scholarly journals Sentinel-1 Satellite Radar Images: a New Source of Information on River Channel Dynamics: Lower Vistula River, Poland.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaudia Kryniecka ◽  
Artur Magnuszewski ◽  
Artur Radecki-Pawlik
Keyword(s):  
Research Area ◽  
River Channel ◽  
Bedload Transport ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Empirical Formulas ◽  
Daily Movement ◽  
Channel Dynamics ◽  
Radar Images ◽  
Vistula River ◽  
Optical Satellite Images

The amount of sediments transported by a river is very difficult to estimate, however this parameter has an important influence on channel geometry. It is possible to estimate the bedload transport rate per unit width of a river channel by measuring bedform profiles’ migration distance (Δl) in time (Δt) and depth of bedload in motion (hb). Another method is instrumental measurements using bedload traps and empirical formulas. Sentinel-1 images at mid latitudes have a temporal resolution of 2–3 days and spatial resolution of 25 m, which allows them to be used on large rivers. The research area in this paper is the Lower Vistula River from km 814 to km 820, where seven alternate sandbars were selected. The coast lines of the sandbars were delineated on Sentinel-1 images taken during two low flow periods 2018.08.04–09.26 and 2019.07.01–08.31 with similar discharges at low flow phase on the hydrograph. From water stage observations at the Chełmno and Grudziądz gauge stations, water elevations were assigned to every coast line of the alternate sandbars. The centers, volumes and longitudinal profile of the alternate sandbars were calculated. Average daily movement of the sandbars in the period 2018.08.04–2019.07.01 was calculated as 0.97 m·day˗1. Similar alternate sandbar movement velocities were obtained from a study of Sentinel-2 optical satellite images and hydro-acoustic measurements on the Lower Vistula River. Having the height of the alternate sandbars and velocity of movement, it was possible to calculate the rate of the bedload transport as qb = 5 kg·s˗1·m˗1. This value is similar to results of empirical formulas accepted for use on large lowland rivers in Poland: Goncarov – 5 kg·s˗1·m˗1, Samov – 3 kg·s˗1·m˗1; Meyer-Peter and Müller – 9 kg·s˗1·m˗1; Skibiński (1976) – 15 kg·s˗1·m˗1. The novelty of this research is showing the use of Sentinel-1 images for the study of river channel dynamics and calculation of bedload transport.

scholarly journals Application of Satellite Sentinel-2 Images to Study Alternate Sandbars Movement at Lower Vistula River (Poland)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1505
Author(s):  
Klaudia Kryniecka ◽  
Artur Magnuszewski
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Images ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Visual Interpretation ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Manual Delineation ◽  
Vistula River ◽  
Interclass Correlation ◽  
Optical Satellite Images ◽  
Sentinel 2

The lower Vistula River was regulated in the years 1856–1878, at a distance of 718–939 km. The regulation plan did not take into consideration the large transport of the bed load. The channel was shaped using simplified geometry—too wide for the low flow and overly straight for the stabilization of the sandbar movement. The hydraulic parameters of the lower Vistula River show high velocities of flow and high shear stress. The movement of the alternate sandbars can be traced on the optical satellite images of Sentinel-2. In this study, a method of sandbar detection through the remote sensing indices, Sentinel Water Mask (SWM) and Automated Water Extraction Index no shadow (AWEInsh), and the manual delineation with visual interpretation (MD) was used on satellite images of the lower Vistula River, recorded at the time of low flows (20 August 2015, 4 September 2016, 30 July 2017, 20 September 2018, and 29 August 2019). The comparison of 32 alternate sandbar areas obtained by SWM, AWEInsh, and MD manual delineation methods on the Sentinel-2 images, recorded on 20 August 2015, was performed by the statistical analysis of the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The distance of the shift in the analyzed time intervals between the image registration dates depends on the value of the mean discharge (MQ). The period from 30 July 2017 to 20 September 2018 was wet (MQ = 1140 m3 × s−1) and created conditions for the largest average distance of the alternate sandbar shift, from 509 to 548 m. The velocity of movement, calculated as an average shift for one day, was between 1.2 and 1.3 m × day−1. The smallest shift of alternate sandbars was characteristic of the low flow period from 20 August 2015 to 4 September 2016 (MQ = 306 m3 × s−1), from 279 to 310 m, with an average velocity from 0.7 to 0.8 m × day−1.

Development of Model for Acoustic Noise Generated from Bedload in Rivers 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Nasr ◽  
Thomas Geay ◽  
Sébastien Zanker ◽  
Recking Alain
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Impact Velocity ◽  
Acoustic Noise ◽  
Acoustic Power ◽  
Bedload Transport ◽  
Empirical Formulas ◽  
Impact Rate ◽  
Flux Measurements ◽  
The Impact

<p>Quantifying bedload transport is important for many applications such as river management and hydraulic structures protection. Bedload flux measurements can be achieved using physical sampler methods. However, these methods are expensive, time-consuming, and difficult to operate during high discharge events. Besides, these methods do not permit to capture the spatial and temporal variability of bedload transport flux. Recently, alternative measuring technologies have been developed to continuously monitor bedload flux and grain size distribution using passive or active sensors. Among them, the hydrophone was used to monitor bedload transport by recording the sounds generated by bedload particles colliding on the river bed (referred as self-generated noise SGN). The acoustic power of SGN was correlated with bedload flux in field experiments. To better understand these experimental results and to estimate measurement uncertainties, we developed a theoretical model to simulate the SGN. The model computes an estimation of the power spectral density (PSD)by considering the contribution of all signals generated by impacts between bedload particles and the riverbed, and accounting for the attenuation of the acoustic signal between the source and the hydrophone position due to river propagation effects,. In this model, we</p><p>The energy of acoustic noise generated from the collision between two particles is mainly dependent on the transported particles' diameter and the impact velocity. We tested different empirical formulas for the estimation of the number of impact (impact rate) and the impact velocity depending on particle size and hydraulic conditions. To characterize the acoustic power losses as a function of distance and frequency, we used an attenuation function which was experimentally calibrated for different French rivers.</p><p>We tested the model on a field dataset comprising acoustic and bedload flux measurements. The results indicate that the PSD model allows estimating acoustic power (in between a range of one order of magnitude) for most of the rivers considered.  The model sensitivity was evaluated. In particular, we observed that it is very sensitive to the empirical formulas used to determine the impact rate and impact speed. In addition, special attention should be kept in mind on the assumption of the grain size distribution of riverbed which can generate large variability in some rivers particularly in rivers with a significant sand fraction.</p>

scholarly journals Awifauna wodno-błotna środkowej Wisły w okresie lęgowym: wpływ działalności człowieka na rozmieszczenie, liczebność i bogactwo gatunkowe

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Bukaciński ◽  
Monika Bukacińska ◽  
Arkadiusz Buczyński
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
River Channel ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Breeding Bird ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Vistula River ◽  
Breeding Habitats ◽  
Natura 2000 Site ◽  
River Bottom

The inventory of birds was conducted in the years 2005-2010 on the Vistula River section between Dęblin (388 km of the river) and Podwierzbie (435 km of the river). The study area includes a southern section of the European Ecological Natura 2000 Site in Poland PLB140004 „Middle Vistula River Valley” (IBA, PL083). In most areas the Vistula flows here within unregulated or relatively little modified riverbed, having features of natural, lowland, braided river. Sandy islands and braid bars within the main channel, steep banks, and old riparian afforestation create the unique breeding habitats of the Vistula River Valley. Especially the river channel habitats provide suitable breeding sites for many rare bird species, constituting some of them the key-breeding sites. There are, however, fragments of several kilometers, where people transformed the Vistula River in a more visible way (Table 1). These are, among others: an urban section within Dęblin boundaries (km 388-393 of the river), a fragment adjacent to Kozienice Power Plant (km 421-426), and the area, where since 2007 gravel for the industry has been mining from the river bottom (km 426-431). The aim of this inventory was the comparison of richness and abundance of breeding bird species associated directly with the river channel on fragments mentioned above. It will allow us to estimate soberly how very the intensity of human utilization of the river affects the distribution of avifauna of the Vistula, determining the richness and abundance of valuable and/or endangered species breeding in a given area.

Modern Alluvial History of the Paria Rver Drainage Basin, Southern Utah

1986 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Hereford
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
River Channel ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Vertical Accretion ◽  
Important Process ◽  
Stream Channels ◽  
History Of ◽  
Peak Flood

Stream channels in the Paria River basin were eroded and partially refilled between 1883 and 1980. Basin-wide erosion began in 1883; channels were fully entrenched and widened by 1890. This erosion occurred during the well-documented period of arroyo cutting in the Southwest. Photographs of the Paria River channel taken between 1918 and 1940 show that the channel did not have a floodplain and remained wide and deep until the early 1940s. A thin bar (<50 cm), now reworked and locally preserved, was deposited at that time. Basin-wide aggradation, which began in the early 1940s, developed floodplains by vertical accretion. The floodplain alluvium, 1.3–3 m thick. consists of two units recognizable throughout the studied area. An older unit was deposited during a time of low flow and sediment yield whereas the younger unit was deposited during times of high flow, sediment yield, and precipitation. Tree-ring dating suggests that the older unit was deposited between the early 1940s and 1956, and the younger between 1956 and 1980. The units are not time transgressive, suggesting that deposition by knickpoint recession was not an important process. High peak-flood discharges were associated with crosion and low flood discharges with aggradation. The erosional or aggradational mode of the streams was determined principally by peak-flood discharge, which in turn was controlled by precipitation.

scholarly journals Impacts of dam construction on river channel evolution: a case of Minjiang River in Southeastern China

2020 ◽  
Vol 383 ◽  
pp. 341-346
Author(s):  
Ying Yao ◽  
Wei Cui ◽  
Wen Wang ◽  
Fu-Min Ma ◽  
Ben-Yue Chen
Keyword(s):  
Storage Capacity ◽  
River Channel ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Dam Construction ◽  
Upward Movement ◽  
Southeastern China ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Channel Evolution ◽  
Minjiang River ◽  
River Bed

Abstract. The Minjiang River is the largest river in Fujian Province. In 1993, the Shuikou Reservoir, which has an effective storage capacity of 700 million m3, was built at about 161 km above the estuary. The completion of the Shuikou Dam trapped most of the upstream sediment in the reservoir area, resulting in a drastic decrease in sediment in the lower reaches of the Minjiang River. The average annual sand load at the Zhuqi Station (about 45 km below the dam) was reduced about 2∕3 after the construction of the reservoir, from 7.42 to 2.55 million t by average, resulting in severe river bed downward cutting. At the same time, the demand for the sand in Minjiang River channel is increasing year by year. The amount of mined river sand is greater than the incoming sediment deposited in the river, which intensified the downcutting of the river bed. The downcutting leads to a continuous upward movement of the tide limit in the river channel especially in the low-flow season. Meanwhile, river embankments and river-related structures are damaged, and the navigation capacity of the Minjiang River is reduced. At present, the river bed of the lower Minjiang River is not yet stable, and the river regime is in a state of constant adjustment.

scholarly journals Ice cover thickness formulas for selected flow-through lakes of the upper Łeba River (Kashubian Lakeland, northern Poland) and an overview of GIS methods, models for determining the thickness of ice cover on the selected examples

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Jacek Barańczuk
Keyword(s):  
Catchment Area ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Empirical Formulas ◽  
Water Catchment Area ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Gis Methods ◽  
Cover Thickness ◽  
Water Catchment

Abstract The lakes selected for the analysis are situated in the Kashubian Lakeland which is a proper research area as there is a benchmark lake with a long data series within the region. This lake is located in the central part of the lakeland, in the upper Radunia water catchment area, while the lakes not being hydrometrically supervised constitute part of the upper Łeba water catchment area. The main objective of this study is to determine the relationship between ice cover thickness on the flow-through lake undergoing constant hydrometric supervision and some selected flow-through lakes not being monitored. The following lakes were selected for the study: Lake Raduńskie Górne (the benchmark lake) and four hydrometrically unmonitored lakes: Długie, Wielkie, Reskowskie and Łapalickie. The fieldwork research was done in the period of 2003–2008. Moreover, in order to evaluate the data calculated with the use of empirical formulas, additional fieldwork research was carried out in 2016. The analysis made it possible to develop formulas that allowed the thickness of the ice covering the selected flow-through lakes of the upper Łeba water catchment area to be assessed with decent accuracy.

scholarly journals VERIFICATION OF EMPIRICAL FORMULAS FOR CALCULATING MEAN LOW FLOW WITH THE VIEW TO EVALUATING AVAILABLE WATER RESOURCES

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 83-92
Author(s):  
Dariusz Piotr Młyński ◽  
◽  
Andrzej Wałęga ◽  
Piotr Bugajski ◽  
Agnieszka Operacz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Empirical Formulas ◽  
Available Water
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