scholarly journals Koszty zewnętrzne transportu w Polsce

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Pawłowska
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
External Costs ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
External Effects ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Effective Transport ◽  
The Cost

The development of transport sector is very closely linked to the process of socio-economic development. The interrelations between transport and economic growth are complex and there are many feedbacks. Transport has a vital role – it brings the markets closer together, increases production, activates regions around the infrastructure, enabling other sectors to function smoothly. Transport is also the source of many significant negative externalities for the environment, society and economy. It also turns out that, despite many years of experience in the study of the external effects and costs of transport, there are still large discrepancies in approaches and research methods, as well as terminology and rules for defining the concepts. The aim of this article is to review available studies on the estimation of external costs and to estimate these costs for transport in Poland using methods recommended by the European Commission. Knowledge of the cost external of transport is the basis for the internalisation of these costs and it allow to choose the most effective transport policy instruments.

scholarly journals Influence of inflation on long-term economic growth in the context of the raw material orientation of the national economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 06003
Author(s):  
Aizhan Omarova ◽  
Zhanar Oralbaeva ◽  
Assel Turlybekova ◽  
Assiya Marat
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Inflation Targeting ◽  
Functional Dependence ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Material Orientation ◽  
High Inflation ◽  
The Cost

In modern conditions for Kazakhstan, it becomes important to choose a development model that would be the most optimal and effective. When developing a model of economic policy, special attention should be paid to the choice of a system of indicators that could adequately describe macroeconomic processes as a whole and their interconnections. At the same time, economists argue that the implementation of the model approach can become the basis for strategic decisions only in a stable economic situation and when in the period under review the change in the cost structure of GDP is not distorted by high inflation. Therefore, in modern conditions of economic development, in our opinion, it is of interest to study the relationship between economic growth and the level of current and threshold inflation. This study substantiates the role of the threshold inflation level and proposes an equation of the functional dependence of this indicator on the main economic indicators. The necessary conditions for the implementation of the inflation targeting regime are disclosed. It is concluded that in conditions of commodity dependence, new effective monetary policy instruments are required.

scholarly journals Overview of salient economic features of the modes of freight transport for use in the formulation of national transport policy in South Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wessel Pienaar
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Freight Transport ◽  
Transport Policy ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Economic Role ◽  
Cost Structures ◽  
The Cost

Defining the economic role of the various modes of freight transport should be one of the basic ingredients of both an economically rational transport policy and the effective functioning of the existing free freight transport market in South Africa. In the interest of the national economy and in the commercial interest of freight carriers, national policy on freight transport should take cognisance of (1) why governments involve themselves in transport, (2) the policy instruments of governments that affect the performance of the freight transport sector, and (3) the salient economic features of the freight transport market that should be considered in the formulation of transport policy. The goal of the research was to compile an overview of these three aspects. The research approach and methodology combine (1) a literature survey; (2) an analysis of the cost structures of freight transport modes; and (3) interviews conducted with specialists in the freight transport industry.

MAIN DIRECTIONS OF UKRAINE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND WAYS OF THE ECONOMIC CRISIS OVERCOMING

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksii Svistunov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
State Level ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Socio Economic Development

The article identifies the prerequisites, features and highlights the problematic aspects of socio-economic development of Ukraine, conducted a systematic analysis. The necessity of state regulation of transformation processes in the sphere of economy in the conditions of economic crisis is substantiated. It is noted that the protracted economic crisis in the country indicates the dominance of economic problems over many political problems, as well as their simultaneous interconnection and destructive impact on the restorative proportions between production and consumption. Among the many influential factors on the construction of a modern socio-economic system of investment, institutional factors, cluster associations and the development of information systems as complex polysystemic socio-economic entities. It is theoretically substantiated that clusters can be considered a new type of production and economic model, built on the interaction and cooperation of industrial, commercial enterprises, financial and credit and educational and scientific institutions. It is determined that in recent decades, many countries around the world are developing cluster strategies aimed at integrating financial and intellectual capital and realizing the competitive advantages of the national economy. The importance of transformations in the cultural and ideological sphere, which involve changes in the values of public consciousness, the formation of a new paradigm of humanitarian development, which is to abandon the ideology of consumption and affirm new values to balance production and demand. Public policy instruments should be aimed at removing obstacles to the formation of clusters, improving infrastructure, simplifying the mechanism for attracting sources of funding and foreign investment, and removing restrictions on the introduction of innovations. It is a comprehensive approach to solving the problems outlined at the state level that will be the key to successful modernization of Ukraine's economy and building its own model of economic growth. The key areas for improving the efficiency of management of socioeconomic processes in Ukraine, which will ensure the implementation of the model of stabilization and economic growth of the country in the near future.

scholarly journals Competencies of logistics operators for optimisation the external costs within freight logistics solution

Pomorstvo ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-127
Author(s):  
Tanja Poletan Jugović ◽  
Luka Vukić
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Marine Ecology ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
External Costs ◽  
Logistics Industry ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Freight Logistics ◽  
Logistics Market ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Of Transportation

Maritime transport logistics outgrows the competence of classic freight forwarders deleting the boundaries among forwarders, brokers, and carriers and creates a new profession, logistics operator. They are now faced with the need for careful planning and coordination among multiple parties for shifting the freight logistics industry towards more sustainable goals. Significant need for political and operational respect of principles of sustainable development, and also external costs in this context, undertakes logistics operators to review their solutions in accordance with adequate knowledge, skills, and competencies. It is particularly important in forecasting the external costs which are not a central business interest. The above mentioned competencies are described focusing on subjects (issues and knowledges) through whom logistics operators should be trained. Moreover, logistics operators have a greater responsibility towards carriers but also an opportunity to reduce not only the cost of transportation but also the external costs within the logistic supply chain. In this paper calculation of external costs is, practically, shown in the example of towing in the port. The old education programs were compared with the new demands of the market. The substantial difference was evident in the subject of Marine Ecology whose content is becoming the central issue of sustainability of transport modalities. New competencies of logistics operators will become the relevant factor of sustainable development and competitiveness on the freight logistics market. That confirm the analysed current projects about present trends in the transport sector in which the green logistics including external costs become the important and binding element of cargo flow planning.

scholarly journals Impacts of Crime on Socio-Economic Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Okpuvwie Ejuvweyere Jonathan ◽  
Akinyede Joseph Olusola ◽  
Tohozin Coovi Aime Bernadin ◽  
Toko Mouhamadou Inoussa
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
The World ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Strong Action ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Descriptive Method

Crime is as old as man and it exists in every society in respective of its level of development. The rate at which criminals operate unhindered in most societies especially in developing countries around the world is worrisome. Crime creates fear and untold suffering among people. Crime often stands as a barrier to socio-economic growth of society, discourages investment, increases the cost of transactions and ultimately fuel migration which eventually creates economic development disparities around the world. The aim of this study is to analyze the manifestation of crime the world over with a view to intimating government of all countries to have a firm control of all criminal activities in their respective countries for a better society. The approach methodology is based on a literature review of scientific journals and reports. Secondary data were sourced from both published and unpublished works as the study applies descriptive method. The main results showed various manifestations of crimes such as banditry, kidnapping, rape, stealing and murder among others. Therefore, crime fuels corruption and destabilizes development of any society.  In conclusion, crime knows no boundary nor personality as it affects people at all levels. This sad activity will continue to be a major factor of lack of socio-economic development if no strong action is taken by governments to effectively tackle the activities of criminals, terrorists and bandits around the world.   Received: 14 May 2021 / Accepted: 5 August 2021 / Published: 5 September 2021

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF INVESTMENT IN EDUCATION ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF PAKISTAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
Nayab Karim
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
School Enrollment ◽  
Education Sector ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Government ◽  
World Development

It is widely accepted that the education sector plays a vital role in the development of the economy and has a positive impact on the economic growth, this study is an attempt to explore the relationships among the investment in the human capital, physical capital and the school enrollment and its impact on the growth of Pakistan’s economy. This study focus on time series analysis, the data has traced from World Development Indicators from 1980 to 2018. The empirical results showed that the investment in physical capital and school enrollment has a positive significant impact on the growth of Pakistan’s economy. Therefore, the government of Pakistan should focus more on investment in education sector and thereby improve social prosperity.

Environmental Costs Generated by Road Freight Transport in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 138-150
Author(s):  
Joanna Domagała ◽  
Maria Zych-Lewandowska
Keyword(s):  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Freight Transport ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adverse Impact ◽  
External Costs ◽  
Environmental Costs ◽  
External Effects ◽  
Road Freight ◽  
The One ◽  
Selection Of

The sector of transport, on the one hand, contributes to the socio-economic development; on the other hand, it is the source of multiple external effects with a significant and adverse impact on the society and economy. In spite of many years' experiences in the study of external costs of transport, there are still large discrepancies in research approaches and methods. This article reviewed available studies in the scope of the estimation of external costs in transport and presented own estimations of the level of costs of climate change and air pollution generated by road freight transport in Poland. The estimation of external costs was conducted based on a method developed by Martinio et al. The obtained results of the study confirm the significant adverse effect of road freight transport on the environment. The results may be useful in the selection of appropriate transport policy instruments.

scholarly journals Rozpowszechnienie nierolniczej działalności gospodarczej na obszarach wiejskich

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 120-127
Author(s):  
Joanna Buks ◽  
Agnieszka Otłowska
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Enterprise Development ◽  
Rural Entrepreneurship ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Further Development ◽  
A Company

Rural entrepreneurship and enterprise development can stimulate local economic growth,engage young people, and recreate community’s vitality. A lively, growing rural community willencourage further growth of the regions and entrepreneurship is one of the leveraging instruments for unify a disproportion in socio-economic development of Polish regions.The paper analyses the development of non-agricultural economic activity on rural areas andshows the chances and barriers for rural entrepreneurship’s increase.Research conducted in 76 villages shows that the most popular non-rural economic activityon rural areas is trading and most of the activities have local extent. Lack of the funds forlaunching a company is the great barrier to further development of rural entrepreneurship andstructural policy instruments can be a chance to improve this situation.

An Evaluation of Provincial Macroeconomic Performance in Vietnam

2017 ◽  
pp. 34-47
Author(s):  
Hoi Le Quoc ◽  
Nam Pham Xuan ◽  
Tuan Nguyen Anh
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Institutional Transformation ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Macroeconomic Performance ◽  
Economic Development Strategy ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Development Objectives ◽  
First Time

The study was targeted at developing a methodology for constructing a macroeconomic performance index at a provincial level for the first time in Vietnam based on 4 groups of measurements: (i) Economic indicators; (ii) oriented economic indicators; (iii) socio-economic indicators; and (iv) economic - social – institutional indicators. Applying the methodology to the 2011 - 2015 empirical data of all provinces in Vietnam, the research shows that the socio-economic development strategy implemented by those provinces did not provide balanced outcomes between growth and social objectives, sustainability and inclusiveness. Many provinces focused on economic growth at the cost of structural change, equality and institutional transformation. In contrast, many provinces were successful in improving equality but not growth. Those facts threaten the long-term development objectives of the provinces.

Impact Of Human Resource Practices In Small Scale Industries In Thoothukudi District Of Tamilnadu

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 160-169
Author(s):  
Srimo Fernandas
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Small Scale Industry ◽  
Human Resource Management Practices ◽  
Small Scale Industries

In the economic growth of a country, the human factor plays a vital role. The study has been made to study the growth of small scale industries in the development of human resource management practices of in Thoothukudi district. The study has the following objectives. To study the socio-economic outline of the small scale industry owners. To understand the nature of management of the small-scale industry. To find out the motivational factors for starting small-scale industries. To analyse the average income generated by different activities by the small scale industry owners.

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