Rethinking the defining contextualization of in-work poverty: the challenge of individualism and globalization

Growing empirical evidence reveals the dramatic expansion in the risk of in-work poverty on a global scale over the last half-century. The current article reviews research on in-work poverty, illustrates how in-work poverty developed from a regional phenomenon into a global issue, and considers recent studies that have reexamined the concept of “in-work poverty” from the original “male family head” to further call on respecting the individual perspective and gender dimension. On the one hand, few studies have provided evidence on the gendered trends in in-work poverty; women’s situation in in-work poverty has not been particularly researched, and the gender dimension is often invisible. On the other hand, the existing literature does not consider this poverty issue much in developing countries, even though this does not mean that in-work poverty in developed countries is only a “side effect.” Hence, an international comparative setting with the gender dimension is needed, and more research is required to explore this construct within the context of the developing world.

Peran Kepala Keluarga Terhadap Penerapan Protokol Kesehatan Di Kabupaten Aceh Utara

Kepala keluarga memiliki peran penting sebagai pendidikdalam upaya mencegah penularan virus Covid-19, keluarga menjadi tempat yang rawan bagi penularan virus Corona.Kondisi seperti ini tentunya berbahaya bagi anggota keluarga, karenanya diperlukan antisipasi atau pencegahan dari terpaparnya Covid-19 didalam keluarga, salah satunya melalui peran kepala keluarga.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran kepala keluarga dengan penerapan protokol kesehatan di Desa Rawa Kecamatan Tanah Luas Kabupaten Aceh Utara.Penelitian kuantitatif ini dengan desain correlation analitik dengan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan random samplingpada53 kepala keluarga. Analisis uji statistic menggunakan Uji Chi-Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa sebanyak 39,6%peran kepala keluarga berada pada kategori kurang dansebanyak 69,8%kepala keluarga tidak menerapkan protokol kesehatan.Ada hubungan yang signifikan hubungan peran kepala keluarga terhadap penerapan protokol kesehatan di Desa Rawa Kecamatan Tanah Luas Kabupaten Aceh Utara dengan nilai (p value = 0,000; α = 0,05).Diharapkan untuk optimalisasi sosialisasi dan edukasi tentang protokol Covid-19 dan peran kepala keluarga dalam masyarakat dengan melibatkan tokoh adat, alim ulama dan tokoh masyarakat, mengoptimalkan gerakan sosialisasi dan penyebarluasan informasi penanganan Covid-19. Kata kunci:kepala keluarga; protokol; covid-19The Role Of Family Head On The Implementation Of Health Protocol In Aceh Utara RegencyAbstractThe head of the family has an important role as an educator in an effort to prevent the transmission of the Covid-19 virus; the family becomes a vulnerable place for the transmission of the Corona virus. One of which is through the role of the head of the family. This study was aimed to determine the role of the head of the family with the implementation of health protocols in Rawa Village, Tanah Luas District, North Aceh Regency. This quantitative study was an analytical correlation design with a sampling technique using random sampling of 53 families. Statistical test analysis used Chi-Square Test. The results showed that as many as 39.6% of the role of the head of the family were in the fewer categories and as many as 69.8% of the head of the family did not apply the health protocol. There is a significant relationship between the role of the head of the family on the implementation of health protocols in Rawa Village, Tanah Luas District, North Aceh Regency with a value (p value = 0.000; = 0.05). It is expected to optimize socialization and education about the Covid-19 protocol and the role of family heads in society by involving traditional leaders, religious scholars and community leaders, optimizing the socialization movement and disseminating information on handling Covid-19. Keywords: family head; protocol; covid-19

Brother, Uncle, and Patriarch: a Northern Song “Family Man”

This is a case study of Han Qi (1008–1075), one of the most influential statesmen in the Northern Song. Drawing on his funerary biographical work and other writing, it places at the forefront Han's family life and relationships, especially his role as a brother, uncle, and family head. The goal of the study is threefold: first, to establish Han as a “family man,” in contrast to his conventional image as an outstanding political figure; second, to illustrate how seemingly random occurrences shaped Han's life and fortune in significant ways. Finally, this essay aims to enrich scholarly understanding of family preservation in the Northern Song. For many years, the possibility of the Hans failing in this regard remained a source of anxiety for Han Qi. This fear shaped his interaction with members of the younger generations in tangible ways and created noticeable undertones in his writing on family matters.

Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pendapatan rumah tangga miskin di Kota Jambi

Jambi City has several impoverished residents, which is counted 16.632 with the family head. 1) The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of social and economic income of poor household heads in Jambi city 2) Analyzing the influence of education level, type of work, and the number of dependents significantly partially affect the income of poor household heads in Jambi City. With data primary and analyze descriptive and double regression. The results of this study are the level of education, type of work, and the number of simultaneously significant effects on the income of poor heads of households. The level of education, the type of work, and the number of dependents partially have a positive and significant impact on the income of poor household heads. The most dominant independent variables affecting the income of poor household heads in Jambi City are the dependent variable variables.

Female Family-Head Resilience in Building Family Food Security in New Normal Adaptation of Covid-19 Pandemic

The problem in this research is that women access of providing food is limited due to Covid-19 pandemic, insufficient skills and education as well as poverty. The aim is to describe and analyze the capacity of poor women as family head in strengthening food security in the new normal period. The focus of this research is the family head of poor women in the city of Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. The results showed that the resilience of poor women's household heads was hindered by the legal identity they did not have after divorcing from their husbands. A legal identity will provide a foundation for women to access closed opportunities, because poor women do not understand legal identity is a prerequisite for accessing assistance in poverty alleviation programs. Fortunately, these poor women head of households have excellent resilience to maintain food security for their families. Their resilience is currently heavier than the monetary crisis in 1989-1999, because at this time they have to compete with others who are more knowledgeable in information technology. As the recommendations, the results of this study are aimed at the city government of Surakarta to develop a different affirmative strategy to strengthen family food security, especially for poor female household heads.

Socioeconomic determinants of primary school children dropout: a case study of Pakistan

PurposeThe main purpose of this study is to identify the socioeconomic determinants of dropout from primary schools and to give policy suggestions to address the issue.Design/methodology/approachA total of 600 dropout and enrolled respondents were selected from 60 government primary schools of district Chiniot. School heads and parents of dropout children were taken as samples. The results were obtained by employing the Probit regression model.FindingsNumbers of family members, age of the family head, exchange marriage and poverty status have positive relationship with dropout from primary schools. The findings revealed a higher rate of dropout among girls, which is a major cause of concern.Practical implicationsEducation is regarded as a basic human right and a valuable human capital. It is included in Millennium Development Goals to achieve universal primary education and in Sustainable Development Goals as quality education. Underdeveloped countries are facing the problems of high dropout and lack of quality education, especially in Pakistan. These problems need to be addressed to keep pace with developed nations and to meet development goals.Originality/valueIt is recommended that government should create employment opportunities, family planning programs, legislature measures on exchange marriage and child labor. The involvement in co-curricular activities in learning and usage of audio-visual aids in the teaching process can improve the enrollment in the primary schools.

Women's Stereotypes in the Implementation of Reproductive and Productive Roles in Women Farmers' Households

<p><em><span lang="EN-ID">The role of the wife has an essential contribution in the household as the smallest unit in household life. Stereotypes are specific labels attached to women in their roles as wives, mothers, and in society. The research aims to analyze stereotypes among women who work as processed food producers to implement household gender roles. The method in this research uses descriptive qualitative. The study results show that the pattern of household gender relations for Ngudi Rejeki Women Farmer Group members is equal. Household problems may resolve on their own or require discussion. Ngudi Rejeki Women Farmer Group members work as a processed food producer with a processed product entity made from Moringa leaves. The stereotype of responsibility is held husband as the family head and the housewife as the wife's prominent role, in the household function the husband as the primary breadwinner and the wife as the additional breadwinner. In implementing the reproductive role, the wife has a more prominent role and the husband only a helping hand.</span></em></p><p class="abstrak"> </p><p class="abstrak">Peranan istri memiliki berkontribusi penting dalam rumah tangga sebagai unit terkecil dalam kehidupan rumah tangga. Stereotip merupakan pelabelan tertentu yang melekat pada perempuan dalam perannya sebagai istri, ibu, dan pada masyarakat. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis stereotip pada perempuan produsen makanan olahan dalam pelaksanaan peran gender rumah tangga. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pola relasi gender rumah tangga anggota KWT Ngudi Rejeki ke arah setara. Permasalahan rumah tangga dapat selesai dengan sendirinya atau memerlukan pembahasan. Anggota KWT Ngudi Rejeki bekerja sebagai produsen makanan olahan dengan entitas produk olahan berbahan dasar daun kelor. Stereotip dalam hal tanggung jawab yaitu kepala keluarga dikonstruksikan sebagai tanggung jawab suami dan ibu rumah tangga menjadi tanggung jawab istri, pada fungsi rumah tangga dikonstruksikan suami sebagai pencari nafkah utama dan istri sebagai pencari nafkah tambahan, dan pada pelaksanaan peran reproduktif mengonstruksikan istri memiliki peran yang lebih utama dan suami sekedar membantu.</p>

EXPLORING THE HIDDEN CUSTOM OF PUKHTUNWALI WITH REFERENCE TO CONFLICT RESOLUTION AMONG PUKHTUN SOCIETY

Purpose of the study: The purpose of the current study is designed to explore the hidden custom among Pukhtuns’ society (Nanawati) as a traditional mechanism for conflict resolution. Methodology: A cross-sectional-based research design was conducted with the sole aim to explore the role of Nanawage in the conflict resolution process among Pukhtun inhabitants in District Dir Lower Khyber Pukhtunkhwa. The potential sampled respondents of the study were household heads particularly elders/ Jirgmar (mediators)/ religious leaders/ and those who practiced and observed Nanawate as the traditional mechanism of conflict resolution from 217 respondents out of 420 Household Head as per Sekaran (2003) criteria through proportional allocation method. Descriptive (univaraite) and inferential statistics (bivaraite analysis) was used to ascertain the level of association among practiced of Nanwati (independent variable) and conflict resolution (dependent variable) through the application of chi-square test statistics. Main Findings: Based on the results Nanawate is widely practiced by Pakhtun inhabitants locally by the virtue of gray beard (Speengeries), religious clergies (Mullas), and family head. Moreover, religion also plays a vital role as a mediator among two party’s conflicts through the perpetuation of Nanawate as it to be believed satisfactory, while not the rejection of Nanawate by someone may consider as damnation on that party who negated the contribution of the religious institution. Applications of this study: Exposing the role of Nanawate in terms of conflict resolution particularly is the order of the day through awareness and social media at the macro (government/ non-government sectors) and micro-level (familial and community level), with the collaboration of by giving a legal status in judiciary system will dethrone the conflicting situation among local inhabitants through the hidden custom of Nanawate were put forward some of the recommendations in light of the present study. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study is designed to explore the hidden custom deliverance of Nanawate (a traditional mechanism) in conflict resolution with reference to Pakhtun’s society through perceptional based study, along with quantitative research designs to measure the association between the practicing of Nanawate in conflict resolution system among Pakhtun’s tribe.

Decision Making System Determination of assistance Home renovation With Weight product and simplle additive weighting

Home used for shelter, .[1][2] communities don’t have home, its because poverty factor. .[3] The government has a program that can eradicate poverty, one of which is a home renovation program. Data obtained from about poverty rate in Lampung province amounted to 13.01% in September 2018, [4] This Program is given to residents according to the criteria specified. Currently A home renovation program is still subjective, This research uses the method WP and saw There are 11 criteria , it needs to solve this problem. They are Work, land Status of residence, Wall house, drinking water source, fuel for cooking, MCK Condition, consumption (meat, milk, chicken) per year, highest education of family head, family head income, roof structure, floor type

AN INSTRUMENT FOR ASSESSING THE PERFORMANCE OF UNIVERSITY RESEARCH WITH A GESI-PERSPECTIVE

GESI (Gender Equality and Social Inclusion) is one of the important issues of the world’s concern. For instance, based on UN data, it is estimated that 70% of women are the poorest group in the world. In addition, family head women (the backbone of the family), poor women, the elderly people, people with disabilities, children, minority groups, indigenous peoples, laborers, domestic servants, disaster victims, and other marginalized groups in the frontier, outermost, and isolated regions are still excluded from many university research programs in Indonesia. Therefore, universities need to be encouraged to focus their research activities on GESI. This research was aimed at developing an outcome-based instrument for assessing the performance of university research with a GESI perspective. To achieve this objective, the research method used was instrument development, including three stages, namely preliminary stage (theoretical review), product development stage (theoretical test), and product implementation stage (instrument test). Expert judgment (Borg & Gall, 2003) was employed for the content validity test and Principal Component Analysis (Rigner, 2008) was adopted for the data analysis. The outcome of the research was an Outcome-based Instrument for Assessing the Performance of University Research with a GESI perspective. The result of the research has an implication for the need to improve the quality of research focusing on GESI for lecturers.