scholarly journals CONHECIMENTOS DE MARIA: CURRÍCULOS, CULTURAS E CONHECIMENTOS COTIDIANOS

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nivea Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Public School ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Mathematics Teacher ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Everyday Knowledge

O presente artigo compreende os currículos como culturas e como espaçotempo que entrelaça conhecimentos cotidianos e conhecimentos científicos. Para este propósito realizarei um diálogo com os trabalhos de autores e professores como Alice Lopes, Néstor Canclini, Homi Bhaba, Boaventura de Souza Santos, Elizabeth Macedo e Luciana Getirana. Esta última, a minha principal interlocutora, é professora de matemática de uma escola municipal na Penha Circular, Rio de Janeiro. Com estes interlocutores e com as conversas com Dona Maria, uma estudante de 65 anos de uma turma de Jovens e Adultos, busco pensar as relações entre conhecimento científico e conhecimento cotidiano na produção dos currículos escolares. Neste sentido, tentarei romper com dicotomias, reconhecendo, porém, que nas práticas de docentes e discentes, há movimentos que procuram definir estas separações, buscando delimitar o que na prática é móvel e entrelaçado nas diferentes redes de conhecimentos e de significados das quais todos fazemos parte.Palavras-chave: Currículos, conhecimentos cotidianos, conhecimentos científicos e culturas.   This article comprises the curriculum as cultures and as spacetime that interweaves everyday knowledge and scientific knowledge. For this purpose I’ll do a dialogue with works of authors and teachers like Alice Lopes, Néstor Canclini, Homi Bhaba, Boaventura de Souza Santos, Elizabeth Macedo and Luciana Getirana. The last one, my main interlocutor, is a mathematics teacher in a public school at Penha Circular, Rio de Janeiro. With these interlocutors and dialogues with Dona Maria, a student of 65 years of a group of youth and adult, I try to think the relationship between scientific knowledge and everyday knowledge in the making of school curriculum. In this sense, I’ll try to break with dichotomies, recognizing, however, that in the practices of teachers and students, there are movements that seek to define these separations, seeking to delimit what in practice is mobile and interlaced in different networks of knowledge and meanings which we all  belong. Keywords: Curriculum, everyday knowledge, scientific knowledge and cultures.

scholarly journals Representações de professores sobre cotidiano escolar

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (216) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lúcia Maurício
Keyword(s):  
Public School ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
School Development ◽  
Power Transfer ◽  
School Practices ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
As If

Procura compreender a resistência dos professores a um processo de mudança. A pesquisa, realizada em escola estadual de ensino fundamental num município de periferia do Rio de Janeiro, desenvolveu-se em período em que a escola passou por uma série de transformações. A análise da representação dos professores a respeito do próprio professor, do aluno, de seu comportamento, de reuniões, de diretor e de escola e de educação possibilitou desmembrar em dois grupos a categoria de Nildecoff “professor-professor” e construir perfil das categorias professores “outros” e “próprios”: os outros atribuem a outros a responsabilidade pelo processo educacional; os próprios se reconhecem como agentes do processo educacional. Dos 48 entrevistados, 30 ficaram na categoria outros e 18, na categoria próprios. Palavras-chave: prática escolar; democratização da escola; resistência à mudança; delegação de poder. Abstract This study intended to investigate the resistance of teachers to changes in their work environment. The research, developed in a primary public school, in a suburb of Rio de Janeiro, took place in a moment in which a democratic project introduced many changes in the school environment. The ethnographic observations and the analyses of 48 interviews by Bardin’s point of view allowed separate in two Nilkdecoff’s category “teacher-teacher”. The analyses of the teachers’ representations about the principal, the school, themselves, pupils, their behavior, meetings and education made possible to build the profile of the categories ‘others’ and ‘selves’: the first ones don’t feel as if they were responsible for school determinations; the ‘selves’ recognize that teachers and students may determine the orientations of the school development. Among 48 interviewers, 30 were categorized as others while 18, as selves. Keywords: school practices; school democratization; resistance to changes; power transfer.

scholarly journals O PAPEL DO CONTRATO DIDÁTICO NA TRÍADE ESTUDANTE - PROFESSOR - SABER NAS AULAS DE MATEMÁTICA: ANÁLISE DAS EXPECTATIVAS DOS SUJEITOS NA RELAÇÃO DIDÁTICA

e-xacta ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Wanderley Pivatto ◽  
Elcio Schuhmacher
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Public School ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Didactic Contract ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
The Relationship

<p align="justify">O artigo teve como proposta analisar o comportamento da relação entre professor e estudante, sob a luz do contrato didático, entendido por Brousseau (1999) como um instrumento de análise a partir da tríade relação docente-discente-saber. O enfoque da investigação esteve assentado nas expectativas dos estudantes e professores na efetivação das regras que compõem um contrato didático, delineado por direitos e promessas de um saber que se deseja por ambas as partes, bem como a ocorrência de transgressão e negociação dos itens orientadores contratuais. Para realizar a investigação, a metodologia utilizada foi a realização de uma entrevista com professores e estudantes de três turmas de 2ª série do Ensino Médio, durante as aulas de Matemática, de uma escola da rede pública de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. Os resultados mostraram que tanto aos estudantes quanto aos professores, para a formação do contrato didático, é necessário que as duas partes participem ativamente nesse processo de construção de regras que norteará os trabalhos em sala de aula.</p><p align="justify">Abstract</p><p align="justify">The article was proposed to analyze the behavior of the relationship between teacher and student, under the light of didactic contract, understood by Brousseau (1999) as an analytical tool from the triad teacherstudent relationship and knowledge. The focus of research has been sitting on the expectations of students and teachers in the effective rules that make up a didactic contract outlined rights and promises of a knowledge that is desired by both parties, as well as the occurrence of transgression and negotiation of contractual items guiding . To conduct the research, the methodology used was conducting an interview with teachers and students from three classes of 2nd year of high school, during math classes, a public school in Florianopolis, Santa Catarina. The results showed that both students and teachers for the training of didactic contract, it is necessary that both parties participate actively in the process of constructing rules that will guide the work in the classroom.</p>

scholarly journals O corpo negro não tem nome: enfrentando o racismo no currículo de Ciências

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 192
Author(s):  
Sandra Escovedo Selles ◽  
Ana Cléa Ayres ◽  
Fabiana Benvenuto
Keyword(s):  
Science Education ◽  
Public School ◽  
Science Teacher ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
School Discipline ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Curriculum And Pedagogy ◽  
The City ◽  
Narrative Learning

O artigo propõe-se a refletir sobre as possibilidades de uma educação antirracista, enfrentando a responsabilidade científica na construção do racismo e, para isto, examina as alternativas do currículo de Ciências nesta desconstrução. Tomando a proposição teórica de Ivor Goodson, quando aponta as possibilidades de uma aprendizagem narrativa, o artigo se debruça sobre os relatos de um professor de Ciências que atua em uma escola pública do município do Rio de Janeiro, onde, continuamente, desenvolve um projeto curricular. Este projeto é centrado na disciplina Ciências Naturais, mas envolve outras disciplinas, tendo a Revolta de Vassouras, RJ, no período escravocrata, como pano de fundo. O artigo faz uma releitura de uma pesquisa que analisou o trabalho desse professor (FERREIRA, 2016) e traz suas narrativas sobre a experiência relatada. Esta releitura traça diálogos entre currículo narrativo e linguagem da possibilidade e enfatiza a potência do projeto como modo de interpelação do discurso racista-biológico.Palavras-chave: Currículo narrativo. Educação em Ciências. Racismo. Abstract: The article aims to reflect on the possibilities of an anti-racist education, facing science responsibility in building racism, and for this examines the alternatives of the school curriculum in this deconstruction. Taking Ivor Goodson's theoretical proposition, when he points out the possibilities of narrative learning, the article focuses on the reports of a science teacher who works in a public school in the city of Rio de Janeiro, where he continuously develops a curricular project. This project is centered on the school discipline sciences, but it involves other disciplines, taking the “Revolta de Vassouras”, RJ, during the slave period, as a background. The article re-reads a research that analyzed the teacher's work (FERREIRA, 2016) and uses his narratives about the experience. This reinterpretation traces dialogues between narrative curriculum and pedagogy of possibilities and emphasizes the power of this work as a way to challenge the racist-biological discourse.Keywords: Narrative curriculum. Science education. Racism.

Reflexões acerca do marxismo “herético” de Ernst Bloch

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-155
Author(s):  
Marta Maria Aragão Maciel
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Ernst Bloch ◽  
Ernest Bloch ◽  
Radical Critique ◽  
Enrique Dussel ◽  
Principal Work ◽  
The Relationship

Resumo: O presente texto objetiva uma abordagem, no interior do pensamento de Ernst Bloch (1885/1977), acerca da relação entre marxismo e utopia: um vínculo incomum no interior do marxismo, comumente tido numa oposição inconciliável. Daí a apropriação do termo “herético” em referência ao marxismo do autor alemão: a expressão é usada não em sentido pejorativo, mas apenas para situar seu distanciamento do marxismo vulgar, bem como sua intenção de crítica radical dessa tradição. Aqui entendemos que é, em particular, por meio da relação entre marxismo e utopia que o pensamento de Ernst Bloch aparece como um projeto inelutavelmente político com vistas a uma filosofia da práxis concreta na principal obra do autor: O Princípio esperança (Das Prinzip Hoffnung) [1954/1959]. Neste livro encontramos, com efeito, a tentativa de pensar a atualidade do marxismo para o contexto do século XX, a era das catástrofes, conforme definição do historiador Eric Hobsbawm. Palavras-chave: Marxismo. Utopia. Dialética. Crítica social. Cultura.  Abstract: This paper presents an approach within the thinking of Ernst Bloch (1885/1977) about the relation between Marxism and Utopia: an unusual link within Marxism, commonly held in an irreconcilable opposition. Hence the appropriation of the term "heretical" in reference to the German author's Marxism: the expression is used not in a pejorative sense, but only to situate its distancing from vulgar Marxism, as well as its intention of a radical critique of this tradition. Here we understand that it is particularly through the relationship between Marxism and Utopia that Ernst Bloch's thought appears as an ineluctably political project with a view to a philosophy of concrete praxis in the principal work of the author: The Principle Hope (Das Prinzip Hoffnung) [1954/1959]. In this book we find, in effect, the attempt to think the actuality of Marxism in the context of the age of catastrophe - as defined by Eric Hobsbawm - that is, the long twentieth century that experienced the extreme barbarism of the concentration camp, of which the thinker in question, Jewish and Communist, managed to escape.  Keywords: Marxism. Utopia. Dialectics. Social criticismo. Culture. REFERÊNCIAS   ALBORNOZ, Suzana. O enigma da Esperança: Ernst Bloch e as margens da história do espírito. Petrópolis, RJ: Vozes, 1995.   ALBORNOZ, Suzana. Ética e utopia: ensaio sobre Ernst Bloch. 2ª edição. Porto Alegre: Movimento; Santa Cruz do Sul: EdUSC, 2006.  BICCA, Luiz. Marxismo e liberdade. São Paulo: Loyola, 1987.  BLOCH, Ernst. Filosofia del Rinascimento. Trad. it. de Gabriella Bonacchi e Katia Tannenbaum. Bologna: il Mulino, 1981.     BLOCH, Ernst. Héritage de ce temps. Trad. Jean Lacoste. Paris: Payot, 1978.  BLOCH, Ernst. O Princípio Esperança [1954-1959]. Vol. I.  Trad. br. Nélio Schneider. Rio de Janeiro: EdUERJ; Contraponto, 2005.   BLOCH, Ernst. O Princípio Esperança [1954-1959]. Vol. II. Trad. br. Werner Fuchs. Rio de Janeiro: EdUERJ; Contraponto, 2006.   BLOCH, Ernst. O Princípio Esperança [1954-1959]. Vol. III. Trad. br. Nélio Schneider. Rio de Janeiro: EdUERJ; Contraponto, 2006.  BLOCH, Ernst. Du rêve à l’utopie: Entretiens philosophiques. Textos escolhidos e prefaciados por Arno Münster. Paris: Hermann, 2016.  BLOCH, Ernst. Thomas Münzer, Teólogo da Revolução [1963]. Trad. br. Vamireh Chacon e Celeste Aída Galeão. Rio de Janeiro: Tempo Brasileiro, 1973.  BLOCH, Ernst. L’esprit de l’utopie, [1918-1023]. Trad. fr. de Anne Marie Lang e Catherine Tiron-Audard. Paris: Gallimard, 1977.  BLOCH, Ernst. El pensamiento de Hegel. Trad. esp. de Wenceslao Roces. Mexico; Buenos Aires: Fondo de Cultura Economica, 1963.   BOURETZ, Pierre. Testemunhas do futuro: filosofia e messianismo. Trad. J. Guinsburg. São Paulo: Perspectiva, 2011, p. 690.  FREUD, Sigmund. Los sueños [1900-1901]. Trad. Luis Lopez-Ballesteros et al., Madrid: Biblioteca Nueva, 1981.  FREUD, Sigmund. A Interpretação dos sonhos. Vol. I. Trad. Jayme Salomão. Rio de Janeiro: Imago, 2006.  HORKHEIMER, Max. Filosofia e teoria crítica. In: Textos escolhidos. Trad. de José Lino Grünnewald. São Paulo: Abril Cultural, 1980, p. 155 (Coleção Os Pensadores.). MÜNSTER, Arno. Ernst Bloch: filosofia da práxis e utopia concreta. São Paulo: UNESP, 1993.     MÜNSTER, Arno. Utopia, Messianismo e Apocalipse nas primeiras de Ernst Bloch. Trad. br. de Flávio Beno Siebeneichler. São Paulo: UNESP, 1997.  PIRON-AUDARD, Catherine. Anthropologie marxiste et psychanalyse selon Ernst Bloch. In: RAULET, Gérard (org.). Utopie-marxisme selon Ernst Bloch: un système de l'inconstructible. Payot: Paris, 1976. VIEIRA, Antonio Rufino. Princípio esperança e a “herança intacta do marxismo” em Ernst Bloch. In: Anais do 5° Coloquio Internacional Marx-Engels. Campinas: CEMARX/Unicamp. Disponível em: <www.unicamp.br / cemarx_v_coloquio_arquivos_arquivos /comunicacoes/gt1/sessao6/Antonio_Rufi no.pdf>.  VIEIRA, Antonio Rufino. Marxismo e libertação: estudos sobre Ernst Bloch e Enrique Dussel. São Leopoldo: Nova Harmonia, 2010.  RAULET, Gérard (Organizador). Utopie - marxisme selon Ernst Bloch: un sistème de l’inconstructible. Paris: Payot, 1976.  ZECCHI, Stefano. Ernest Bloch: Utopia y Esperanza en el Comunismo [1974]. Trad. esp. de Enric Pérez Nadal, Barcellona: Península, 1978.  

GEODIVERSIDADE E A PRÁTICA DE CAMPOS (ROTEIROS ESCOLARES) NO LITORAL COMO SUBSÍDIOS AO ENSINO DE GEOGRAFIA (FÍSICA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 1006-1018
Author(s):  
Ana Alexandre Santos Rodrigues ◽  
Francisco Asis Aquino Bezerra Filho ◽  
Jáder Onofre de Morais ◽  
Lidrana De Souza Pinheiro
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Classical Literature ◽  
The West ◽  
Field Practice ◽  
Teachers And Students

As práticas de campo proporcionam aos discentes uma proximidade com o cotidiano. A metodologia proposta no estudo sugere uma divulgação simplificada do conhecimento cientifico da Planície Litorânea de Almofala, propondo rotas de acesso didáticas para práticas de campo que auxiliem os professores das escolas de Itarema. Para a complementação teórica foram considerados como base os inventários da Geodiversidade cientifica do litoral oeste do estado do Ceará, realizados no âmbito do projeto PRONEX. Isso foi feito por pesquisadores de várias Instituições de Ensino Superior do Ceará, e a literatura clássica local. Enquanto resultados discutidos, considerou-se que estes roteiros de práticas de campo podem ser estabelecidos e decididos em conjunto, entre professores e alunos. Tendo como base o mapa interpretativo dos roteiros, com intuito de realizar o reconhecimento e entendimento da dinâmica costeira.Palavras-chave: Educação; Geodiversidade; Planície Litorânea. ABSTRACTField practices provide students with a closeness to daily life. The methodology proposed in the study suggests a simplified dissemination of scientific knowledge of the Almofala Coastal Plain, proposing didactic access routes for field practices that help teachers of Itarema schools. For theoretical complementation, the inventories of the scientific geodiversity of the west coast of the state of Ceará, carried out under the PRONEX project were considered. It was done by researchers from various Higher Education Institutions in Ceará, and its local classical literature. As results discussed, it was considered that these field practice roadmaps can be jointly established and decided between teachers and students. Based on the interpretative map of the roadmaps, in order to recognize and understand the coastal dynamics.Keywords: Education; Geodiversity; Coastal plain. RESUMENLas prácticas de campo ofrecen a los estudiantes una cercanía a la vida diaria. La metodología propuesta en el estudio sugiere una divulgación simplificada del conocimiento científico sobre la llanura costera de Almofala, proponiendo rutas de acceso didáctico para prácticas de campo que ayudan a los docentes de las escuelas de Itarema. Para la complementación teórica fueron considerados como información base los inventarios de la geodiversidad científica de la costa oeste del estado de Ceará, realizados en el ámbito del proyecto PRONEX. Fue realizado por investigadores de varias instituciones de educación superior en Ceará, y la literatura clásica local. En cuanto a los resultados discutidos, se consideró que estas hojas de ruta de prácticas de campo pueden ser establecidas y escogidas conjuntamente entre docentes y estudiantes, con base en el mapa interpretativo de ruta, con el fin de reconocer y comprender la dinámica costera de esta región.Palabras clave: Educación; Geodiversidad; Llanura costera.

THEORY OF LAW AND PHILOSOPHY OF LAW AS THEORETICAL DISCOURSES: SPECIFICS AND RELATIONSHIP

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Вадим Леонидович Афанасьевский
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Theory ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Philosophy Of Law ◽  
The West ◽  
Scientific Creativity ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Theory Of Law ◽  
The Relationship

В статье анализируется проблема взаимоотношений философии права и научной теории права. Рассматриваемая проблема стала особенно актуальной в российском образовательном пространстве в связи с введением после длительного перерыва в государственный образовательный стандарт магистратуры по юриспруденции учебной дисциплины «Философия права». Автор статьи в качестве базисного принимает тезис, согласно которому философия права, являясь сферой философской мысли, и теория права как область научного социогуманитарного знания представляют собой разные типы теоретического дискурса. Исходя из этого, в статье выстраивается теоретическая концепция, согласно которой задачей философии права как философского типа мышления является конструирование или экспликация онтологических, эпистемологических, аксиологических, феноменологических оснований для формирования и функционирования научных теоретико-правовых и историко-правовых построений. Для реализации поставленной в статье задачи подробно рассматриваются ключевые характеристики как теории философского типа, так и идеалов, норм и характеристик научного знания. Выявленное различие экстраполируется на взаимоотношение теории права как продукта научного творчества и философии права как конструкции, задающей базовые мировоззренческие смыслы. В качестве примера выработанных философией права и государства оснований научных теорий прогресса, государства, морали и права, автор приводит взгляды мыслителей западноевропейской философской классики: Т. Гоббса, Ж.-Ж. Руссо, И. Канта, Г.В.Ф. Гегеля. Именно их философские концепции предопределили образы теоретико- и историко-правовых учений XVIII, XIX, XX и даже начала XXI в. Таким образом, отношение философии права и теории права выстраивается по «вертикали»: от онтологического основания к возведению теоретико-правовых и историко-правовых научных построений. The article analyzes the problem of the relationship between the philosophy of law and the scientific theory of law. The problem under consideration has become especially urgent in the Russian educational space in connection with the introduction of the Philosophy of Law discipline master's degree in law after a long break. The author of the article takes as the basis the thesis that the philosophy of law, being the sphere of philosophical thought, and the theory of law as a field of scientific socio-humanitarian knowledge are different types of theoretical discourse. Based on this, the article builds a theoretical concept according to which the task of the philosophy of law as a philosophical type of thinking is the construction or explication of ontological, epistemological, axiological, phenomenological grounds for the formation and functioning of concrete scientific theoretical and legal and historical and legal constructions. To implement the task posed in the article, the key characteristics of both a theory of a philosophical type and ideals, norms and characteristics of scientific knowledge are examined in detail. The revealed difference is extrapolated to the relationship between the theory of law as a product of scientific creativity and the philosophy of law as a construction that sets basic philosophical meanings. As an example of the foundations of the scientific theories of progress, state, morality and law developed by the philosophy of law and the state, the author gives the views and thinkers of the West European philosophical classics T. Hobbes, J.-J. Russo, I. Kant, G.V.F. Hegel. It was their philosophical concepts that predetermined the images of theoretical and historical-legal doctrines of the XVIII, XIX, XX and even the beginning of the XXI centuries. Thus, the attitude of the philosophy of law and the theory of law is built along the «vertical»: from the ontological foundation to the construction of theoretical and historical and historical legal scientific constructions.

International Perspectives on Assessment in Music Education

2019 ◽  
pp. 511-527
Author(s):  
Alexandra Kertz-Welzel
Keyword(s):  
Public School ◽  
Music Education ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Education Assessment ◽  
Teaching Philosophies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Assessment Culture ◽  
International Perspectives ◽  
Musical Knowledge ◽  
Music Education Policy

Music education is part of the public school curriculum in many countries, as either a compulsory or an elective subject. While it offers many young people an opportunity to acquire musical knowledge and skills, it also has its challenges. Being part of the public school curriculum results in a need for assessment in music education. While some problems related to assessment are similar internationally (e.g., concerning music as art), assessment in different countries varies. It depends on various factors such as the general assessment culture, the goals of education, music education policy, individual teaching philosophies, and school culture. By utilizing approaches from comparative music education, philosophy, and sociology of music education, this chapter analyzes music education assessment policies and practices in different countries. By scrutinizing global similarities and differences, it proposes new approaches to assessment that may help address some of the challenges the global music education community faces today.

scholarly journals Modeling and Analysis on Teacher-Student Relationship

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Li Xu ◽  
Qi Yang
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Model ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Reciprocal Relations ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Teacher Student ◽  
Teacher Student Relationship ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Student Relationship ◽  
The Relationship

Although the teacher-student relationship has been addressed in some studies, the cooperation or reciprocal relations between teachers and students have not been explored sufficiently. In this paper, a difference equation model is applied to express the relationship, stability analysis at the positive steady state of the discrete model is done to verify that the performance output is not empty, and hypothesis testing is conducted to show the validity of the model by means of sample data from a college. Then some reasonable suggestions are proposed to improve the performance output of teachers and students.

Knowing by Doing: The Role of Geometrical Practice in Aristotle’s Theory of Knowledge

Elenchos ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Ugaglia
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Theory Of Knowledge ◽  
States Of Mind ◽  
General Process ◽  
The Real ◽  
Analogical Model ◽  
Primary Function ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

Abstract Aristotle’s way of conceiving the relationship between mathematics and other branches of scientific knowledge is completely different from the way a contemporary scientist conceives it. This is one of the causes of the fact that we look at the mathematical passages we find in Aristotle’s works with the wrong expectation. We expect to find more or less stringent proofs, while for the most part Aristotle employs mere analogies. Indeed, this is the primary function of mathematics when employed in a philosophical context: not a demonstrative tool, but a purely analogical model. In the case of the geometrical examples discussed in this paper, the diagrams are not conceived as part of a formalized proof, but as a work in progress. Aristotle is not interested in the final diagram but in the construction viewed in its process of development; namely in the figure a geometer draws, and gradually modifies, when he tries to solve a problem. The way in which the geometer makes use of the elements of his diagram, and the relation between these elements and his inner state of knowledge is the real feature which interests Aristotle. His goal is to use analogy in order to give the reader an idea of the states of mind involved in a more general process of knowing.

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