.

scholarly journals Constructing a Second Language

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 277-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Dąbrowska
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Special Section ◽  
First Language ◽  
Linguistic Knowledge ◽  
Transfer Of Knowledge ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
L1 Acquisition ◽  
The Relationship

All the papers in this special section address issues central to cognitive linguistics research: usage-based models with their focus on frequency; multi-word units and the relationship between lexical and grammatical knowledge; and the nature of lexical meaning, especially construal or “thinking for speaking”. Cognitive Linguistics is thus clearly a useful paradigm for L2 research. The contributors also emphasise that many of the processes operating in L1 acquisition are relevant in L2A as well. In this paper, I discuss the opposite side of the coin: how cognitively-inspired L2 research can inform work on first language learning and theoretical linguistics, focussing in particular on three issues that have been extensively studied in an L2 context but neglected by the other language sciences: transfer of knowledge between constructions, the role of explicit learning, and individual differences in linguistic knowledge.

scholarly journals Musical Abilities and Intelligence as a Subject of Research in Music Psychology and Psychology of Music Education

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-45
Author(s):  
Tatiana S. Knyazeva
Keyword(s):  
Music Education ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
General Intelligence ◽  
Music Psychology ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Intellectual Potential ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Scientific Ideas

The article provides an overview of scientific research on the relationship of musicality and general intelligence. It is noted that the problem of the relationship between musicality, musical achievements and intelligence is interdisciplinary. It is significant for general and music psychology as well as for the theory and practice of music education. There is a shortage of empirical and theoretical works on this topic in the modern Russian-language scientific literature, and that is what determines the relevance of the overview presented. The article discusses the role of general intelligence in the formation of a musical professional and musical and educational achievements. There is a continuity in the development of scientific ideas and approaches from the beginning of the last century to modern research. Musical abilities are shown to be largely determined by the intellectual potential of the individual, which explains the association of musical abilities with academic performance and abilities in non-musical areas. Modern approaches view musicality as a polymorphic entity which is better described in terms of multidimensional musical behavior. The formation of a professional in the musical field makes the relationship between musicality and intelligence more complex; it begins to be mediated by a combination of factors, a significant place among which is shared intelligence.

scholarly journals Animal Elements on Japanese Kotowaza and the Implementation of Japanese Socio-Cultural Values: A Cognitive Linguistics Point of View

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-156
Author(s):  
Siti Mafrukha ◽  
Dian Bayu Firmansyah ◽  
Anggita Stovia
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Japanese Society ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Data Source ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

This study aims to describe the relationship between the lexical meaning and the idiomatic meaning contained in the Japanese kotowaza and to analyze the level of relevance of each kotowaza to the application of socio-cultural values in Japanese society. This type of research is qualitative descriptive research to describe the meaning of kotowaza through cognitive linguistic studies and conceptual metaphor theory. The data source is a Japanese novel contained in Aozora Bunka. This study found that the animal elements contained in the kotowaza are a conceptualization of attitudes, actions, judgments, circumstances, and feelings. In addition, the city also reflects socio-cultural values that are very relevant to the culture of Japanese society, such as the culture of working hard, being responsible, and being focused and conscientious.

scholarly journals NOMINATIVE STATUS OF THE NAMES OF HOMEMADE ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAG

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Prystaiko ◽  
Natalya Diachok
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Modern Theory ◽  
Semantic Group ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Word Combination ◽  
Clear Differentiation ◽  
The One

Background. A problem of linguistic and speech nomination is still rather topical being not completely solved in terms of the theory of modern linguistic. That is confirmed by numerous opinions of linguists concerning the one-word nominations that can replace a word combination. Those words form certain thematic and lexico-semantic groups which partially represent a cultural fund of native speakers of some specific language. One of such lexico-semantic groups includes the names of beverages. Analysis of each unit, belonging to the corresponding group and being the reflection of everyday life and culture of the nation, is the basis to understand peculiar national mentality represented by the speech. Those lexical elements were studied from the viewpoint of lexicology, word formation, pragmatics, and, rather rarely, from the viewpoint of modern theory of nomination and clear differentiation of lexical transformations and modifications; that defines the topicality of our research.Purpose of the research is to determine the nominative status of the lexemes denoting homemade alcoholic beverages in the Russian-language discourse.Methods. A continuous sampling method has been applied to accumulate the actual material. A methodology of distributive analysis has helped differentiate the concepts. Etymological analysis has become the key to identify real origin and genetic status of a particular univerb.Results. We consider that a univerb is a word which is identical semantically and grammatically to a certain word combination, differing stylistically from the equivalent word combination but being the modification, doublets of one nominathemes. That is why univerbation differs considerably from the word formation in its traditional sense. It is no doubt that the wordforming relations are always motivated. However, motivations can be different; consequently, not all the motivating relations can be considered as the word-forming ones. Motivation is considered as the semantic stipulation of the meaning of formative and derivative words by the meanings of their components. In terms of the word-forming act, some units are the source of motivation; others, being the results of that act, are motivated. Thus, if during the origin of a new word, its lexical meaning (taking into account its etymological cognation) differs from the formative meaning, then we observe the external motivation. If lexical meanings of the formative and derivative units are identical, then we can see the internal motivation. Though, formation of that sample involves the means being homonymic to the word-forming ones. Univerbation is opposed to quasiuniverbation, i.e. formation of univerbs by analogy. However, one should differentiate between quasiuniverbation and mechanism of analogy, accompanying the phenomenon of univerbation. Relying on the criteria of the determination of univerbation and quasiuniverbation, we propose two-component classification of the units under study.Discussion. The analyzed units are univerbs – synthetic implementation of the nominathemes like “word combination – elliptic univerb”; we attribute them to the ones belonging to the univerbs or quasiuniverbs depending on the ways and chronology of their origin in speech and language. They form the lexico-semantic field “Names of inanimate objects”, thematic group “Food”, lexico-semantic group “Beverages”, subgroup “Homemade alcoholic beverages”. That lexico-semantic group contains some more subgroups like “Alcoholic beverages”, “Refreshing beverages”, “Hot beverages” etc. Prospects for further studies of that group of words are in its analysis from the viewpoint of the derivative potential in both Russian and other Slavic languages.

scholarly journals PRINCIPLES OF COMPLINING OF DICTIONARY OF UNIVERBS (on the material of the game glossary)

2019 ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
Natalia Diachok ◽  
Artem Oblap
Keyword(s):  
Practical Implication ◽  
Lexical Entry ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Word Combination ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
The Russian Language

The paper is a practice to compile one of the parts of a dictionary of univerbs of the Russian language. Univerbal segment of lexicon of gamers, being cybergame players of Dota2, has determined object of the study.  Subject of the study is declaring principles for lexicographic description of slangism univerbs. More and more active occurrence and functioning of univerbs in the context of different Russian-speaking slangism systems have stipulated the necessity to determine criteria to form lexical entry of each of the units under study. Objective of the study is to identify principles to form lexical entry of neological univerbs, to define its structure, and to generalize such basic characteristics of the units as unique and universal. Structural, descriptive, comparative, classificatory, and resumptive methods have been applied. Practical implication of the results may be used while studying neology of the Russian language. Conclusions. We believe that lexicographic description is the logic and required stage following the analytic studies of the units. They should be included in the corresponding dictionary type as a part of clearly structurized lexical entry demonstrating each unique and universal peculiarity of the units. Lexicographic description of univerbs relies upon a strict structure of lexical entry involving following structural elements: 1) univerb: а) ability to very, generic assignment, b) part-of-speech assignment, c) stylistic assignment; 2) its alternative word combination; 3) model of the word combination; 4) model of the univerb; 5) onomasiologic model where marker of onomasiologic basis coincides with the naming unit of lexical-semantic group; 6) lexical meaning of a univerb, being essentially more explanatory interpretation of alternative word combination; 7) univerbal type in terms of its origin; 8) qualification of a process of the univerb origination (according to a type, determined in p. 7); and 9) context of functioning of the univerb as well as identical word combination.

scholarly journals Komparatif Makna Idiom ‘Ki’ dengan Idiom dalam Bahasa Indonesia ‘Hati’ Ditinjau dari Makna Leksikal – Kajian Linguistik Kognitif-

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-109
Author(s):  
Dany Buyung Yudha Prasetya
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Japanese Language ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Matching Techniques ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Idiomatic Meaning ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

This study trying to describe the relationship between lexical meaning and the idiomatical meaning of ‘ki’ in the Japanese language idioms  and ‘hati’in Indonesian language Idiom by using perspective of cognitive linguistic. This study classified as a basic research category, because this research was conducted to find new theories about how idioms get to motivated from the relationship between lexical meaning and idiomatic meaning in the cognitive linguistics point of view, finds differences and similarities between Japanese and Indonesian idioms. Then contrasted the idioms using the matching techniques of linguistics. From the analysis result, it can be seen that there are idioms from both languages that have different lexical meanings, but have similar idiomatic meanings. That happens because there are similarities between the point of view in looking at the ki and hati, even though there are cultural differences. It was also found that between ki idioms and hati, ki idioms have a more variants, in one category of idioms which has the same idiomatic meaning than hati idioms. Then from both ki idioms and hati idioms, some idioms show an extension of idiomatic meanings that are more broader than the basic idiomatic meanings, where it shows the emergence of polysemic meanings of some ki idioms and hati idioms.

Repasando a Joseba Lakarra: Observaciones sobre algunas etimologías en euskera a partir de un acercamiento más cognitivo

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roslyn M Frank
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Complex Adaptive System ◽  
Theoretical Orientation ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cultural Linguistics

<p>Abstract: Over the past decade the Basque philologist Joseba Lakarra has published a series of articles in which he puts forward his reconstruction of an entity he calls Pre-Proto-Basque, whose exact referential time frame is still quite unclear. In these articles a large number of new etymologies are introduced along with a particular kind of methodology and theoretical basis for investigating them. While the material published by Lakarra is readily available on the web, there has been little critical discussion of its merits. The present study is an attempt to remedy this situation and at the same time to bring into focus the value of applying a more principled approach to the Basque data, one that derives it methodological and theoretical orientation from the field of cognitive linguistics, and more concretely from the emerging subfield of cultural linguistics, also known as ethnolinguistics. In a broad sense, the term cultural linguistics refers to linguistic research that explores the relationship between language and culture, bringing the sociocultural embedding and entrenchment of language into view and consequently charting the interactions of speakers of the language with their ever changing environment, the latter understood in the amplest sense of the term. Thus, cultural linguistics has a diachronic dimension as it attempts to understand language as a subsystem of culture and to examine how various language features reflect and embody culture over time. ‘Culture’ here is meant in the anthropological sense; that is, as a system of collective beliefs, worldviews, customs, traditions, social practices, as well as the values and norms shared by the members of the cultural group. Until very recently, there has been a dearth of research on the Basque language and culture that embraces the methodological and theoretical premises of the field of cognitive linguistics and the related sub-discipline of cultural linguistics. Outstanding exceptions have been the investigations carried out by Iraide Ibarretxe Antuñano (1). In short, very little research has been done on Euskera which takes into consideration the fact that the relationship between language and culture has significant implications for diachronic studies of the language: that language is a not only a system firmly grounded in culture, it is a macro-level system that through the individual choices of its agents at the micro-level, changes across time, dynamically. It functions therefore as a complex adaptive system (CAS) (2). This article is the first in a series. </p>

Accent Policy and Accent Modification Enterprises as Potential Indicators of Intercultural Power Relations: A Call for an Updated Research Agenda

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brynne D. Ovalle ◽  
Rahul Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Cultural Organization ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This article has two purposes: (a) to examine the relationship between intercultural power relations and the widespread practice of accent discrimination and (b) to underscore the ramifications of accent discrimination both for the individual and for global society as a whole. First, authors review social theory regarding language and group identity construction, and then go on to integrate more current studies linking accent bias to sociocultural variables. Authors discuss three examples of intercultural accent discrimination in order to illustrate how this link manifests itself in the broader context of international relations (i.e., how accent discrimination is generated in situations of unequal power) and, using a review of current research, assess the consequences of accent discrimination for the individual. Finally, the article highlights the impact that linguistic discrimination is having on linguistic diversity globally, partially using data from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and partially by offering a potential context for interpreting the emergence of practices that seek to reduce or modify speaker accents.

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