scholarly journals A Study of the Scientist’s Image in the Context of S. Moscovici’s Theory of Social Representations

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 402-421
Author(s):  
Elena A. Volodarskaya

The article describes the scientific and social aspects of the functioning of the scientific school created by S. Mosсoviсi, revealing various forms of this association: a research team, a scientific direction, an invisible college. The authors focus on the possibility of studying social representations through the inclusion of new analytical methods in the diagnostic toolkit, in particular, iconographic documents and images of a social object, which indicates the current stage of the functioning of S. Mosсoviсis scientific school. The formation of social representations not only through verbal associations but also through drawings is explored by the authors through the example of how adolescents develop their social representations of a scientist. The purpose of this study is to highlight the categorical features of the image of a scientist in modern Russian adolescents, identified using the DAST drawing technique. The hypothesis of the research is the assumption that the system of social representations of a scientist among Russian adolescents contains both stable indicators of a persons belonging to the professional scientific community and variable contextual elements of the scientists image, whereas the degree of expression and the ratio of stable and contextual elements reflect the characteristics of the scientists image in domestic respondents. The Draw-A-Scientist Test (DAST) technique was used as the main diagnostic tool aimed at identifying adolescent representations of a scientist based on iconographic associations.The obtained drawings were analyzed by the expert evaluation method, involving the procedures of correlation and factor analysis. The results of the study show that Russian adolescents generally have a stereotypical representation of a scientist associated with the use of general indicators of external appearance, which determine the professional affiliation of the character depicted. Differences were found in the frequency of using stable and contextual iconographic elements of drawings. It has been shown that it is possible to use the drawing technique as a diagnostic tool for identifying social representations of a scientist based on an analysis of the meaning of an object through its iconographic fixation.

Author(s):  
Vladislav N. Slepnev ◽  
◽  
Alexander F. Maksimenko ◽  
Elena V. Glebova ◽  
Alla Т. Volokhina ◽  
...  

The choice of risk assessment procedure is one of the essential stages of efficient structuring of processes on prevention, localization and elimination of the consequences of accidents at main pipeline transport facilities. The authors analyzed themed publications and regulatory documents, governing procedures of risk assessment and forecasting of the consequences of possible accidents, and defined main problems in this area. Procedure for the risk assessment of accidents at main pipeline facilities was developed, the basis of which is the expert evaluation method. The procedure includes the determination of the main criteria for the assessment the probability of accident initiation and development and the evaluation of the severity of its consequences, an expert evaluation of criteria significance, their classification, and creation of a rating for hazardous pipeline sections. The application of the procedure application allows to specify the list of facilities that require high priority forecasting of accidents consequences, thus to optimize the distribution of resources and the overall increase of efficiency in planning while defining forces and special technical devices, necessary for containment and rectification of emergencies. Expert evaluation method application allows considering the specifics of certain enterprises, their technical and technological peculiarities, thereby increasing forecasting accuracy.


Author(s):  
Микола Саврасов ◽  
Костянтин Кисельов

Aim. The purpose of the study is to establish theoretical prerequisites, identify, describe and interpret the basic psychological patterns of the dynamics of figurative creativity of future teachers of the humanities both during his/ her training in the educational environment of modern pedagogical universities and at certain stages of the didactic process. Material and methods. As the methods and tools of empirical research, the author uses the procedure of analysis of the degree of statistical validity of the differences of average values of the selected empirical indicators (t-Student's criterion), the test of figurative creativity by E.P. Torrens (modified by O.E.Tunik), a survey method, an interview method, and an expert evaluation method. The respondents were first, third, and fifth-year students specialized in «Ukrainian language and literature», «English (German) language and literature», «Ukrainian country studying» with a total of 156 people aged 18 to 30 years. The empirical basis of the study was the Faculty of Philology of the State Higher Educational Institution «Donbas State Pedagogical University». Results. It is obvious that throughout the process of growing up and gaining experience in educational and professional activities, the main specific characteristics of the creative figurative act for the representatives of the natural profile of professional training are the speed of emergence and development of creative ideas, the degree of deviation from existing prototypes, the desire to avoid a possible return to them or their modification and efforts to complete and properly design their creative product. At the same time, at the background of the previously mentioned characteristics, the dynamics of the indicator of the abstractness of the name of figurative creativity gradually recedes into the background. It means that in the process of micro-age formation of figurative creativity of the humanitarian profile subject of educational and professional activity the subject’s deep essence, not its nominal side, the outer cover, which consists in the peculiarities of verbalization of this creative process, the peculiarities of self-presentation and the presentation of the final creative product are formed. Conclusions. If we summarize the dynamics of figurative creativity of a humanitarian profile student in general, then we can depict: 1) impressive are the positive changes in this area at the end of the study, on the verge of study and professional activity, which in fact can cause such a rapid and bright dynamics; 2) particular interest is in the dynamics of creativity of humanitarian profile students at the level of such nuclear characteristics of figurative creativity as the dynamics of the creative idea, the degree of its difference from stereotypes and resistance to their emergence and motivated ability to finalize the creative product. In the future, we see promising research on the dynamics of figurative creativity of students of natural, cultural, and artistic profile and a comparative study of the dynamics of figurative creativity on the indicator of the profile of professional training in higher pedagogical education.


2011 ◽  
Vol 287-290 ◽  
pp. 3036-3042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Ming Yang ◽  
Wen Bin Jia

Safety evaluation index is a fundamental and key element in composing hydraulic metal structure healthy diagnostic model, however,the determination of weighting of Indexes is closely related to the reasonability and reliability of the whole evaluation result.Based on the safety level, importance and expertise of the main factors on hydraulic metal structure,we also combine integration of AHP method of nine marks and expert evaluation method to determine the weight coefficient of each index, the comprehensive health diagnosis of gates and hoists based on AHP method are first constructed in line with scientific and rational principles .And we use the model to achieve the specific project safety evaluation of hydraulic metal structures, also comparing it with the traditional comparative analysis, proving the comprehensive health diagnosis based on AHP model to be a more scientific, reasonable and reliable one.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
Yuliia Volodymyrivna Kopochynska ◽  

The purpose of the study is to develop a model for the formation of professional reflection of future specialists in physical therapy, ergotherapy and to study the impact of its implementation in the process of professional training. Based on the theoretical analysis of the scientific literature, we have developed a model for the formation of professional reflection of future specialists in physical therapy and ergotherapy. The model developed is based on a reflexive approach, which assumes that a person has the capacity to take an active research position in relation to his activity and to himself as his subject, in order to critically analyze, understand and evaluate its effectiveness for its development. The approach to reflective activity allows us to consider reflection as a mechanism for the development and implementation of activity, in turn, activity is the object of reflection. The essence of this approach is most consistent with the understanding of the professional reflection of specialists in physical therapy, ergotherapy as an integral part of professional activity, which led to the development of a program of work with students on its basis. Psychological methods, a specially designed questionnaire and an expert evaluation method were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the model. Formation of professional reflection of future specialists in physical therapy, ergotherapy is presented in the form of three successive interrelated stages. The components of professional reflection of specialists in physical therapy and ergotherapy are covered. We used the methods of diagnostics of reflexivity and examination twice, before the beginning of the experimental work and after its completion. The analysis of the experimental work showed that the students of the experimental group significantly increased the level of formation of each of the components of professional reflection of specialists in physical therapy and ergotherapy. The results of the study make it possible to outline a number of unresolved problems, the development of which is dictated by the needs of the theory and practice of the entire education system. According to the results of the study, the introduction of the developed model in the process of professional training of future specialists in physical therapy and ergotherapy will contribute to the formation of professional reflection.


2019 ◽  
Vol 970 ◽  
pp. 24-34
Author(s):  
Yuliya Anishchenko ◽  
Anna N. Vtorushina ◽  
Vasilisa Gorshkova

Welding is the basic process of metal working and metal structural repair in mechanical engineering and other industrial settings. However, welding is considered to be potentially hazardous work. Welding can be a source of injury causing eye damage, body burns, mechanical injuries and poisoning. The present paper identified the possible causes of burns by the Causal tree method. The probability of initial events, leading to burn, was estimated by the expert evaluation method. The severity of the injury consequences for welder's health was assessed. The severity of the consequences was defined as the financial loss of a company depending on the damage to worker's health during the welding work performance. The risk of burn of various severities was estimated and measures for its reduction were offered. The estimation of efficiency for the offered safety measures was carried out based on the cost for their implementation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Jie Du

As the economy grows rapidly and IoT technology advances rapidly, the logistics industry as a service industry is growing rapidly around the world. The logistics industry, meanwhile, is the one that can best play the role of IoT. The rapid development of the logistics industry has brought great competition challenges to the logistics industry. To solve the competitive problems of the logistics industry cluster, this article introduces the research on the upgrade path and strategy of the logistics industry cluster based on the Internet of Things and uses the analytic hierarchy process, investigation method, and expert evaluation method to build the IoT technology information model and logistics cost. According to the established optimization model, the following are proposed: analyzing the problems existing in the logistics industry cluster, giving an upgrade path from the four aspects of manufacturing, technology, structure, and service, and giving specific strategic suggestions from the aspects of talents and enterprises. The accuracy rate of current analysis is as high as 90%, and the implementation rate of upgrade paths and strategy recommendations is as high as 95%.


2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Waldma Maíra Menezes de Oliveira ◽  
Ivanilde Apoluceno de Oliveira

Apresenta um recorte da dissertação intitulada “Representações Sociais de educandos surdos sobre a atuação do Intérprete Educacional no Ensino Superior”, queobjetiva analisar as representações sociais de educandos surdos sobre o Intérprete Educacional, buscando identificar as implicações destas representações na aprendizagem e no processo de inclusão educacional dos educandos surdos. Os objetivos específicos são: investigar as imagens e os sentidos atribuídos pelos alunos surdos ao Intérprete de Língua de Sinais, na prática educacional; e identificar como as Representações Sociais sobre os Intérpretes, por parte dos educandos surdos, interferem no processo de sua aprendizagem educacional. Os sujeitos da pesquisa são dez educandos surdos que partilharam suas representações sobre atuação do Intérprete Educacional no nível superior A investigação apresenta enfoque qualitativo, com o uso, nos seus procedimentos, de um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada e da técnica do desenho. A abordagem no campo das Representações Sociais é a processual, de Moscovici (2009), por tratar sobre a gênese das Representações Sociais, analisando os processos de sua formação, a partir da historicidade e do contexto de produção, formando, assim, dois processos de representações: a objetivação e a ancoragem, que têm uma relação dialética entre si. De acordo com os resultados das representações sociais dos educandos surdos, o Intérprete Educacional é peça fundamental na construção da inclusão, haja vista que, sem ele, esses educandos ficam isolados, sem informação e sem aprendizagem. Desse modo, a esse profissional é atribuída a responsabilidade de educar, interpretar e orientar o surdo no contexto do ensino superior.IMAGES AND MEANINGS OF THE EDUCATIONAL INTERPRETER BY DEAF LEARNERS IN HIGHER EDUCATIONAbstractI present a section of the dissertation titled “Social Representations of deaf students on the performance of the Educational Interpreter in Higher Education”. This paper main goal is to analyze the social representations by deaf learners on the educational interpreter, seeking to identify the implications of these representations for their learning and inclusion process. The specific objectives are: to investigate the images and meanings attributed by deaf students to the Sign Language Interpreter and to identify how the social representations interfere in their learning. The research participants are ten deaf students who shared their views on the Educational Interpreter’s performance at the higher education. The research presents a qualitative approach, with the use, in its procedures, of a semi-structured interview and drawing technique. This paper is based on the work of Moscovici (2009), which deals with the genesis of Social Representations. His theory analyses how they are constructed, considering the background and the production context and, thus, forming two processes of Representations: anchoring and objectification, which have a dialectical relationship between them and allow the creation of a figurative nucleus that presents itself with  a symbolic structure. The results show that the Educational Interpreter has a fundamental role in the inclusion, since without him the deaf learner becomes isolated, without access to information and without learning. Therefore, to this worker is assigned the responsibility of educating, interpreting and guiding the deaf person in the context of higher education.Keywords: Social Representations. Educational Interpreter. Deaf Learner.IMÁGENES Y SENTIDOS DE EDUCANDOS SORDOS SOBRE LA ACTUACIÓN DEL INTÉRPRETE EDUCACIONAL EN EDUCACIÓN SUPERIORResumenApresenta un recorte de la disertación titulada “Representaciones Sociales de los Estudiantes Sordos sobre la actuación del Interprete Educativo en la Educación Superior, que objetiva analizar las representaciones sociales de los educandos sordos sobre el intérprete educacional, buscando identificar las implicaciones de estas representaciones en el aprendizaje y proceso de inclusión educativo de los estudiantes sordos. Los objetivos específicos son: investigar las imágenes y los sentidos atribuidos por los alumnos sordos al Intérprete de Lenguaje de Señas en la práctica educacional e identificar como las Representaciones Sociales sobre los intérpretes, por parte de los estudiantes sordos, interfieren en el proceso de su aprendizaje educativo. Los sujetos de la investigación son 10 educandos sordos que compartieron sus representaciones sobre el trabajo del Interprete Educativo al nivel superior. La investigación presenta un enfoque cualitativo utilizando un plan de entrevistas semiestructuradas y una técnica de diseño. El enfoque utilizado en el campo de las Representaciones Sociales es el del proceso de Moscovici (2009), por tratar sobre el origen de las Representaciones Sociales, analizando los procesos de su formación, la cual considera la historicidad y el contexto de producción, formando así dos procesos de representaciones: la objetivación y el anclaje, que tienen una relación dialéctica entre sí. De acuerdo con los resultados de las representaciones sociales de los estudiantes sordos, el Intérprete Educativo es pieza fundamental en la construcción de la inclusión, ya que sin él, esos educandos quedan aislados, sin información y sin aprendizaje. De este modo, a este profesional le es atribuida la responsabilidad de educar, interpretar y orientar al sordo en el contexto de la enseñanza superior.Palabras claves: Representaciones Sociales. Intérprete educativo. Estudiante sordo.


2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-63
Author(s):  
Olga Hornostaieva ◽  
Hanna Kravchenko

The article characterizes the special features of the motor transport profile teaching engineers’ professional activity in vocational institutions (teacher of vocational training, master of vocational training), higher education institutions (engineering teacher) and in manufacturing. The purpose is to clarify the special aspects of motor transport profile teaching engineers’ professional training in higher education institutions of Ukraine. The following research methods are used observation, description through individual interviews, expert evaluation method and questionnaire. The results are the following. It is stated that engineering and pedagogical education involves the rational integration of psychological, pedagogical and engineering components of professional training. It is noted that the professional training of teaching engineers is aimed at the formation their professional engineering and professional pedagogical competencies. This integrated training includes two equivalent integrated components: engineering (technical and technological, manufacturing, special, industrial branch) and pedagogical (humanitarian and social). It is stated that successful professional activity of a teaching engineer of motor transport profile is connected with professional training in institutions of higher education and the content and organization of their self-education in the process of professional development. To ensure proper training of a teaching engineer for successful activities, it is necessary to keep a continuous connection between the engineering and technical awareness and pedagogical activities. Modern professional activity of a teaching engineer is characterized by their innovative activities, the specifics of them is caused by the peculiarities of professional-pedagogical education and conditions of engineering-pedagogical activities, which provide generation and transformation of new ideas into innovations and form the management system. The innovative activity of teaching engineer is the basis of creative approach to professional responsibilities. It is concluded that a teaching engineer of motor transport profile is a teacher with higher pedagogical and technical education, who performs educational-methodical, engineering-technical, scientific-innovative, communicative-psychological, organizational, managerial and legal activities.


2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Gamero ◽  
Vera Lúcia Lopes Cristovão

Resumo Com base na compreensão da educação continuada de professores de línguas como um espaço propício para a (re)construção contínua de saberes relacionados ao trabalho docente e para (res)significação de suas representações sociais, neste trabalho temos por objetivos analisar representações dos professores envolvidos em um curso de formação continuada sobre o uso de novas tecnologias no ensino de inglês na Educação Básica e investigar indícios de (re)constituição identitária presentes em textos escritos (relatos de experiência). Neste trabalho são analisados os elementos contextuais mais emergentes, o levantamento do conteúdo temático (BULEA, 2010) e alguns elementos linguísticos que se sobressaem nos dados (KERBRAT-ORECCHIONI, 1980; BRONCKART, 2009). Os resultados indicam as dificuldades dos professores em relação ao uso de ferramentas tecnológicas bem como as percepções desses participantes em relação à proposta de formação continuada e do impacto dessa formação em seu desenvolvimento profissional. Palavras-chave: Identidades. Representações. Educação de professores.   Abstract Continuing teacher education can be seen as a favorable space for teachers to (re)construct teaching-related knowledge and to (re)signify their social representations. Drawing from that, in this article, we aim to analyze teachers’ representations of new technologies during their engagement in a continuing education course for the teaching of English for basic education and to investigate traces of their identity (re)constitution present in written texts (experience reports). Hence, in this paper, we analyze the contextual elements, the themes (BULEA, 2010) and some linguistic elements emerging from the data (KERBRAT-ORECCHIONI, 1980; BRONCKART, 2009).  The results point at teachers’ difficulties to deal with technological tools as well as their perceptions upon the continuing education proposal and its impact in their professional development. Keywords: Identity. Representations. Teacher education.


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