scholarly journals The The Effects of Cold Water Immersion on Anaerobic Power, Dynamic Balance and Muscle Activation After a karate kumite fighting in Female Karateka

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
Taher Afshar Nezhad ◽  
Samane Faghihi ◽  
Amir Hazrati ◽  
Khadije Bahrami
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anaerobic Performance ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Significant Difference

Many athletes are using specific techniques to minimize fatigue and accelerate recovery processes. Cold water immersion (CWI) is one of the most popular interventions used by athletes to potentially return to their pre-fatigue performance level. the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of CWI on anaerobic performance, balance and muscle activation of female karateka after a simulated match. 15 young female karateka (age: 18.7±1.7 years, body mass: 55.5±6.3 kg, height:165±5.1 cm) with at least three years' experience in karate kumite fighting were included in the study. After three round 3-minute competition, participants were grouped into a CWI group (20 min at 12±1°C) and a control group (CTL). Anaerobic power (30 s Wingate test), and dynamic balance (Star-Excursion test) were measured before the competition and 24 h after intervention. Surface electromyography (EMG) was sampled from quadriceps femoris muscles. Peak normalized muscle activation levels and force were identified during maximal isometric test. A significant decrease in the anaerobic performance after the competition was observed for both groups (p<0.05). CWI were effective in enhancing the anaerobic performance after competition compared with the CTL. Dynamic balance decreased for two groups, although CWI resulted in the smallest reduction in balance. There was a significant difference in peak and mean RMS values of the EMG in Rectus Femoris but not Vastus muscles after the CWI intervention when compared to CTL (p<0.05). CWI improve recovery related to dynamic balance and anaerobic performance of karate kumite fighter. It can be concluded that CWI appears to promote muscle activation and reduce fatigue that is related to better performance in 24 hours post intervention.

scholarly journals Effect of cold water immersion on muscle damage indexes after simulated soccer training in young soccer players

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 236-241
Author(s):  
Saman Khakpoor Roonkiani ◽  
Mohsen Ebrahimi ◽  
Ali Shamsi Majelan
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Soccer Training

Summary Study aim: To investigate the effect of cold water immersion (CWI) on muscle damage indexes after simulated soccer activity in young soccer players. Material and methods: Eighteen professional male soccer players were randomly divided into two groups: CWI (n = 10, age 19.3 ± 0.5, body mass index 22.2 ± 1.3) and control (n = 8, age 19.4 ± 0.8, body mass index 21.7 ± 1.5). Both groups performed a simulated 90-minute soccer-specific aerobic field test (SAFT90). Then, the CWI group subjects immersed themselves for 10 minutes in 8°C water, while the control group subjects sat passively for the same time period. Blood samples were taken before, immediately after, 10 minutes, 24 hours and 48 hours after the training session in a fasted state. Blood lactate, creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme levels were measured. Results: Lactate, CK and LDH levels increased significantly after training (p < 0.001). There were significant interactions between groups and subsequent measurements for CK (p = 0.0012) and LDH (p = 0.0471). There was no significant difference in lactate level between the two groups at any aforementioned time. Conclusion: It seems that CWI after simulated 90-minute soccer training can reduce the values of muscle damage indexes in soccer players.

scholarly journals Cold-Water Immersion Promotes Antioxidant Enzyme Activation in Elite Taekwondo Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2855
Author(s):  
Eun-Hee Park ◽  
Seung-Wook Choi ◽  
Yoon-Kwon Yang
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Lipid Peroxides ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Enzyme Activation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cold-water immersion (CWI) on lipid peroxides and antioxidant enzymes in adult Taekwondo athletes after a match. A cross-sectional study was performed. After a Taekwondo match, the control group remained seated passively, while the treatment group immersed their legs below the knee joint in cold water at 10 °C. Blood samples were taken at pre-match, post-match, post-treatment, and post-rest, and changes in malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) concentrations were analyzed. The results showed that there was a significant difference in MDA between the two groups, and while the CWI group had 19% lower SOD concentration compared to the control group, and the difference was not significant. However, in case of interaction for GPx concentration (p < 0.001), a statistically significant difference was found between the two groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, CWI after a Taekwondo match elevates the concentration of antioxidant enzymes.

scholarly journals Loss of α-actinin-3 during human evolution provides superior cold resilience and muscle heat generation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
VL Wyckelsma ◽  
T Venckunas ◽  
PJ Houweling ◽  
M Schlittler ◽  
VM Lauschke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Protein ◽  
Brown Adipose

ABSTRACTThe fast skeletal muscle protein α-actinin-3 is absent in 1.5 billion people worldwide due to homozygosity for a nonsense polymorphism in the ACTN3 gene (R577X) 1. The prevalence of the 577X allele increased as modern humans moved to colder climates, suggesting a link between α-actinin-3 deficiency and improved cold tolerance 1,2. Here, we show that humans lacking α-actinin-3 (XX) are superior in maintaining core body temperature during cold-water immersion due to changes in skeletal muscle thermogenesis. Muscles of XX individuals displayed a shift towards more slow-twitch isoforms of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) proteins, accompanied by altered neuronal muscle activation resulting in increased tone rather than overt shivering 3,4. Experiments on Actn3 knockout mice showed no alterations in brown adipose tissue (BAT) properties that could explain the improved cold tolerance in XX individuals. Thus, this study provides a clear mechanism for the positive selection of the ACTN3 X-allele in cold climates and supports a key thermogenic role of skeletal muscle during cold exposure in humans.

Tolerance of Gaspé fishermen to cold water

1960 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1031-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques LeBlanc ◽  
J. A. Hildes ◽  
O. Héroux
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Pressor Response ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Skin Thickness ◽  
Finger Temperature ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Skin Biopsies ◽  
And Control

A group of Gaspé fishermen used to cold water immersion and control subjects from the same vicinity were studied to determine if the fishermen's hands were adapted to cold. With one hand immersed in cold water, the pressor response was greater in the control subjects; the fishermen maintained a higher finger temperature and complained less of pain; heat flow from the fishermen's hands was greater than in the control group; finger numbness as measured by a modification of Mackworth's V-test was variable and not significantly different in the two groups. Skin biopsies showed no difference in skin thickness or cell size but there was a significantly greater number of mast cells in the fishermen's skin. The differences between the fishermen and the control subjects may be related to repeated cold exposure. Submitted on June 7, 1960

Cold Water Immersion Directly and Mediated by Alleviated Pain to Promote Quality of Life in Indonesian with Gout Arthritis: A Community-based Randomized Controlled Trial

2022 ◽  
pp. 109980042110635
Author(s):  
Maria Dyah Kurniasari ◽  
Karen A. Monsen ◽  
Shuen Fu Weng ◽  
Chyn Yng Yang ◽  
Hsiu Ting Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Joint Mobility ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Background: Gout arthritis is an autoinflammatory arthritis that generates chronic long-term pain. Pain impacts physical activities, joint mobility, stress, anxiety, depression, and quality of life. Cold-water immersion therapy reduces inflammation and pain associated with gout arthritis. However, cold-water immersion therapy has not been conducted among people worldwide with gout arthritis. Objective: To investigate the cold-water immersion intervention on pain, joint mobility, physical activity, stress, anxiety, depression, and quality of life among acute gout patients. Methods: A community-based randomized control trial design with two parallel-intervention groups: a cold-water immersion group (20–30°C 20 minutes/day for 4 weeks) and a control group. In total, 76 eligible participants in Tomohon City, Indonesia, were recruited using a multi-stage sampling method and were randomly assigned using block randomization. A generalized estimating equation model was used to analyze the results (coef. β) and produce 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A path analysis was used to analyze mediating effects. Results: Significant pain alleviation ( β = −2.06; −2.42), improved joint mobility ( β = 1.20, 1.44), physical activity ( β = 2.05, .59), stress ( β = −1.25; −1.35), anxiety ( β = −.62; −1.37), and quality of life ( β = 5.34; 9.93) were detected after cold-water immersion at the second-week, and were maintained to the fourth-week time point, compared to pre-intervention and the control group. Depression ( β = −1.80) had decreased by the fourth week compared to the pre-test and control group. Cold-water immersion directly mediated alleviation of pain ( β = −.46, p ≤ .001) and to promote the quality of life ( β = .16, p = .01). Conclusions: Cold-water immersion decreased pain, stress, anxiety, and depression, and increased joint mobility, physical activity, and quality of life. It mediated alleviation of pain to increase the quality of life.

Effect of Cold-Water Immersion on Handgrip Performance in Rock Climbers

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1097-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Kodejška ◽  
Jiří Baláš ◽  
Nick Draper
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Recovery Strategy ◽  
Baseline Trial ◽  
Time Integral ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Force Time

Purpose: To determine the effect of 2 cold-water-immersion (CWI) temperatures (15°C and 8°C) on repeat handgrip performance to failure. Methods: A total of 32 participants completed 3 intermittent trials to failure on a climbing-specific handgrip dynamometer on 3 laboratory visits. For each visit, a different recovery strategy was employed: passive (PAS) recovery, CWI at 8°C (CW8), or CWI at 15°C (CW15). The force time integral (FTI: time of contraction multiplied by the force of contraction) was determined to assess handgrip performance. Results: There was no significant difference between recovery strategies at the end of trial 1. In response to the PAS recovery strategy, there were 10% and 22% decreases in FTI in the second and third trials, respectively. The PAS recovery-strategy FTI values were lower than both CWI strategies for trials 2 and 3 (P < .05). FTI increased in the second trial (↑32% and ↑38%; P < .05) for both immersion strategies (CW8 and CW15, respectively) compared with trial 1. During the third trial, FTI was significantly higher for CW15 than CW8 (↑27% and ↓4% with respect to baseline trial; P < .05). Conclusions: The results suggest that CWI has potential performance advantages over PAS recovery for rock climbing. The data show that in events where multiple recoveries are required, 15°C CWI may be more beneficial for climbers than 8°C CWI. Future research should focus on the optimization of protocols for sport performance.

scholarly journals The effects of tow protocol cold water immersion on the post match recovery and physical performance in well-trained handball players

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 288-295
Author(s):  
M. Mokhtar ◽  
B. Adel ◽  
B. Wahib ◽  
A. Hocine ◽  
B. Othman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Intense Training ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
High Level ◽  
Experimental Group

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare two cold water immersion (CWI) protocols, continuous and fractionated, to optimize the recovery of Handball players after on recovery from exercise resulting in exercise-induced muscle damage. Material: Ten male Handball players (age: 15 ± 1.4 years, mass index: 67.2 ± 5.1 kg, height: 176.6 ± 7.30) voluntarily participated in the study. After three 90-minute training sessions (average heart rate 160 ± 15.81, 156 ± 5.53 and 156 ± 12.24 bpm) per week, participants were divided into 03 groups. The first experimental group (GE1) in continuous immersion (CWIC) of (12 minutes, 12± 0.4° C), a second experimental group (GE2) in fractional immersion (CWIF) of (4 x 2 min at 12 ± 0.4° C + 1 min out of water) and a control group (GC) in passive recovery. Body mass indices (BMI), countermovement (Countermovement jump) and muscle pain (Intensity of pain in the thighs) were measured. Results : The results concerning the percentage differences in the variation of the CMJ occurred respectively at 24h (Z = 12.62, p = 0.004) and 48h (Z = 16.22, p <0.001) compared to the control group. In addition, the results for muscle volume did not report any significant interaction (F (5.64) = 3.42, p = 0.078). The results of both protocols showed their effectiveness in reducing pain intensity by 24 and 48 hours after intense training (F (3.54) = 2.91, p = 0.016, p2 = 0.24). Conclusion: In conclusion, continuous and fractionated cold water immersion is beneficial for neuromuscular recovery 24 hours after intense exercise. The results also demonstrate a rapid recovery of handball players from their physical potential required in high level competitions.

Influencia del masaje ZNAR y la inmersión en agua fría en el proceso inflamatorio, Creatin Kinasa y percepción al dolor muscular en jugadores de voleibol (Influence of ZNAR massage and cold water immersion on the inflammatory process, Creatine Kinase and

Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
Zeltzin Nereyda Alonso Ramos ◽  
Blanca Rocío Rangel Colmenero ◽  
Myriam Zarai García Dávila ◽  
Gerardo Enrique Muñoz Maldonado ◽  
José Raul Hoyos Flores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Muscle Pain ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Tnf Α

  Las estrategias que aminoren el dolor, la inflamación y el daño muscular provocados por la actividad física de alta intensidad en atletas son de interés en la recuperación deportiva, por lo que el objetivo del estudio fue conocer el efecto del masaje ZNAR y la inmersión en agua fría a 10° sobre el proceso inflamatorio a través de la interleucina 6 (IL-6), interleucina 10 (IL-10), el factor de necrosis tumoral Alpha (TNF-α), el daño muscular mediante la Creatin Kinasa (CK) y la percepción al dolor muscular a través de la escala visual análoga de dolor (EVA) en jugadores de voleibol. Participaron 19 atletas divididos en un grupo control y un grupo experimental, sometidos a dos protocolos de recuperación (masaje ZNAR e inmersión en agua fría) posterior a un test de inducción a la fatiga. Se cuantifico la IL-6, IL-10, TNF, CK y EVA. Los resultados mostraron cambios significativos (p < .05) en las tomas de recuperación en el comportamiento del proceso inflamatorio, la CK y la percepción al dolor muscular con ambos métodos de recuperación. Conclusión, el Masaje ZNAR favorece a la recuperación de la IL-6 y la IL-10 además de la disminución de la CK y la percepción al dolor muscular.  Abstract: The strategies that reduce pain, inflammation and muscle damage caused by high intensity activity in athletes are of interest in sports recovery, the objective of the study was to know the effect of ZNAR massage and cold water immersion at 10 ° on the inflammatory process through interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor Alpha (TNF-α), muscle damage through Creatine Kinase (CK) and the perception of muscle pain through the visual analoge scale (VAS) in volleyball players. 19 athletes were divided into a control group and an experimental group, submitted to two recovery protocols (ZNAR massage and cold water immersion) after a fatigue induction test. IL-6, IL-10, TNF, CK and EVA were quantified. The results showed significant changes (p < .05) in the recovery shots in the behavior of the inflammatory process, the CK and the perception of muscle pain with both recovery methods. Conclusion, the ZNAR Massage favors the recovery of IL-6 and IL-10 in addition to the decrease in CK and the perception of muscle pain

Hypothermic facilitation of retrograde V-A conduction

1960 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1035-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn K. Francis ◽  
Carol A. Campbell ◽  
H. E. Hoff
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Pressor Response ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Skin Thickness ◽  
Finger Temperature ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Skin Biopsies ◽  
And Control

A group of Gaspé fishermen used to cold water immersion and control subjects from the same vicinity were studied to determine if the fishermen's hands were adapted to cold. With one hand immersed in cold water, the pressor response was greater in the control subjects; the fishermen maintained a higher finger temperature and complained less of pain; heat flow from the fishermen's hands was greater than in the control group; finger numbness as measured by a modification of Mackworth' V-test was variable and not significantly different in the two groups. Skin biopsies showed no difference in skin thickness or cell size but there was a significantly greater number of mast cells in the fishermen's skin. The differences between the fishermen and the control subjects may be related to repeated cold exposure. Submitted on June 7, 1960

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