scholarly journals Consumers’ expenditure patterns and shopping preferences in underdeveloped urban areas: The critical case of Tshwane

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 455-465
Author(s):  
Michael Colin Cant ◽  
Catherine Mpolokeng Sephapo
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Household Expenditure ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Expenditure Patterns ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Spending Patterns

This paper investigates the household expenditure patterns and shopping preferences of consumers residing in underdeveloped blackurban areas in the Tshwane area. Black households are already by far the largest group in the middle-income (LSM 5-8) market, where their numbers continue to grow steadily (Chase, Legoete& van Wamelen, 2010:2). Past research provides oddments of general spending patterns in South Africa among the population at large; however, this study focuses specifically on the area of Tshwane. Although the sample size was not representative of the entire population, the results provide a picture of what and how black consumers residing in this area spend their household income. A quantitative approach was used for this study where a survey questionnaire was used as a method for collecting data. The results showed that although the income of the sample population was not high, basic needs were fulfilled and the concept of keeping costs low did not come at the expense of the quality of goods and services.

scholarly journals DINAMIKA USAHA, PENDAPATAN DAN POLA PENGELUARAN KONSUMSI PETAMBAK GARAM DI DESA PINGGIRPAPAS, KECAMATAN KALIANGET, KABUPATEN SUMENEP

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Azizi ◽  
Manadiyanto Manadiyanto ◽  
Sonny Koeshendrajana
Keyword(s):  
Junior High School ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Household Expenditure ◽  
Expenditure Patterns ◽  
Salt Production ◽  
Business Income ◽  
Status Level ◽  
Expenditure Pattern

Usaha garam berperan penting dalam pendapatan rumah tangga. Usaha garam tersebut mengalami fluktuasi dari tahun ke tahun, berakibat terhadap pendapatan dan pengeluaran rumah tangga. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji karakteristik sosial ekonomi dan dinamika usaha tambak garam, tingkat pendapatan dan pengeluaran dari berbagai sumber mata pencaharian. Metode survey digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Sebanyak 32 sampel responden diambil secara acak dan dimonitor secara periodik. Data primer dan sekunder digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi karakteristik responden, tingkat pendapatan dan pola pengeluaran rumah tangga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 46,87% responden usaha petambak garam berpendidikan setingkat SLTP dengan kisaran pengalaman usaha 10 sampai 20 tahun. Tanggungan keluarga petambak garam berkisar antara 3- 6 orang. Kepemilikan lahan tambak garam 70,60% milik sendiri dan sisanya sebagai penggarap. Pendapatan zpetambak garam pada tahun 2007 adalah Rp. 31.900.000 dan pendapatan pada tahun 2008 mengalami kenaikan menjadi Rp. 46.700.000, sedangkan tingkat pendapatan pada tahun 2009 petambak garam mengalami penurunan sekitar Rp.5.950.000 sehingga menjadi sebesar Rp. 40.750.000. Sumber pendapatan petambak garam yang hanya mengandalkan dari usaha garam, 53,13% patambak garam yang sumber pendapatannya dari garam dan perikanan adalah 28,12%, sedangkan petambak garam yang mata pencahariannya lebih dari dua adalah hanya 12,50%. Pengeluaran untuk konsumsi rumah tangga pada tahun 2008 adalah sebesar Rp.15.444.000/tahun sedangkan pada tahun 2009 mengalamikenaikan menjadi Rp. 19.624.000. Tittle: Dynamics of Business, income and expenditure patterns of Salt Farmers in Pinggirpapas Village, Kalianget of the Regency of Sumenep.Salts production business plays an important role in the household income. This type of business is continued to fluctuate from year to year. This situation affect on household’ revenue and expenditure. This research was aimed to analyse social and economic characteristics and dynamics of salt production business, level of income from various source of livelihood, and expenditure pattern of salt farmer household. A survey method was used in this study. Thirdty-two (32) respondent were randomly selected and monitored periodically. Primary and secondary data were collected. Data covered characteristic of respondents, business status, level of income and source and expenditure pattern of selected households. Results of the study illuetrated that educational level of salt farmer was mostly a junior high school (46.87%), while business experiences range from 10 to 20 years. Family size was relative large(3-6 person/household). 70.60% of respondents are owner, while the remaining ones are tenants. In 2007, salt farmer’s income was IDR 31.9 million, while in 2008 the income was increase to be IDR 46.7 million, then it was decreased by 5.95 million to become IDR 40.75 million. Salt farmer household who depended mainly on salt production business was 53.13%, while who depended on both salt business and fisheries and more than two source of income were 28.12% and 12.50%, respectively. In 2008, household expenditure of salt farmer was IDR 15.4 million, then it increased sharply to be IDR 19.6 million.

Household Expenditure Patterns

1982 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUNG-PING CHEN ◽  
KWANG-WEN CHU
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Household Expenditure ◽  
Consumer Spending ◽  
Retirement Benefits ◽  
Expenditure Patterns ◽  
Family Head ◽  
Spending Patterns ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family

Family expenditures during different stages of the family life cycle (as indicated by the age of the family head) are analyzed to determine how consumer spending patterns vary. A model of expenditures for consumer goods is constructed, and a life cycle hypothesis of consumer spending is tested. Age of family head was found to have significant influence on expenditures for each of 17 budget items. Compared with nonaged groups, the aged spend more on food, household utilities, medical care, personal care, and gifts and contributions; they allocate less to clothing, house furnishings and equipment, automobile purchase and operations, education, and recreation. For shelter, household operations, and other transportation the patterns are mixed relative to expenditures by middle-aged and young groups. Some of the social and legislative implications of these findings—more accurate measurement of the effect of inflation on retirement benefits, for example—are suggested.

scholarly journals An investigation into consumers’ apparel purchase patterns within black urban areas of Tshwane, South Africa

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-281
Author(s):  
Michael Colin Cant ◽  
Jan Wiid ◽  
Catherine Mpolokeng Sephapo
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Survey Questionnaire ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Expenditure Patterns ◽  
Purchase Patterns ◽  
Over Time

The primary aim of this research paper is to investigate the clothing expenditure patterns of consumers residing in black urban areas in the Tshwane area of South Africa. Housing, food and clothing are generally perceived as the most basic needs that people have throughout their lives. Demand for these items is generally expected to increase over time as consumer income increases and expenditure is expected to increase as income increases (Dyer, Hou & Dyer, 2004). Households in black urban areas are already by far the largest group in the middle-income (LSM 5-8) market, where their figures maintain to growth gradually (Chase, Legoete & van Wamelen, 2010:2). A quantitative approach was used for this study where a survey questionnaire was used as a method for collecting data. In order to satisfy research objectives of the study, a self-administered location based survey was distributed to the residents of Shoshanguve, Mamelodi and Attridgeville; Black urban areas within the Tshwane region of South Africa.

Consumer Cooperatives and Worker Collectives

1984 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Sommer ◽  
Deborah Schlanger ◽  
Robert Hackman ◽  
Steven Smith
Keyword(s):  
Learning Opportunities ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Private Firms ◽  
Northern California ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Cooperative Movement ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Consumer Cooperatives

Motives and demographic characteristics of members of democratically controlled businesses in northern California and Oregon are described. Participants are young, well-educated, and low to middle income. Compared to private firms offering similar goods or services, members perceive co-ops and collectives as superior in social atmosphere, price, learning opportunities, quality of goods and services, and honest merchandising; as less satisfactory in amount of time devoted to membership obligations. The collectives are more committed to social objectives than are the consumer cooperatives. There is little overlap among the motives or the membership in the two organizational formats. Implications of the diverse motives and membership for the spread of the cooperative movement are discussed.

scholarly journals Attributes of Housing Mismatch Framework in Urban Areas

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Ahmad Fawwaz Saleh ◽  
Ting Kien Hwa ◽  
Rohayu Ab Majid ◽  
Muhammad Hilmi Mohamad@Masri
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Real Estate Market ◽  
Housing Demand ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Housing Industry ◽  
Main Components

Housing industry is constantly faced with various phenomena of the real estate market. The gamble between elements of supply and demand in the housing industry segmentation is shaping the market situation. However, the expected balance between supply and demand is difficult to achieve, even in the long run. Therefore, this study aims to examine the key factors that contribute to the level of demand in a real estate market. Respondents representing buyers of area studies have questioned on their consideration of the factors that might influence their decision in-house purchasing. Three main components such as housing regulation, geographical spatial location, and housing product have been expanded with seven subcomponent and 37 elements. Data were collected through a preliminary survey from sample population at study area of Wangsa Maju, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, which experienced with housing mismatch phenomena. Data has been analysed by using SPSS software in generated the mean score for each of element. The results indicate that 18 of the 36 items reported average rating at values more than 3.0. This shows that three main components of the study indeed affect home buyers as well as lead to the level of housing demand in the housing market. Documentation of this aspect in urban areas will make local communities, government, and private institution appreciate and improvise better decision-making for residential development to decrease a gap. Thus, better enhancement in quality of life by the stakeholders will create a strong sense of community identity and belonging to the places.Keywords: Housing mismatch; Urban Areas; Dissimilarity; Quality of life© 2017. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.

scholarly journals Household expenditure on life and health insurance

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 305-317
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Wicka
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Life Insurance ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Household Expenditure ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Public Facilities ◽  
White Collar Workers ◽  
Expenditure Structure

The increasing wealth in society is accompanied by the growing demand for life and health insurance. In recent years, there has been a rising interest in insurance products offering consumers access to private healthcare facilities, which ensure shorter waiting times for an appointment with a specialist than in public facilities, as well as quick diagnosis and high quality of services. The aim of the study was to determine the level of health and life insurance expenditure in different household types. Their position in the overall household expenditure structure and in the expenditure on consumer goods and services has also been determined. In 2015–2019 the number of consumers purchasing health policies, both individual and institutional, has more than doubled and their spending on health insurance was 84% higher in 2019 than in 2015. The largest amount for the purchase of life and health insurance was allocated in the households consisting of white-collar workers (more than 131 PLN per person yearly), while the lowest in farmer households (more than 30 PLN per person yearly).

scholarly journals The expenditure patterns of households receiving the State’s Old- Age Pension (SOAP) grant in Kwakwatsi Township

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T J Sekhampu ◽  
W Grobler
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Public Economics ◽  
Daily Functioning ◽  
Household Expenditure ◽  
Policy Studies ◽  
Expenditure Patterns ◽  
Social Grant ◽  
Distributional Impact

The study on which this article is based investigated the expenditure patterns of households receiving the state’s old-age pension grant. The old-age pension grant is the second-largest social grant in terms of the number of recipients and the largest when it comes to the monetary cost for the national government. The study looked at households in Kwakwatsi township receiving an old-age pension grant as the main source of income. The state’s old-age pension grant is used only for sustenance, and for buying basic household necessities. Food is the biggest household expenditure for pension grant recipients. The pension grant is also used to support additional family members, thereby reducing its distributional impact. Households spend the grant mainly on products that support the daily functioning of the household.Keywords: Social Grants, Poverty, Development Economics, Household Expenditure, Welfare Economics, Social Development, Household Income, Expenditure PatternsDisciplines: Economics, Poverty Studies, Development Studies, Policy Studies, Public Economics, Social Sciences, Health Sciences

scholarly journals Air Quality during Covid-19 Lockdown

Encyclopedia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-526
Author(s):  
Gabriele Donzelli ◽  
Lorenzo Cioni ◽  
Mariagrazia Cancellieri ◽  
Agustin Llopis-Morales ◽  
María Morales-Suárez-Varela
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
The World ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
The Impact

Air pollution exposure is one of the greatest risks to health worldwide. It is estimated to be responsible for about 4.2 million deaths around the world every year owing to many serious diseases such as heart disease, stroke, acute and chronic respiratory diseases, and lung cancer. The WHO guideline limits are exceeded in several areas around the world, and it is estimated that about 90% of the world’s population is exposed to high air pollution levels, especially in low- and middle-income countries. The COVID-19 pandemic has forced governments to implement severe mobility restriction measures to limit the spread of the virus. This represented a unique opportunity to study the impact of mobility on urban air quality. Several studies which have investigated the relations between the quality of the air and such containment measures have shown the significant reduction of the main pollutants in the urban environment so to encourage the adoption of new approaches for the improvement of the quality of air in the cities. The aims of this entry are both a brief analysis and a discussion of the results presented in several papers to understand the relationships between COVID-19 containment measures and air quality in urban areas.

Spatial Autocorrelation in the Study of Neighbourhoods towards Smart Cities: Empirical Evidence from Kerman, Iran

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Asra Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Moran’S I ◽  
Moran's I ◽  
Urban Planner ◽  
Universal Feature ◽  
Autocorrelation Method ◽  
Selection Of

From earliest cities to the present, spatial division into residential zones and neighbourhoods is the universal feature of urban areas. This study explored issue of measuring neighbourhoods through spatial autocorrelation method based on Moran's I index in respect of achieving to best neighbourhoods' model for forming cities smarter. The research carried out by selection of 35 neighbourhoods only within central part of traditional city of Kerman in Iran. The results illustrate, 75% of neighbourhoods' area in the inner city of Kerman had clustered pattern, and it shows reduction in Moran's index is associated with disproportional distribution of density and increasing in Moran's I and Z-score have monotonic relation with more dense areas and clustered pattern. It may be more efficient for urban planner to focus on spatial autocorrelation to foster neighbourhood cohesion rather than emphasis on suburban area. It is recommended characteristics of historic neighbourhoods can be successfully linked to redevelopment plans toward making city smarter, and also people's quality of life can be related to the way that neighbourhoods' patterns are defined. 

Quality indicator of the smart city transportation and logistics system

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 2116-2135
Author(s):  
G.V. Savin
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Intelligent Transportation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Logistics System ◽  
Organization And Management

Subject. The article considers functioning and development of process flows of transportation and logistics system of a smart city. Objectives. The study identifies factors and dependencies of the quality of human life on the organization and management of stream processes. Methods. I perform a comparative analysis of previous studies, taking into account the uniquely designed results, and the econometric analysis. Results. The study builds multiple regression models that are associated with stream processes, highlights interdependent indicators of temporary traffic and pollution that affect the indicator of life quality. However, the identified congestion indicator enables to predict the time spent in traffic jams per year for all participants of stream processes. Conclusions. The introduction of modern intelligent transportation systems as a component of the transportation and logistics system of a smart city does not fully solve the problems of congestion in cities at the current rate of urbanization and motorization. A viable solution is to develop cooperative and autonomous intelligent transportation systems based on the logistics approach. This will ensure control over congestion, the reduction of which will contribute to improving the life quality of people in urban areas.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document