scholarly journals Aqueous extract from Chrysophyllum cainito bark exhibits embryonic toxicity in Danio rerio and negligible acute toxicity in adult wistar rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-46
Author(s):  
Hau Doan ◽  
Pishyaporn Sritangos ◽  
Oratai Weeranantanapan ◽  
Nuannoi Chudapongse
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Zebrafish Embryo ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Acridine Orange Staining ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Chrysophyllum Cainito

Chrysophyllum cainito has been used as a traditional medicine to treat a wide range of diseases, but the toxicity profile of this plant remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the acute toxicity of the aqueous extract of C. cainito (CE) bark based on OECD guidelines in two different in vivo experimental models: acute single-dose oral toxicity in adult Wistar rats and the zebrafish embryo acute toxicity test. All concentrations of CE (500-4000 mg/kg) tested during a 14-day period in both male and female rats showed no effect on behavior, body weight, organ weights, biochemical and hematological parameters. In contrast, CE significantly delayed zebrafish embryo hatching and decreased embryo survival rates in a dose-dependent manner. Hatched larvae were notably sensitive to CE-induced toxicity compared to unhatched fish embryos. Acridine orange staining showed that CE induced apoptosis in the yolk sac region that is responsible for supplying nutrients to support larval growth and development. According to OECD guidelines, CE was identified as GHS category 5, a substance with low to no acute toxicity. However, as embryotoxicity was observed in zebrafish, CE use during pregnancy should be exercised with caution until further examination of its safety.

scholarly journals Antidiarrheal Activity of Dissotis multiflora (Sm) Triana (Melastomataceae) Leaf Extract in Wistar Rats and Subacute Toxicity Evaluation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alian Désiré Afagnigni ◽  
Maximilienne Ascension Nyegue ◽  
Chantal Florentine Ndoye Foe ◽  
Youchahou Njankouo Ndam ◽  
Frédéric Nico Njayou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

The present work was undertaken to evaluate antidiarrheal activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Dissotis multiflora (Sm) Triana (D. multiflora) on Shigella flexneri-induced diarrhea in Wistar rats and its subacute toxicity. Diarrhea was induced by oral administration of 1.2 × 109 cells/mL S. flexneri to rats. Antidiarrheal activity was investigated in rats with the doses of 111.42 mg/kg, 222.84 mg/kg, and 445.68 mg/kg. The level of biochemical parameters was assessed and organs histology examined by 14 days’ subacute toxicity. S. flexneri stool load decreased significantly in dose-dependent manner. The level of ALT increased (p<0.05) in male rats treated with the dose of 445.68 mg/kg while creatinine level increased in rats treated with both doses. In female rats, a significant decrease (p<0.05) of the level of AST and creatinine was noted in rats treated with the dose of 222.84 mg/kg of D. multiflora. Histological exams of kidney and liver of treated rats showed architectural modifications at the dose of 445.68 mg/kg. This finding suggests that D. multiflora leaf extract is efficient against diarrhea caused by S. flexneri but the treatment with doses lower than 222.84 mg/kg is recommended while further study is required to define the exact efficient nontoxic dose.

scholarly journals Antidiarrhoeal activity of aqueous leaf extract of Olea europaea var. sylvestris in albino Wistar rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Zaouani ◽  
Fatima Yahiaoui ◽  
Nazli Nacer Bey ◽  
Meriem Hind Ben-Mahdi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Olea Europaea ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Motility Assay ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Leaf Aqueous Extract

Olea europaea var. sylvestris, also named oleaster, is widely used by traditional medicine practitioners in Algeria to treat high blood pressure and diabetes. However, the antidiarrhoeal activity of this plant has not been scientifically evaluated. The main aim of the study deals with an investigation of three topics: the phytochemical screening, the acute toxicity, and antidiarrhoeal activity of the oleaster leaf aqueous extract. Acute oral toxicity study was carried out based on Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development 423 guideline. The extract was orally administered in wistar rats at a single dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight and the animals were observed for mortality, behavioral changes and other abnormal signs. Qualitative analysis of phytochemical constituents was carried out using standard methods developed by Harborne, Trease and Evans. Castor oil-induced diarrhoea tests and gastro intestinal motility assay were evaluated in rats to determine the antidiarrhoeal activity of the extract. In the acute toxicity study, the extract did not induce death or any sign of toxicity in treated rats. The preliminary phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, and triterpenoids. The oleaster extract at oral doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight showed a significant (P<0.05) antidiarrhoeal activity compared to the control group treated with castor oil induced diarrhoea, enteropooling and gastrointestinal motility assay, after charcoal meal administration. The oleaster leaf aqueous extract has shown a gradual response with increasing dose. The present study indicates that the oleaster leaf aqueous extract is safe with antidiarrhoeal property.

scholarly journals Acute and subacute toxicity assessment of an aqueous extract of Crotalaria retusa (Fabaceae) in Swiss mice and Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
Lane Adrien GOH BI ◽  
Noel Kouame TOTO ◽  
Ouga Stanislas ZAHOUI ◽  
Yomalan KASSI ◽  
Semi Anthelme NENE Bi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Swiss Mice ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Male And Female Rats

The present study is a contribution to the enhancement of Ivorian traditional medicine, by carrying out bio-tolerance tests of an aqueous extract of the aerial parts of Crotalaria retusa (EACr) in mice and rats according to the guidelines of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 423 and 407, respectively. The doses of 2000 and 5000 mg/kg of body weight (BW) of the extract were used for acute toxicity. For subacute toxicity which lasted 28 days, doses of 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg BW have been used. The administration of the single doses of 2000 and 5000 mg/kg BW of EACr did not provoke death in female mice in the acute toxicity setting. For subacute toxicity in rats (male and female), the administration of repetitive doses of 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg BW of EACr over a period of 28 days did not cause death in these animals. In females, these doses caused weight loss and a decrease in platelets. The extract reduced the activity of AST in both sexes of rats. The findings also showed that this extract would possess a nephroprotective property in male and female rats. Keywords: Crotalaria retusa, Acute and subacute toxicities, Wistar rat, Swiss mice

scholarly journals Evaluation of acute toxicity of an aqueous extract of irradiated Labisia pumila on zebrafish embryo (Danio rerio)

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1and2) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Santhra Segaran Balan ◽  
Punithaamalar Manokaram ◽  
Norshafarina Shari ◽  
Mahathir Mohd Uzid ◽  
Hasnah Bahari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Zebrafish Embryo ◽  
Labisia Pumila

scholarly journals Nutritional composition, phytochemicals and acute toxicity of herbal mixture (lemon, apple cider, garlic, ginger and honey) in zebrafish embryo and Wistar rat

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (S1) ◽  
pp. 196-204
Author(s):  
A. Abu Bakar Sajak ◽  
A. Azlan ◽  
F. Abas ◽  
H. Hamzah
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Zebrafish Embryo ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Apple Cider ◽  
Herbal Mixture ◽  
Safe Dose

This study was aimed to provide the reference frame for the safe dose design of polyphenol-rich herbal mixture, which consist of lemon, apple cider, garlic, ginger and honey (PRM) for the future efficacy study. Prior to this, the nutritional composition was first conducted and the identification of metabolites that present in PRM was determined using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. The acute toxicity of the PRM was then evaluated in zebrafish embryo and Wistar rats following The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines. The PRM nutritional composition and sugar profile showed it was high in carbohydrate, ash and protein and the main sugar is fructose. It also contains metabolites such as fructosefuranose, lactic acid, ascorbic acid, acetic acid, cycloalliin, pyruvate, 5- hydroxymethylfurane, α- and β-glucose. From the zebrafish embryo acute toxicity result, the lethal concentration, LC50 of PRM was at 487.50 μg/mL. Meanwhile, in Wistar rats’ model, no lethality was observed in the group treated with PRM at the end of the study (14 days). No changes were also observed from the behavioural and appetite as well as the biochemical parameters (AST, ALT, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, HDL, total protein and creatinine) of the treated group. Therefore, the safe dose for PRM can be up to 2000 mg/kg b.w. in Wistar rats and below 487.50 μg/mL in zebrafish embryo model.

scholarly journals Possible Antioxidant and Haematinic Properties of the Stem Bark of Theobroma cacao L. in Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
B. O. Oluwatayo ◽  
T. A. Kolawole ◽  
C. C. Wali ◽  
O. A. Olayanju ◽  
A. E. J. Okwori
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

Background: This study investigated the potential antioxidant effects of aqueous extract of the stem bark of Theobroma cacao L. in Wistar rats. Methods: Twenty Wistar rats weighing between 126 g – 224 g were grouped randomly into 4groups of 5 rats each. Group 1 served as control and received water while groups 2, 3 and 4 rats were given 1000mg/kg, 3000mg/kg and 5000mg/kg b.wt of the extract respectively for 28days. On the 29th day, the rats were anaesthetized and blood samples were collected for analysis of some haematological parameters, enzymatic and non- enzymatic antioxidant activities. Results: The results obtained showed that there was significant increase (p<0.001) in SOD, Catalase activities and MDA levels in a dose dependent manner. The results also showed significant increase (p<0.001) in RBC Group 2, 3 and 4 rats when compared to the Group1. Significant increase was also observed in Hemoglobin (Hb) and Hematocrit (Hct) level in group 2 and 3 rats (p<0.001). Mean corpuscular volume was significantly increased in group 2 rats (p<0.001). Conclusion: The findings from this study showed the antioxidant and hematinic potentials of the stem bark of Theobroma cacao L.The aqueous extract of the stem bark of Theobroma cacao L. has a potential antioxidative and hematinic effects in Wistar rats. This is largely due to its rich phytochemical and nutritive contents. Further research work will be needed to see the possible application of these properties in humans.

Safety Evaluation of an Apitherapy Formulation, Bao-Yuan-Ling: Acute and Sub-acute Oral Toxicity in Wistar Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
Sun Yanru ◽  
Shen Zhenhuang ◽  
Jia Zhe ◽  
Miao Xiaoqing
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Oral Toxicity

Bao-Yuan-Ling (BYL) is an apitherapy formulation which is composed of royal jelly, propolis and bee venom. Cardioprotective effects of BYL has been demonstrated, while the toxicity of BYL was not clear. In this study, acute and sub-acute toxicity test of BYL was processed following Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 423 and OECD 407, respectively, in Wistar rats. In acute toxicity test, rats were orally treated with BYL at the single dose of 2000 mg/kg and 5000 mg/kg. No death occurred in the acute toxicity test for 7 days, which indicated the lethal dose 50% value exceeded 5000 mg/kg. In sub-acute toxicity study, rats were treated with BYL at the dose of 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg in a daily base for continuous 28 days. Results showed that female rats were more likely to be affected by BYL in body weight changes, while biochemical indicators of blood serum in male rats were more susceptible to drug effects. However, neither female nor male rats were affected by BYL administration significantly on the organs via hematoxylin-eosin staining analysis. Results suggested that BYL was slightly toxic and clinical use was safe and reliable.

Anticancer activity, phytochemical screening and acute toxicity evaluation of an aqueous extract of Aristolochia longa L.

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bachir Benarba ◽  
Atanasio Pandiella ◽  
Almahy Elmallah
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Flavonoid Glycosides ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Tlc Analysis ◽  
Dose Dependent

Aristolochia longa (Aristolochiaceae) is widely used in traditional medicine. The present study was carried out to investigate the cytotoxic activity and the acute toxicity of an aqueous extract of A. longa roots. Also, the phytochemical composition of the extract was evaluated. The cytotoxic effects of the aqueous extract in triple negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and HBL-100 cell lines was evaluated by MTT assay. A. longa roots were screened for the presence of phytochemical constituents using the standard qualitative phytochemical procedures. The acute oral toxicity (5000 mg/kg limited dose test) was evaluated. Our results showed that both cells were inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by A. longa aqueous extract. The IC50 of A. longa aqueous extract was estimated after 72h treatment at 40μg/ml and 97μg/ml in HBL100 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines, respectively. A. longa aqueous extract at a concentration of 500μg/ml suppressed effectively the cell growth of HBL100 and MDA-MB-231 cells. TLC analysis revealed the presence of flavonols, flavones and/or flavonoid glycosides as major compounds in the extract. Results of the acute toxicity study suggest the non-toxicity of the A. longa aqueous extract to the liver. Interestingly, the renal function was not affected by the extract administration at 5000mg/kg. A. longa aqueous extract could be toxicologically safe when administered orally in rats in a single dose. A. longa could be considered as a promising and safe source for developing novel therapeutics against breast cancer. Keywords: Aristolochia longa, breast cancer, phytochemical, acute toxicity, TLC.

Post-somatostatin rebound secretion of growth hormone is dependent on growth hormone-releasing factor in unrestrained female rats

1989 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 583-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Sugihara ◽  
S. Minami ◽  
I. Wakabayashi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Bolus Injection ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Plasma Gh ◽  
Dose Dependent

ABSTRACT To examine the characteristics of GH secretion following the termination of the infusion of somatostatin, unrestrained adult female Wistar rats were subjected to repeated infusions of somatostatin separated by 30-min control periods. When somatostatin was infused for 150 min at a dose of 3, 30 or 300 μg/kg body wt per h, the magnitude of the rebound GH secretion increased in a dose-dependent manner. The infusion of somatostatin at a dose of 300 μg/kg body wt per h for 60, 150 or 240 min progressively augmented the size of the rebound GH secretion. When an antiserum to rat GH-releasing factor (GRF) was injected i.v. 10 min before the end of the infusion, the peak amplitude of the rebound GH secretion (300 μg/kg body wt, 150 min) was reduced to less than 20% of that of control rats. The rebound GH secretion (300 μg/kg body wt per h, 150 min) was augmented by a bolus injection of human GRF (1 μg/kg body wt). The combined effect of the end of infusion of somatostatin and a bolus injection of GRF on the amount of GH secreted was additive. The plasma GH response to GRF was completely inhibited when human GRF (3 μg/kg body wt per h) and somatostatin (300 μg/kg body wt per h) were infused simultaneously for 150 min. The magnitude of the rebound GH secretion following the termination of the co-administration was larger than that following the somatostatin infusion alone, but this rebound was not enhanced by a bolus injection of human GRF. Moreover, the amount of GH secreted was significantly less than that after the termination of somatostatin infusion plus a bolus injection of human GRF in the absence of preceding GRF administration. These results suggest that at least part of the influence of somatostatin on GH secretion is exerted at the level of the hypothalamus through modulating the release of GRF. In addition, it is inferred that the simultaneous infusion of GRF and somatostatin induces the attenuation of the GH response to GRF through a receptor effect. Journal of Endocrinology (1989) 122, 583–591

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