scholarly journals Theory of “food regimes” as a model to explain the strategies of agrarian development (the ‘cases’ of Russia and Brazil)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-276
Author(s):  
P Niederle ◽  
A A Kurakin ◽  
A M Nikulin ◽  
S Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
Food Regime ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Food Regimes ◽  
Agrarian Economy ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
Agrarian Development ◽  
Global Food

The ‘food regime’ approach was introduced as a historical method of “incorporated comparison” (P. McMichael). This comparison of the role of agriculture in the world-system made some scholars overemphasize an excessively unitary and coherent global food regime. The authors recognize this approach as a historical-comparative analytical tool to understand global trends, but argue that the Russian and Brazilian agrarian development question some ideas of the food regime approach. The contemporary positions of two countries in the global markets also prove the divergences in their positioning in the food regime genealogy. The paper focuses on the production and export of soy and wheat which do not represent the entire agrarian economy of Brazil and Russia but allow to compare two countries’ strategies of the international trade and in domestic markets. First, the authors briefly discuss the historical routes Russia and Brazil have taken in the agricultural development and global food markets; then they analyze the radical changes that followed the Russian perestroika and the Brazilian re-democratization in the late 1980s and led to the consolidation of neoliberal policies in the 1990s. After that the paper describes the turn of both countries to the ‘neo-developmental state’ that supported the export-oriented policies for the agribusiness but combined them with domestic food security and sovereignty policies. Finally, the authors conclude that despite differing trajectories both Russia and Brazil cannot be considered parts of the neoliberal food regime due to the fact that the contemporary period should be rather defined as a paradigmatic crisis and a co-existence of two or more food regimes.

scholarly journals EPISTOLARY HERITAGE OF N.I. ILMINSKY AS A SOURCE ON THE HISTORY OF EDUCATING NON-RUSSIAN PEOPLES OF EASTERN RUSSIA (in the last third of the XIX century)

2021 ◽  
pp. 126-134
Author(s):  
Alevtina N. Pavlova
Keyword(s):  
Research Problem ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Historical Reconstruction ◽  
Native Languages ◽  
Genetic Method ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rich Material ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
Eastern Russia

The article is devoted to the analysis of epistolary sources on the history of educating non-Russian peoples of eastern Russia. The correspondence gives an opportunity to present the work of N.I. Ilminsky on education, methods of his activity, difficulties encountered along the way. The correspondence focuses on the development of Orthodox education among non-Russian peoples. The specific composition of letters is diverse. By correspondents, the sources are divided into the following groups: letters to senior statesmen, to figures of the Russian Orthodox Church, to local education figures. By the content, the correspondence is divided into groups of materials: about translation and publishing activities, about organizing the network of non-Russian schools, about training and appointment of teachers and priests, about introducing church worship in native languages. The letters significantly complement our understanding of N.I. Ilminsky’s personality and his educational activities. Currently, many scientists believe that it is necessary to conduct a deeper study and interpretation of historical events concerning educating the population of the country, including non-Russian peoples of the eastern part of Russia, taking into account their diversity. Epistolary sources provide rich material for historical reconstruction, their information potential is rich and diverse. The research methodology is based on historical methods: historical-genetic and historical-comparative. The historical-genetic method enables to trace the course of events in their chronological sequence, the dynamics of processes related to the history of educating non-Russian peoples of eastern Russia. The comparative historical method, which puts the fait accompli as the basis of all arguments and conclusions, was an important method in the historical reconstruction of educational process of the non-Russian peoples of the region under study on the basis of Orthodox education. A variety of epistolary sources made it possible to conduct a holistic historical reconstruction of the period under study in the history of education and to formulate analytical conclusions on the research problem. The author managed to analyze the collected material. The analysis performed gives the opportunity to make a conclusion about the diverse activities of N.I. Ilminsky on education.

scholarly journals A Critique of the ‘Paleo Diet’

1969 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ashley Reeves
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Food Regime ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
The Social ◽  
Consumption Practices ◽  
Paleo Diet ◽  
Global Food ◽  
Do So

Relatively little has been written about the social, economic and political dynamics and relationships that are engendered through Paleo culture. Examining the tensions within and between the ‘Paleo Diet’ principles and practices reveals the application of a technical solution to a structural problem: power dynamics created at an individual and group level by the Paleo culture reveals an emergent food classism rooted in socio-economic and racialized inequalities. Participation in and adherence to the Paleo lifestyle (or the inability to do so) creates particular types of social subjects and subjectivities based on the implicit moralization of food and consumption practices. While the Paleo Diet reflects millenarian apprehensions about the state of the contemporary world and concerns with global food quality and food insecurity, it is dependent on and exacerbates the socio-economic dynamics and marginalizing practices of a global food regime that it seeks to critique and abandon.

threatening the rest of the private sector, was especially conducive to this solution. None the less, the experience of post-reform agriculture in a number of socialist countries indicates that this is in practice the best way of articulating such disparate forms of production. Third, that the process of capitalist agricultural development does generate a large proletariat, even though it is disguised in the form of impoverished peasantry. This means that the agrarian reform can proceed in socialised production forms in the 'capitalist' sector without direct peasant owner-ship of land. It is true that in the Nicaraguan case, the relatively high land endowment per head reduced this pressure, but it is also important not to overestimate the 'peasant' nature of agriculture in Latin America [Goodman andRedclift, 1981], because this tends to lead to agrarian reform proposals which ignore the inevitable role of agriculture as the base of the national accumulation model in almost all underdeveloped economies in transition. Fourth, that in the case of Nicaragua, this logic has probably been carried too far. In implementing a project to eliminate the exploitative relation-ship between capitalist export agriculture and the peasantry (cheap labour and cheap food) by establishing a stable rural proletariat and secure food supplies, the revolutionary state has effectively undermined the remaining peasant economy without providing a coherent alternative. This has produced a new contradiction in the agrarian development model proposed for the rest of the century, when the revolution not only depends upon the mountain peasantry for defence against external aggression but also for food supplies during the transitional accumulation period. A successful agrarian accumulation model, above all during the tran-sition, must provide for an adequate articulation of distinct forms of pro-duction as part of the process of rural transformation.

2013 ◽  
pp. 231-232
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agrarian Reform ◽  
Rural Transformation ◽  
Accumulation Model ◽  
Economies In Transition ◽  
Export Agriculture ◽  
Cheap Labour ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Agrarian Development

scholarly journals Agrarian budget as an instrument of agrarian development policy of Serbia

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (5-6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danko Kardovic
Keyword(s):  
Development Policy ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Government Administration ◽  
Agrarian Sector ◽  
Agrarian Economy ◽  
Agrarian Policy ◽  
Agrarian Development ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose of the research is to emphasize the role of agrarian budget in development of Serbian agrarian economy and to examine the problem of agricultural and rural development financingsupport.Furthermore, in this research initial reforms of economic measures have been analyzed concerning Serbian agrarian policy. The goal of this paper is to provide an insight into the role of agricultural budget in agrarian policy of Serbia.The first part of the study gives an overview of macroeconomic situation in Serbia and impact of the financial crisis on Serbia’s economy. Second part includes analysis of the topic item, i.e. agrarian budget role in Serbian agrarian sector. It includes review of relevant literature and researches already conducted on legislation and practice of Serbian agrarian policy as well as examination of statistical data regarding present agrarian budget for 2009.The research focuses at the Serbian agrarian budget for 2009 and agrarian policy of the present Serbian government administration.

scholarly journals Perspectives on the international relations of food

1978 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 581-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond F. Hopkins ◽  
Donald J. Puchala
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
International Relations ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
International System ◽  
Policy Coordination ◽  
World Food ◽  
Food Regime ◽  
World War ◽  
Production Distribution ◽  
Global Food

The international system of production, distribution and consumption of food is managed by states, corporations and international organizations. International organizations play minor roles in the food regime, principally as arenas for policy coordination among state bureaucracies and as agents for modest multilateral programs. All of these actors work within the framework of a set of norms, rules and practices that constitutes a global food regime. Currently, the regime is undergoing change. Growing demand for food, tighter connections among markets, and greater reliance on technology have increased the importance of international adjustments. American preponderance in shaping regime features and insuring food security through reserves has declined. The dramatic price rises and rationing of international food supplies that occurred during the “crisis” of 1973–74 exposed serious deficiencies in the existing regime. At least five world food problems—potential shortages, instability, insecurity, low productivity and malnutrition—continue as real or potential threats. To solve these problems the norms of the current regime that has existed since World War II are seriously under challenge. Re-evaluation and reform of the major principles characterizing the food regime are needed.

scholarly journals Food System Transformation: Integrating a Political–Economy and Social–Ecological Approach to Regime Shifts

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura M. Pereira ◽  
Scott Drimie ◽  
Kristi Maciejewski ◽  
Patrick Bon Tonissen ◽  
Reinette (Oonsie) Biggs
Keyword(s):  
Food System ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Regime Shifts ◽  
Transformative Change ◽  
System Transformation ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Food Regimes ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Global North ◽  
Global Food

Sustainably achieving the goal of global food security is one of the greatest challenges of the 21st century. The current food system is failing to meet the needs of people, and at the same time, is having far-reaching impacts on the environment and undermining human well-being in other important ways. It is increasingly apparent that a deep transformation in the way we produce and consume food is needed in order to ensure a more just and sustainable future. This paper uses the concept of regime shifts to understand key drivers and innovations underlying past disruptions in the food system and to explore how they may help us think about desirable future changes and how we might leverage them. We combine two perspectives on regime shifts—one derived from natural sciences and the other from social sciences—to propose an interpretation of food regimes that draws on innovation theory. We use this conceptualization to discuss three examples of innovations that we argue helped enable critical regime shifts in the global food system in the past: the Haber-Bosch process of nitrogen fixation, the rise of the supermarket, and the call for more transparency in the food system to reconnect consumers with their food. This paper concludes with an exploration of why this combination of conceptual understandings is important across the Global North/ Global South divide, and proposes a new sustainability regime where transformative change is spearheaded by a variety of social–ecological innovations.

scholarly journals Food Activism and Citizens’ Democratic Engagements: What Can We Learn from Market-Based Political Participation?

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 131-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmine Lorenzini
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Food Regime ◽  
Food Regimes ◽  
Production Distribution ◽  
Food Activism ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Democratic Ideals ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Food Democracy

Food democracy calls for a democratization of the production, distribution, and consumption of food. Researchers and lay citizens are showing a growing interest for initiatives associated with food democracy, yet the specific democratic ideals and involvements that make up food democracy have gained limited attention. Many forms of participation associated with food democracy are market-based, such as buying organic food or joining community-supported agricultural projects. Research shows that market-based logics influence multiple spheres of life and threaten democratic ideals. However, scholars working on political participation have not yet analyzed the influence of market-based logics across forms of participation. This article analyses the action repertoire of food democracy to assess the influence of market-based logics on different forms of food activism. It builds on four critiques of market-based politics to question the relationship between different forms of participation and the market. It addresses three research questions: Which forms of political participation do citizens use to democratize the food regime? Which conceptions of democracy relate to these different forms of food activism? Which critiques of market-based politics apply to different forms of food activism? The article highlights the widespread risk of unequal participation, crowding out, commodification, and state retreat across forms of participation used to democratize food regimes. This study provides insights into the types of democratic renewal being experimented with in the framework of food democracy as well as their limits.

scholarly journals 'It's very not fair': Maize, money, and moral economies in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Alice Watts
Keyword(s):  
Political Ecology ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Impact Investing ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Moral Economies ◽  
Farmer Livelihoods ◽  
Global Food

Over the past decade there has been increased emphasis on agricultural development in Africa to meet a nexus of challenges including global food security, national and local economic growth and employment creation, energy security, and the search for new profit frontiers. This is occurring at a time of decreasing public funding for agricultural development, and a deeper focus on the potentially speculative and predatory nature of financial models in the wake of the financial crisis in the late 2000s. One outcome has been the development of innovative financing mechanisms. An example is social impact investing (SII), which aims to generate financial returns and positive social impacts for intended beneficiaries. In this article, I examine an SII programme in the Tanzanian agricultural sector. I unpack what happens when its vision of 'ethical capitalism' is implemented in the context of farmer livelihoods and moral economies, especially at a time of environmental disruption. In doing so, I argue for the continuing relevance of studying moral economies within political ecology.

scholarly journals Perspektif Global Penelitian untuk Pembangunan: Antisipasi Lingkungan Strategis dan Agenda R&D Pertanian

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
I Wayan Rusastra
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Food Sovereignty ◽  
Program Planning ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Security Enhancement

<p><strong>English</strong><br />In the globalization context the perspective contribution and redefinition of agricultural sector are changing. The multifunctional roles and inclusiveness of agriculture become stronger with their ultimate goals as a source of growth and employment, food security enhancement and poverty alleviation, as well as sustaining natural resources and agricultural development. Two fundamental global trends to take into account are inter-temporal strategic environment and anticipative agricultural R&amp;D for development. Global strategic environment consists of biofuel development, climate change, sustainable agriculture, gender mainstreaming, and food-fuel-financial crises. On the other hand, the anticipative agricultural R&amp;D global to get more attention is international trade transparency, technology role and food demand, incentive and investment reformation, structural transformation, and the harmonization of food security and food sovereignty development. Both aspects should be adapted and synergized in the thematic program planning and priority setting of agricultural research for development. The end target is the relevancy and effectiveness of agricultural research and achievement of agricultural development.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Dalam perspektif global, telah terjadi pergeseran kontribusi dan redifinisi peran multifungsi sektor pertanian. Urgensi tentang multifungsi dan inklusifitas peran sektor pertanian semakin menguat, dengan sasaran sebagai sumber pertumbuhan dan kesempatan kerja, ketahanan pangan dan pengentasan kemiskinan, pelestarian sumberdaya dan keberlanjutan pembangunan pertanian. Dua perkembangan fundamental global yang perlu dipertimbangkan adalah dinamika lingkungan strategis dan R&amp;D pertanian untuk pembangunan. Dinamika lingkungan strategis global mencakup pengembangan biofuel, perubahan iklim, pertanian berkelanjutan, pengarusutamaan gender, serta krisis energi, pangan, dan finansial global. Sementara itu antisipasi R&amp;D pertanian global yang perlu dipertimbangkan adalah transparansi perdagangan, peran iptek dan kebutuhan pangan, reformasi insentif dan investasi, transformasi struktural, serta harmonisasi ketahanan pangan dan kedaulatan pangan. Kedua aspek tersebut perlu diadaptasikan dan disinergikan dalam perumusan program tematik dan penetapan skala prioritas R&amp;D pertanian untuk pembangunan. Sasaran akhirnya adalah relevansi dan efektifitas R&amp;D dan keberhasilan pembangunan pertanian nasional.</p>

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