scholarly journals PROBLEMATIZAÇÕES CONTEMPORÂNEAS SOBRE A ESCALARIDADE: FORMA, NATUREZA E ORGANIZAÇÃO DAS ESCALAS GEOGRÁFICAS

GEOgraphia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (50) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matheus da Silveira Grandi
Keyword(s):  
Social Action ◽  
Methodological Issue ◽  
First Century ◽  
Scale Problem ◽  
Academic Field ◽  
Geographical Scale ◽  
History Of ◽  
Methodological Concern ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Siglo Xx

O “problema da escala” emerge na Geografia no momento em que a necessidade de organizar as unidades espaciais possíveis de serem identificadas é ressaltada como uma preocupação metodológica, sendo assim explicitado e tratado no âmbito acadêmico da Geografia sobretudo a partir da década de 1950. A difusão de certos referenciais teórico-políticos nas pesquisas sócio-espaciais possibilitou que a questão escalar fosse, nos anos seguintes, observada desde abordagens para as quais dividir e organizar o espaço não era uma questão meramente metodológica, mas também epistemológica, política e, portanto, diretamente ligada à prática e à ação social. Mas a proliferação de trabalhos sobre as escalas geográficas não ocorreu homogeneamente nos diferentes ambientes linguísticos da literatura especializada. No caso anglófono, foi a partir do final da década de 1980 que isso aconteceu, processo que ficou conhecido como de “abertura” do conceito de escala na Geografia. O objetivo destas páginas é caracterizar os principais eixos do debate sobre as escalas geográficas que se desenrolou entre aproximadamente a última década do século XX e a primeira década do século XXI nas pesquisas realizadas no ambiente da Geografia anglófona de forma a incrementar a pluralidade de questões que fertilizam as compreensões sobre a escala geográfica.Palavras-chave: Escala geográfica; História do Pensamento Geográfico; Geografia anglófona. CONTEMPORARY TOPICS ON SCALARITY: FORM, NATURE, AND ORGANISATION OF GEOGRAPHICAL SCALESAbstract: The “scale problem” emerges in Geography at the moment in which the need to organize the possibly identifiable spatial units is highlighted as a methodological concern. Thus, it became explicit and treated in this academic field, specially from the 1950s onward. In the following years the diffusion of other theoretical-political references in Western socio-spatial research allowed the scalar issue to be observed from approaches for which the act of divide and organize the space was not merely a methodological issue, but also an epistemological and political one ―and, therefore, scale was recognized as directly linked to the practice and social action. But the proliferation of works on geographical scales did not occur homogeneously in the different linguistic environments of the specialized literature. In the Anglophone case, for example, it was from the end of the 1980s that this happened. The aim of this article is to characterize the main axes of the debate on geographical scales that took place between approximately the last decade of the twentieth century and the first decade of the twenty-first century in the research carried out in the environment of Anglophone Geography in order to increase the plurality of issues that fertilize the understandings on geographical scale.Keywords: Geographical scale; History of Geographical Thought; Anglophone geography.CUESTIONES CONTEMPORÁNEAS SOBRE LA ESCALARIDAD: FORMA, NATURALEZA Y ORGANIZACIÓN DE LAS ESCALAS GEOGRÁFICASResumen: El “problema de la escala” surge en Geografía en el momento en que se pone de manifiesto la necesidad de organizar las unidades espaciales identificables como una preocupación metodológica. Así, el tema se vuelve explícito y tratado en este ámbito académico principalmente a partir de la década de 1950. La difusión de ciertas referencias teórico-políticas en las investigaciones socio-espaciales ocidentales permitió que la cuestión escalar fuera, en los años siguientes, observada desde enfoques para los que dividir y organizar el espacio no era una cuestión meramente metodológica, sino también epistemológica y política ―y, por lo tanto, directamente vinculada a la práctica y a la acción social. Pero la proliferación de trabajos sobre escalas geográficas no se produjo de forma homogénea en los distintos ámbitos lingüísticos de la literatura especializada. En el caso anglófono, por ejemplo, eso ocurrió a partir de finales de los años ochenta. El objetivo de este artículo es caracterizar los principales ejes del debate sobre las escalas geográficas que tuvo lugar aproximadamente entre la última década del siglo XX y la primera del siglo XXI en las investigaciones realizadas en el entorno de la Geografía anglófona con el fin de aumentar la pluralidad de cuestiones que alimentan las reflexiones sobre la escala geográfica.Palabras clave: Escala geográfica; Historia del Pensamiento Geográfico; Geografía anglófona.

Liberal Toryism in the Twentieth Century

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 177-201
Author(s):  
Michael Bentley
Keyword(s):  
Deep Structure ◽  
Conservative Party ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Party Ideology ◽  
The Moment

DUST has scarcely had time to settle on Lady Thatcher; yet already a thick sediment of historical significance attaches to the fifteen years of her ascendancy. The period between 1975 and 1990 looks likely to prove as significant for the political ideologies of the twenty-first century as that between, say, 1885 and 1906 currently looks for our own. In the twilight world of John Major (who appears part-antidote, part-surrogate), Conservative ideology is becoming informed by reviews from both sides as they reflect on not only what went wrong but what it was that seemingly went so right, from a party point of view, for so long. We have just had placed before us, for example, John Campbell's admirable biography of Sir Edward Heath, on theone hand, and Alan Clark's transfixing diaries very much on the other. Such documents supplement amass of theorising and comment by political scientists and journalists, most of which dwells on the twin themes of discontinuity and dichotomy. The history of the Tory party is seen to enter a period of catastrophe by the end of the Heath government out of which there emerges a distinct party ideology which people call ‘Thatcherism’: a ‘New Conservatism’ radically distinct from the compromise and accommodation that marked politics after 1951. But that process was contested within the party—hence a dichotomy between two persuasions: the hawks and the doves, the dries and the wets, the Tories and the Conservatives, the true blues and the Liberals. Language of this kind has a particular interest to historians. They want to raise issues about its chronological deep-structure: how ‘new’ was this ‘New Conservatism’?. They recognise the need to situate the dichotomies of the moment in a wider context of Conservative experience: how singular is a doctrine of dichotomy within Conservative party doctrine? Above all they bring into question bald postulates about the nature of current Conservatism which do not compare experience across time

scholarly journals Hacia Arts & Architecture La revolución editorial de John Entenza (1938-1945)

2018 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Daniel Díez Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Intellectual Discourse ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Architecture And Design ◽  
Siglo Xx

Resumen En enero de 1945 Arts & Architecture puso en marcha el programa CaseStudy House, un experimento ideado por John Entenza que les reservaríaa él y a su revista un lugar importante en la historia de la arquitectura moderna del siglo XX. Desde que asumió la dirección de Arts & Architectureen 1940, Entenza supo rodearse de creadores y artistas como Alvin Lustig,Ray y Charles Eames, Herbert Matter o Julius Shulman, que contribuyerona elevar el estándar gráfico de su publicación y le confirieron una identidadinnovadora que respaldaba visualmente el discurso intelectual vanguardista de compromiso con la arquitectura y el diseño modernos que defendía en sus páginas. Este artículo analiza los orígenes, las estrategias de trasformación y los nombres propios que hicieron realidad una revista que, cincuenta años después de su desaparición en 1967, sigue resultando tan atractiva y radical como cuando se editaba.AbstractIn January 1945 Arts & Architecture launched the Case Study House program, an experiment devised by John Entenza that would reserve for him and his magazine an important place in the history of modern architecture of the twentieth century. From the moment he took over the direction of Arts & Architecture in 1940, Entenza knew how to seduce creators and artists such as Alvin Lustig, Ray and Charles Eames, Herbert Matter and Julius Shulman, who contributed to raise the graphic standard of his publication and gave it an innovative identity that visually supported the avant-garde intellectual discourse of commitment to modern architecture and design that it defended in its pages. This article analyzesthe origins, the strategies of transformation and the proper names that made the magazine a reality that, fifty years after its disappearance in 1967, continues to be as attractive and radical as when it was published.

Structural History of The Insula

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Ling ◽  
Paul Arthur ◽  
Georgia Clarke ◽  
Estelle Lazer ◽  
Lesley A. Ling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Empty Space ◽  
Wall Painting ◽  
First Century ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
The Third ◽  
Irregular Shapes ◽  
Structural History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Early Phases

Having looked at the different units within the insula individually, we now need to review and summarize the structural history of the insula as a whole. As stated in Part One, Section 4 (pp. 19-20), the sequence has been divided into five main phases. The first corresponds to structures in opera a telaio and related techniques; the second to the First Style of wall-painting, i.e. mid-second to early first century BC (structures generally in opus incertum with a preponderance of lava and Sarno stone); the third to the Second Style of wall-painting, i.e. broadly the period from c.80 BC to the last years of the century; the fourth to the Third Style of wall-painting, i.e. broadly the period from the late first century BC to the mid-first century AD; and the fifth to the Fourth Style of wall-painting, i.e. the period from C.AD 50 to AD 79. In contrast to the preliminary report, this survey does not attempt to subdivide the phases, except in the more eventful Phase 5, since this approach now seems unduly rigid and implies a degree of precision beyond what the evidence warrants. Some of the main points in which the present analysis differs from the earlier one will be referred to in footnotes. Inevitably many aspects of the interpretation remain uncertain, particularly with regard to the early phases. Selective excavation might fill some of the gaps, but at the moment the early phase plans necessarily contain large areas of empty space or fragments of unrelated walling. Only where there is some ground for predicting missing elements have parts of plans been restored, but even then it has sometimes been necessary to choose between alternative restorations. The diagnostic features are the use of opera a telaio and inferences from the property boundaries and wall alignments. The Irregular shapes of houses 3,7, and 16 imply that they have been inserted in the gaps between pre-existing properties; we may, therefore, suggest that houses 1, 4, and 8 belong to the earliest development in the insula.

Evaluation of concomitant gynecological pathology in group of patients of reproductive age with tumors and tumor formations

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
N. V. Spiridonova ◽  
A. A. Demura ◽  
V. Yu. Schukin
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Errors ◽  
Ovarian Tumors ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Ovarian Tumours ◽  
Preoperative Diagnostic ◽  
Neoplastic Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Moment

According to modern literature, the frequency of preoperative diagnostic errors for tumour-like formations is 30.9–45.6%, for malignant ovarian tumors is 25.0–51.0%. The complexity of this situation is asymptomatic tumor in the ovaries and failure to identify a neoplastic process, which is especially important for young women, as well as ease the transition of tumors from one category to another (evolution of the tumor) and the source of the aggressive behavior of the tumor. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the history of concomitant gynecological pathology in a group of patients of reproductive age with ovarian tumors and tumoroid formations, as a predisposing factor for the development of neoplastic process in the ovaries. In our work, we collected and processed complaints and data of obstetric and gynecological anamnesis of 168 patients of reproductive age (18–40 years), operated on the basis of the Department of oncogynecology for tumors and ovarian tumours in the Samara Regional Clinical Oncology Dispensary from 2012 to 2015. We can conclude that since the prognosis of neoplastic process in the ovaries is generally good with timely detection and this disease occurs mainly in women of reproductive age, doctors need to know that when assessing the parity and the presence of gynecological pathology at the moment or in anamnesis, it is not possible to identify alarming risk factors for the development of cancer in the ovaries.

The Goal of the Moment (Summary of the Lecture Delivered by Ivan Ilyin in May 1917)

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 424-428
Author(s):  
Alexandra I. Vakulinskaya
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
October Revolution ◽  
Legal Consciousness ◽  
New Order ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Moment

This publication is devoted to one of the episodes of I. A. Ilyin’s activity in the period “between two revolutions”. Before the October revolution, the young philosopher was inspired by the events of February 1917 and devoted a lot of time to speeches and publications on the possibility of building a new order in the state. The published archive text indicates that the development of Ilyin’s doctrine “on legal consciousness” falls precisely at this tragic moment in the history of Russia.

Between Specters of War and Visions of Peace

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald M. Mara
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Democratic Theory ◽  
First Century ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Frames Of Reference ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
History Of ◽  
Western Democracies

This book examines how ideas of war and peace have functioned as organizing frames of reference within the history of political theory. It interprets ten widely read figures in that history within five thematically focused chapters that pair (in order) Schmitt and Derrida, Aquinas and Machiavelli, Hobbes and Kant, Hegel and Nietzsche, and Thucydides and Plato. The book’s substantive argument is that attempts to establish either war or peace as dominant intellectual perspectives obscure too much of political life. The book argues for a style of political theory committed more to questioning than to closure. It challenges two powerful currents in contemporary political philosophy: the verdict that premodern or metaphysical texts cannot speak to modern and postmodern societies, and the insistence that all forms of political theory be some form of democratic theory. What is offered instead is a nontraditional defense of the tradition and a democratic justification for moving beyond democratic theory. Though the book avoids any attempt to show the immediate relevance of these interpretations to current politics, its impetus stems very much from the current political circumstances. Since the beginning of the twenty-first century , a series of wars has eroded confidence in the progressively peaceful character of international relations; citizens of the Western democracies are being warned repeatedly about the threats posed within a dangerous world. In this turbulent context, democratic citizens must think more critically about the actions their governments undertake. The texts interpreted here are valuable resources for such critical thinking.

The Property Species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart J. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
First Century ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Full Account ◽  
Symbolic Thought ◽  
Core Property ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

What is property, and why does our species happen to have it? The Property Species explores how Homo sapiens acquires, perceives, and knows the custom of property, and why it might be relevant for understanding how property works in the twenty-first century. Arguing from some hard-to-dispute facts that neither the natural sciences nor the humanities—nor the social sciences squarely in the middle—are synthesizing a full account of property, this book offers a cross-disciplinary compromise that is sure to be controversial: All human beings and only human beings have property in things, and at its core, property rests on custom, not rights. Such an alternative to conventional thinking contends that the origins of property lie not in food, mates, territory, or land, but in the very human act of creating, with symbolic thought, something new that did not previously exist. Integrating cognitive linguistics with the philosophy of property and a fresh look at property disputes in the common law, this book makes the case that symbolic-thinking humans locate the meaning of property within a thing. The provocative implications are that property—not property rights—is an inherent fundamental principle of economics, and that legal realists and the bundle-of-sticks metaphor are wrong about the facts regarding property. Written by an economist who marvels at the natural history of humankind, the book is essential reading for experts and any reader who has wondered why people claim things as “Mine!,” and what that means for our humanity.

The Gospel as Manuscript

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Keith
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Literary Tradition ◽  
Reception History ◽  
Early History ◽  
First Century ◽  
Interdisciplinary Work ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Material ◽  
Material History

This book offers a new material history of the Jesus tradition. It shows that the introduction of manuscripts to the transmission of the Jesus tradition played an underappreciated but crucial role in the reception history of the tradition that eventuated. It focuses particularly on the competitive textualization of the Jesus tradition, whereby Gospel authors drew attention to the written nature of their tradition, sometimes in attempts to assert superiority to predecessors, and the public reading of the Jesus tradition. Both these processes reveal efforts on the part of early followers of Jesus to place the gospel-as-manuscript on display, whether in the literary tradition or in the assembly. Building upon interdisciplinary work on ancient book cultures, this book traces an early history of the gospel as artifact from the textualization of Mark in the first century until the eventual usage of liturgical reading as a marker of authoritative status in the second and third centuries and beyond. Overall, it reveals a vibrant period of the development of the Jesus tradition, wherein the material status of the tradition frequently played as important a role as the ideas about Jesus that it contained.

Narratology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genevieve Liveley
Keyword(s):  
Reader Response ◽  
Literary Theory ◽  
Chicago School ◽  
Reception History ◽  
First Century ◽  
Unreliable Narrator ◽  
Affect And Cognition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ars Poetica

This book explores the extraordinary contribution that classical poetics has made to twentieth- and twenty-first-century theories of narrative. Its aim is not to argue that modern narratologies simply present ‘old wine in new wineskins’, but to identify the diachronic affinities shared between ancient and modern stories about storytelling, recognizing that modern narratologists bring particular expertise to bear upon ancient literary theory and offer valuable insights into the interpretation of some notoriously difficult texts. By interrogating ancient and modern narratologies through the mutually imbricating dynamics of their reception it aims to arrive at a better understanding of both. Each chapter selects a key moment in the history of narratology on which to focus, zooming in from an overview of significant phases to look at core theories and texts—from the Russian formalists, Chicago school neo-Aristotelians, through the prestructuralists, structuralists, and poststructuralists, to the latest unnatural and antimimetic narratologists. The reception history that thus unfolds offers some remarkable plot twists. It unmasks Plato as an unreliable narrator and theorist, and offers a rare glimpse of Aristotle putting narrative theory into practice in the role of storyteller in his work On Poets. In Horace’s Ars Poetica and in the works of ancient scholia critics and commentators it locates a rhetorically conceived poetics and a sophisticated reader-response-based narratology evincing a keen interest in audience affect and cognition—and anticipating the cognitive turn in narratology’s mot recent postclassical phase.

Phoenicia in the Roman Empire

2019 ◽  
pp. 110-124
Author(s):  
Julien Aliquot
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
New Order ◽  
History Of ◽  
Local Traditions

This chapter traces the history of Phoenicia from the advent of Rome in Syria at the beginning of the first century bce to the foundation of the Christian empire of Byzantium in the fourth century ce. It focuses on the establishment of Roman rule and its impact on society, culture, and religion. Special attention is paid to the establishment of Roman rule and its impact on society, culture, and religion. The focus is on provincial institutions and cities, which provided a basis for the new order. However, side trails are also taken to assess the flowering of Hellenism and the revival of local traditions in the light of the Romanization of Phoenicia and its hinterland.

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