Mapping the current state and transformation of the water regime of rivers in the European territory of Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 961 (7) ◽  
pp. 14-26
Author(s):  
N.L. Frolova ◽  
M.B. Kireeva ◽  
M.A. Kharlamov ◽  
T.E. Samsonov ◽  
A.L. Entin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Regime ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
European Russia ◽  
East European Plain ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Precipitation Regime ◽  
Runoff Depth

Water regime of rivers is an important characteristic of the surface land waters as a natural environment component and object of economic use. The reaction of the rivers’ water regime to the climatic changes, including the case of extreme hydro-meteorological events, has not been studied carefully yet. It is necessary to adapt the water part of national economy to the current trends and characteristics of rivers’ water and ice regime. The analysis and inventory of these trends are required to make appropriate decisions. The authors present the methodology and the results of mapping the current European Russia rivers’ water regime and its modern transformation. The resulting map series includes the maps of the season beginning months, the coefficient of natural flow regulation, the average runoff depth for the "historical" period, extreme monthly equal discharge rate, the ratio of average monthly discharge between seasons, the runoff depth in the "modern" period and its change compared to the "historical" one, a map of water regime transformation, as well as a number of supplementary climatic maps reflecting changes in temperature and precipitation regime. The obtained maps allowed revealing numerous spatiotemporal tendencies, including intensification of the hydrological cycle; the increase in the annual runoff depth in the middle of the East European Plain; increase of absolute unevenness of summer low-water runoff and decrease of relative unevenness; the decrease of maximum discharge; significant change of the ratio of discharge components for the most rivers of the European Russia, the most important feature of which is decreasing the share of snowmelting component.

scholarly journals Present-day Special Features of the Don River Basin Rivers Spring Tide

2013 ◽  
pp. 60-76
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Spring Tide ◽  
High Water ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Regime Changes ◽  
Flow Duration ◽  
High Water Period ◽  
Don River

The article is devoted to present-day specific features of the Don River basin rivers spring tide. On the basis of the recent data on the rivers’ water regime changes of maximal water flow, duration of high water period, high water runoff fractions in the annual runoff and hydrograph forms have been shown. It has been demonstrated that the spring tide character change is closely linked with the other phases of rivers’ water regime change.

Climate and land use change impacts on water resources in Sardinia (Italy)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Ruggiu ◽  
Salvatore Urru ◽  
Roberto Deidda ◽  
Francesco Viola
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Land Use Scenarios ◽  
Near Future

<p>The assessment of climate change and land use modifications effects on hydrological cycle is challenging. We propose an approach based on Budyko theory to investigate the relative importance of natural and anthropogenic drivers on water resources availability. As an example of application, the proposed approach is implemented in the island of Sardinia (Italy), which is affected by important processes of both climate and land use modifications. In details, the proposed methodology assumes the Fu’s equation to describe the mechanisms of water partitioning at regional scale and uses the probability distributions of annual runoff (Q) in a closed form. The latter is parametrized by considering simple long-term climatic info (namely first orders statistics of annual rainfall and potential evapotranspiration) and land use properties of basins.</p><p>In order to investigate the possible near future water availability of Sardinia, several climate and land use scenarios have been considered, referring to 2006-2050 and 2051-2100 periods. Climate scenarios have been generated considering fourteen bias corrected outputs of climatic models from EUROCORDEX’s project (RCP 8.5), while three land use scenarios have been created following the last century tendencies.</p><p>Results show that the distribution of annual runoff in Sardinia could be significantly affected by both climate and land use change. The near future distribution of Q generally displayed a decrease in mean and variance compared to the baseline.   </p><p>The reduction of  Q is more critical moving from 2006-2050 to 2051-2100 period, according with climatic trends, namely due to the reduction of annual rainfall and the increase of potential evapotranspiration. The effect of LU change on Q distribution is weaker than the climatic one, but not negligible.</p>

scholarly journals Mediterranean Precipitation Response to Greenhouse Gases and Aerosols

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Tang ◽  
Drew Shindell ◽  
Bjørn H. Samset ◽  
Oliviér Boucher ◽  
Piers M. Forster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Local Heating ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Radiative Balance ◽  
Precipitation Decrease ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosols and greenhouse gases affect cloud properties, radiative balance and thus, the hydrological cycle. Observations show that precipitation has decreased in the Mediterranean since the 20th century, and many studies have investigated possible mechanisms. So far, however, the effects of aerosol forcing on Mediterranean precipitation remain largely unknown. Here we compare Mediterranean precipitation responses to individual forcing agents in a set of state-of-the-art global climate models (GCMs). Our analyses show that both greenhouse gases and aerosols can cause drying in the Mediterranean, and that precipitation is more sensitive to black carbon (BC) forcing than to well-mixed greenhouse gases (WMGHGs) or sulfate aerosol. In addition to local heating, BC appears to reduce precipitation by causing an enhanced positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)/Arctic Oscillation (AO)-like sea level pressure (SLP) pattern, characterized by higher SLP at mid-latitudes and lower SLP at high-latitudes. WMGHGs cause a similar SLP change, and both are associated with a northward diversion of the jet stream and storm tracks, reducing precipitation in the Mediterranean while increasing precipitation in Northern Europe. Though the applied forcings were much larger, if forcings are scaled to those of the historical period of 1901–2010, roughly one-third (31 ± 17 %) of the precipitation decrease would be attributable to global BC forcing with the remainder largely attributable to WMGHGs whereas global scattering sulfate aerosols have negligible impacts. The results from this study suggest that future BC emissions may significantly affect regional water resources, agricultural practices, ecosystems, and the economy in the Mediterranean region.

scholarly journals Basin-Scale Approach to Integration of Agro- and Hydroecological Monitoring for Sustainable Environmental Management: A Case Study of Belgorod Oblast, European Russia

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 927
Author(s):  
Zhanna Buryak ◽  
Fedor Lisetskii ◽  
Artyom Gusarov ◽  
Anastasiya Narozhnyaya ◽  
Mikhail Kitov
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
River Basin ◽  
River Basins ◽  
European Russia ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Belgorod Oblast ◽  
Water Quality Control ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Seventh Order

The quantitative and qualitative depletion of water resources (both surface and groundwater) is closely related to the need to protect soils against degradation, rationalization of land use, and regulation of surface water runoff within the watershed area. Belgorod Oblast (27,100 km2), one of the administrative regions of European Russia, was chosen as the study area. It is characterized by a high activity of soil erosion (the share of eroded soils is about 48% of the total area of arable land). The development phase of the River Basin Environmental Management Projects (217 river basins from the fourth to seventh order) allowed for the proceeding of the development of an integrated monitoring system for river systems and river basin systems. The methods used to establish a geoecological network for regional monitoring include the selection and application of GIS techniques to quantify the main indicators of ecological state and predisposition of river basins to soil erosion (the share of cropland and forestland, the share of the south-oriented slopes, soil erodibility, Slope Length and Steepness (LS) factor, erosion index of precipitation, and the river network density) and the method of a hierarchical classification of cluster analysis for the grouping of river basins. An approach considering the typology of river basins is also used to expand the regional network of hydrological gauging stations to rationalize the national hydrological monitoring network. By establishing 16 additional gauging stations on rivers from the fourth to seventh order, this approach allows for an increase in the area of hydro-agroecological monitoring by 1.26 times (i.e., up to 77.5% of the total area of Belgorod Oblast). Some integrated indicators of agroecological (on the watershed surface) and hydroecological (in river water flow) monitoring are proposed to improve basin environmental management projects. Six-year monitoring showed the effectiveness of water quality control measures on an example of a decrease in the concentrations of five major pollutants in river waters.

scholarly journals Sensible heat has significantly affected the global hydrological cycle over the historical period

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Myhre ◽  
B. H. Samset ◽  
Ø. Hodnebrog ◽  
T. Andrews ◽  
O. Boucher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Sensible Heat ◽  
Global Hydrological Cycle

Impact of urbanization on hydrologic response of a small Ontario watershed

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 620-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Cook ◽  
W. T. Dickinson
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Hydrologic Response ◽  
Unit Hydrograph ◽  
Open Drainage ◽  
Spring Runoff

The Speedvale Experimental Basin, a 210 ha watershed on the outskirts of Guelph, Ontario, was established in 1965 as an International Hydrological Decade project for the purpose of studying impacts of urbanization on hydrologic response. A relatively extensive hydrologic database regarding precipitation, streamflow, soil moisture, and groundwater has been assembled for the preurbanization period from 1966 to 1974 and for the period of ongoing development from 1975 to 1982. The study area, located physiographically within the Guelph Drumlin Field, was used for mixed agricultural purposes prior to 1974. During 1975 and 1976, 155 ha of the basin were serviced for development for light industrial and commercial usage, dramatically altering the configuration of the drainage system. The major alteration was the installation of a stormwater conveyance system, consisting of a large-diameter storm sewer (2.5 and 3.0 m) and a network of open drainage ditches outletting through ditch inlet catch basins into a main drainage channel.With the changes in land use in the basin have come changes in both volumetric and time distribution aspects of hydrologic response. Changes in the response include (i) an increase in the mean annual runoff coefficient by a factor of 1.5, (ii) an increase in the average annual maximum instantaneous discharge by a factor of almost 3.0, (iii) a change in the time of the annual peak flow from occurring solely in the spring runoff period to occurring throughout the various seasons, (iv) a change in the seasonal pattern of monthly runoff coefficients, with the greatest change observed in the summer and lesser changes observed in the other seasons, (v) a 3-fold reduction in unit hydrograph lag time, and (vi) a 3.5-fold increase in unit hydrograph peak discharge. Key words: urbanization, hydrology, surface water runoff, streamflow, watersheds.

Wetter or colder during the Last Glacial Maximum? Revisiting the pluvial lake question in southwestern North America

2004 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten M. Menking ◽  
Roger Y. Anderson ◽  
Nabil G. Shafike ◽  
Kamran H. Syed ◽  
Bruce D. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Glacial Maximum ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
Pleistocene Climate ◽  
Surface Water Runoff ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

Well-preserved shorelines in Estancia basin and a relatively simple hydrologic setting have prompted several inquiries into the basin's hydrologic balance for the purpose of estimating regional precipitation during the late Pleistocene. Estimates have ranged from 86% to 150% of modern, the disparity largely the result of assumptions about past temperatures. In this study, we use an array of models for surface-water runoff, groundwater flow, and lake energy balance to examine previously proposed scenarios for late Pleistocene climate. Constraints imposed by geologic evidence of past lake levels indicate that precipitation for the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) may have doubled relative to modern values during brief episodes of colder and wetter climate and that annual runoff was as much as 15% of annual precipitation during these episodes.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal variations of winter discharge under climate change: Case study of rivers in European Russia

2015 ◽  
Vol 368 ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Telegina
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
European Russia ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Underground Waters ◽  
Winter Runoff ◽  
First Time

Abstract. An important problem in hydrology is the re-evaluation of the current resources of surface and underground waters in the context of ongoing climate changes. The main feature of the present-day changes in water regime in the major portion of European Russia (ER) is the substantial increase in low-water runoff, especially in winter. In this context, some features of the spatial–temporal variations of runoff values during the winter low-water period are considered. Calculations showed that the winter runoff increased at more than 95% of hydrological gauges. Changes in the minimum and average values of runoff during winter low-water period and other characteristics are evaluated against the background of climate changes in the recent decades. The spatial and temporal variability of winter runoff in European Russia is evaluated for the first time.

scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO DA TAXA DE INFILTRAÇÃO DE ÁGUA EM UM LATOSSOLO VERMELHO SUBMETIDO A DOIS SISTEMAS DE MANEJO*

Irriga ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Angelotti Neto ◽  
Edemo João Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Conventional Management ◽  
Red Latosol

AVALIAÇÃO DA TAXA DE INFILTRAÇÃO DE ÁGUA EM UM LATOSSOLO VERMELHO SUBMETIDO A DOIS SISTEMAS DE MANEJO*  Antonio Angelotti Netto1; Edemo João Fernandes21SEA, Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos,Universidade de São Paulo e Embrapa Instrumentação Agropecuária,, São Carlos, SP, [email protected] de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP  1 RESUMO A infiltração de água no solo é um dos processos mais importantes do ciclo hidrológico, uma vez que a partir desse parâmetro pode-se determinar o escorrimento superficial e estimar o armazenamento de água no solo. O manejo do solo é um importante fator que influencia a infiltração de água. O solo manejado erroneamente pode ocasionar perdas de solo, lixiviação de pesticidas e fertilizantes, causando efeitos nefastos à produção agrícola e ao ambiente. Diante deste contexto, objetivou-se determinar a velocidade de infiltração em um Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico ocorrente na UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, submetido aos sistemas de manejo convencional e pousio. As medidas foram realizadas com anéis concêntricos, nos intervalos de tempo: 5, 10, 20, 30 e 60 minutos. Verificou-se que o manejo em pousio a que foi submetido o solo, não foi o suficiente para lhe proporcionar velocidades de infiltração maiores do que no solo manejado convencionalmente. UNITERMOS: infiltração acumulada, manejo de solo, pousio  ANGELOTTI NETTO, A.; FERNANDES, E. J. EVALUATION OF WATER INFILTRATION RATE IN A RED LATOSSOL SUBMITTED TO TWO MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS  2 ABSTRACT Water infiltration in the soil is one of the most important processes of the hydrological cycle, as this parameter may be used to determine water runoff and estimate water storage in the soil. Soil management is an important factor that influences water infiltration. Erroneous soil management may cause soil losses, pesticide and fertilizer leaching, and disastrous effects to the agricultural production and the environment. Considering this, it was decided to determine the infiltration rate of a Red Latosol (Rhodic Eutrudox) at UNESP, Jaboticabal, and SP, BRAZIL, submitted to a conventional management system and to a non-cultivated one. These measurements were made using concentric rings, at time intervals of 5, 10, 20, 30 and 60 minutes. It was verified that the non-cultivated period to which the soil was submitted was not sufficient to provide a greater infiltration rate than that one achieved by conventional soil management. KEYWORDS: accumulated infiltration, soil management, non-cultivated soil 

scholarly journals Precipitation and temperature regime over Cyprus as a result of global climate change

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Giannakopoulos ◽  
P. Hadjinicolaou ◽  
E. Kostopoulou ◽  
K. V. Varotsos ◽  
C. Zerefos
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Precipitation Regime ◽  
Drought Duration ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. In this study, the impact of global climate change on the temperature and precipitation regime over the island of Cyprus has been investigated. The analysis is based on daily output from a regional climate model (RCM) at a high horizontal resolution (25 km) produced within the framework of the EU-funded ENSEMBLES project. The control run represents the base period 1961–1990 and is used here as reference for comparison with future predictions. Two future periods are studied, 2021–2050 and 2071–2100. For the study area and over the study period, an analysis of the changes associated with the temperature regime and the hydrological cycle, such as mean precipitation and drought duration, is presented. Variations in the mean annual and seasonal rainfall are presented. Changes in the number of hot days/warm nights as well as drought duration are also discussed. These changes should be very important to assess future possible water shortages over the island and to provide a basis for associated impacts on the agricultural sector.

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