scholarly journals RANCANGAN ALAT PEMBUATAN BIOETANOL DARI BAHAN BAKU KULIT DURIAN

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Irvan ◽  
Bambang Trisakti ◽  
Luri Adriani ◽  
Reviana Revitasari
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Batch Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Production Unit ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Distillation Temperature ◽  
Yeast Concentration ◽  
Time Required

In this research, the bioethanol production unit using durian peel as raw material was designed with capacity process of 100 liters per cycle in batch process. The main equipments were designed fermenter and distillation unit. Fermenter tank was designed with 43 cm of diameter and 86 cm of height which was equipped with two manual paddle impeller of 30 cm in diameter. The other of main equipments, distillation tank was made of stainless steel with 48 cm of diameter and 54 cm of height, which was equipped with heater to heat the liquid of fermentation process and cooling tank to cool vaporised bioethanol. The time required for one cycle of fermentation with batch process was 7 days and 7 hours. While the time required for one cycle of bioethanol production with batch process was 8 days and 4 hours. The feasibility of bioethanol production unit in which consists of fermenter tank and distillation tank under condition process of 7 days and yeast concentration of 6% and distillation temperature of 80oC was tested. The results obtained were 8,98% of bioethanol concentration during fermentation and 74,96% of bioethanol concentration during distillation.

scholarly journals Analisis Kualitas Bioetanol Dari Kulit Pisang

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
G M Saragih ◽  
Hadrah Hadrah ◽  
Dilla Tri Maharani
Keyword(s):  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Banana Production

Indonesia is ranked sixth in banana production with total production in 2015 of 7.299.275. the more people who like bananas, the higher the volume of banana peel waste produced. Banana peels are usually thrown away immediately and can contaminate the soil surface because banana peels contain acid so that it can have an impact on evironmental problems. The starch content of banan peels has the potential to be used as a raw material for bioethanol production with the help of the fermentation process. Therefore this research aims to determine the quality of bioethanol which is produced from several types of banana peels. The types of banana peels used are Ambon banana peel, Barangan banana peel and horn banana peel. The method used to manufacture bioethanol form the types of banana peel of ambon, barangan and horn is fermentation using yeast tape or saccharomyses cereviciae. The variables observed in this study were the variety of banana peel types, fermentation time for 6 days and 10 days, and the use of yeast as much as 5 grams. The fermentation results in the form of bioethanol were analyzed using gas chromatography, the best results from this study were obtained on the type of banana peel of Ambon for 10 days, that is 4.451% bioethanol.

scholarly journals Making Bioethanol From Cocoa Fruit Skin Waste By Hydrolysis Process Using Trichoderma Viride Mold

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Tiska Oktavianis ◽  
Sofiyanita Sofiyanita
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Fermentation ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Ethanol Content ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Fruit Skin ◽  
Fruit Waste

Cocoa fruit skin is one of the agricultural wastes can be used as raw material for bioethanol production. Because the cocoa fruit waste containing 39.45% crude fiber and 3.92% glucose. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of optimization of yeast and fermentation time to produce maximum ethanol content. In this study the hydrolysis process cocoa leather is done using fungi Trichoderma viride and fermentation process using yeast Saccharomyses cerevisiae. While for bioethanol concentration measurements performed using vinometer. The results showed that bioethanol fermentation time for 1, 3, 5 and 7 days using yeast levels 2, 4, 6 and 8 grams produce maximum ethanol fermentation at 3 days and 6 grams yeast levels. Produced a maximum ethanol content of 12%.

The Effect of Type and Concentration Yeast with Fermentation Time and Liquifaction Variations on the Bioethanol Concentration Resulted by Sorgum Seeds with Hydrolysis and Fermentation Processes

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 5228-5232
Author(s):  
Kiagus A. Roni ◽  
Dorie Kartika ◽  
Hasyirullah Apriyadi ◽  
Netty Herawati
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Rhizopus Oryzae ◽  
Process Variations ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Hydrolysis Method ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Starch Composition ◽  
Yeast Concentration

Sorghum is one of the plants that can be used as raw material for making bioethanol. Sorghum has seeds with a starch composition of 73.8%, which is potential as a raw material for making bioethanol. Sorghum starch can be converted into bioethanol through the hydrolysis process (the process of converting carbohydrates into glucose) which consists of liquefaction and saccharification processes and is followed by a fermentation process. The hydrolysis method is carried out enzymatically. In this study alpha amylase and gluco amylase enzymes were used with various types of yeast including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Rhizopus oryzae, Acetobacter xylinum, Mucor sp, and Aspergilus niger which varied with liquefaction temperatures including 80, 85, 90, 95, and 100 °C. Obtained the most optimal yeast is Saccharomyces cerevisiae with an optimal temperature of 95 °C resulting in a bioethanol concentration of 4.3%. After getting the optimal yeast and temperature, the fermentation step of the two variables is used in the next step. In the fermentation process, variations of yeast concentration and duration of fermentation were used, the optimum yeast concentration was at 2.5% with 48 hours of fermentation resulting in bioethanol concentration of 11%.

scholarly journals Challenges in bioethanol production: Utilization of cotton fabrics as a feedstock

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Nikolic ◽  
Jelena Pejin ◽  
Ljiljana Mojovic
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Renewable Fuel ◽  
Renewable Feedstocks

Bioethanol, as a clean and renewable fuel with its major environmental benefits, represents a promising biofuel today which is mostly used in combination with gasoline. It can be produced from different kinds of renewable feedstocks. Whereas the first generation of processes (saccharide-based) have been well documented and are largely applied, the second and third generation of bioethanol processes (cellulose- or algae-based) need further research and development since bioethanol yields are still too low to be economically viable. In this study, the possibilities of bioethanol production from cotton fabrics as valuable cellulosic raw material were investigated and presented. Potential lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol production and their characteristics, especially cotton-based materials, were analyzed. Available lignocellulosic biomass, the production of textile and clothing and potential for sustainable bioethanol production in Serbia is presented. The progress possibilities are discussed in the domain of different pretreatment methods, optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis and different ethanol fermentation process modes.

An Evaluation of Different Bioreactor Configurations with Immobilized Yeast for Bioethanol Production

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Daniel Rivaldi ◽  
Boutros F Sarrouh ◽  
Silvio Silvério da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Fermentation Process ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Packed Column ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stirred Tank ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Mechanical Agitation ◽  
Tank Reactor ◽  
Cellular Concentration ◽  
Free Cells

The bioethanol industry expects a huge expansion and new technologies are being implemented with the aim of optimizing the fermentation process. The behavior of cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae immobilized in PVA-LentiKats, during the production of bioethanol in two reactor systems, was studied. The entrapped cell in LentiKats lenses showed a different profile using stirred tank reactor (STR) and packed column reactor (PCR). Low free cells accumulation in the medium was observed for the STR after 72 h of fermentation. On the other hand, no free cells accumulation was observed, probably due to the absence of mechanical agitation in PCR configuration. Better fermentation results were obtained working with STR (final cellular concentration = 13 g.L-1, Pf = 28 g.L-1, Qp = 1.17 g.L-1.h-1,and Yp/s = 0.3 g.g-1) in comparison to PCR (final cellular concentration = 11.4 g.L-1, Pf = 20 g.L-1, Qp = 0.83 g.L-1.h-1,and Yp/s = 0.25 g.g-1). Such results are probably due to the mechanical agitation of the medium provided by STR configuration, which permitted a better heat and mass transference.

Praktiken und Praxis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-56
Author(s):  
Thomas Alkemeyer
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Political Agency ◽  
Lived Body ◽  
Sociological Analysis ◽  
Discipline Formation ◽  
Material Basis ◽  
Embodied Self ◽  
Self Formation

Two forms or rather perspectives of observations appear alongside practice theories: The first perspective can be called the „theatre perspective“: practice here is observed as a regular, spatiotemporally ordered, socially structured, and therefore recognizable historical form of „practical doings and sayings“, in which participants are understood as mere carriers of practices and their bodies as the raw material for processes of formation. In the other perspective, understood as the perspective of the participants themselves, practices come into view as ongoing, conflictual, and contingent accomplishments, in which participants occur as intelligently collaborating contributors with so called „lived bodies“. These bodies are affectable, sites of experience, and media of a sensitivity that allow an embodied self to orientate itself (with)in a practice. This paper proposes a methodological mediation of both perspectives by taking into account both a sociological analysis of discipline, formation, or adjustment, and the reflexive sensing in action, which can be modeled phenomenologically. Thus, a „lived-body-in-accomplishment“ comes into view that serves the material basis of subjectivation procceses, i. e. the (self-)formation of a constitutionally conditioned (political) agency.

CLC 18.10LN

Alloy Digest ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
The Other ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Good Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Temperature Performance

Abstract CLC 18.10LN is an austenitic stainless steel with 18% Cr, 9.5% Ni, and 0.14% N to provide good corrosion resistance at strengths above the other low-carbon stainless steels. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, tensile properties, and shear strength as well as creep. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-950. Producer or source: Industeel USA, LLC.

Pyrolysis of unsubstituted bicyclic hydrocarbons and gas oil

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 1838-1847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Bajus ◽  
Jozef Baxa
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Elemental Sulphur ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Gas Oil ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Reactor Material ◽  
Tubular Reactors ◽  
Stainless Steel Reactor

Pyrolysis of tetraline, decaline, 1,1'-bicyclohexane, cyclohexylbenzene and gas oil was studied in stainless steel and quartz flow tubular reactors at 780 and 800 °C, residence time 0.08 to 0.5 s and at the mass ratio of steam to the raw material changing from 0.5 to 1.5. The effect of reaction temperature, the mass ratio of steam to the raw material, reactor material and of the added elemental sulphur on the yields of individual reaction products is reported. Of bicyclic hydrocarbons, condensed hydrocarbons are more stable than those with noncondensed rings, cyclanoaromates being more stable than bicyclanes. Pyrolysis of gas oil in the stainless steel reactor yields greater amounts of ethylene, propylene, butadiene and smaller amounts of methane and ethane, compared to the pyrolysis carried out under identical conditions in the quartz reactor. Elemental sulphur increases the conversion of gas oil into gaseous pyrolysis products.

scholarly journals Improved Glucose Recovery from Sicyos angulatus by NaOH Pretreatment and Application to Bioethanol Production

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 245
Author(s):  
Hyung-Eun An ◽  
Kang Hyun Lee ◽  
Ye Won Jang ◽  
Chang-Bae Kim ◽  
Hah Young Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Naoh Pretreatment ◽  
Glucose Recovery ◽  
Harmful Species

As greenhouse gases and environmental pollution become serious, the demand for alternative energy such as bioethanol has rapidly increased, and a large supply of biomass is required for bioenergy production. Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant on the planet and a large part of it, the second-generation biomass, has the advantage of not being a food resource. In this study, Sicyos angulatus, known as an invasive plant (harmful) species, was used as a raw material for bioethanol production. In order to improve enzymatic hydrolysis, S. angulatus was pretreated with different NaOH concentration at 121 °C for 10 min. The optimal NaOH concentration for the pretreatment was determined to be 2% (w/w), and the glucan content (GC) and enzymatic digestibility (ED) were 46.7% and 55.3%, respectively. Through NaOH pretreatment, the GC and ED of S. angulatus were improved by 2.4-fold and 2.5-fold, respectively, compared to the control (untreated S. angulatus). The hydrolysates from S. angulatus were applied to a medium for bioethanol fermentation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae K35. Finally, the maximum ethanol production was found to be 41.3 g based on 1000 g S. angulatus, which was 2.4-fold improved than the control group.

Immunochemical Studies on Antithrombin III

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.J. McKay
Keyword(s):  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
The Other ◽  
Antigenic Determinants ◽  
Immunochemical Analysis ◽  
Paradoxical Effect ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Antigen Antibody

Depressed Antithrombin III (AT) levels Increase thrombic tendency in man, therefore value in assaying this protein has been established. Immunochemical analysis of AT in clinical disease has however proved controversial, consequently systematic studies were undertaken to rationalize the requirements necessary to optimise these methods in particular electro-Immunoassay. The known binding affinity of AT for heparin has been exploited to differentiate high affinity AT from its inhibitor - protease complexes and has resulted in reports stating that heparin added to the agar gel prior to electrophoresis significantly reduces the time required for completion of antigen/antibody complexes. Our studies however have demonstrated that the antibody required for quantitative analysis must be capable of not only reacting with “native” antigenic determinants of AT but also with “neo” antigens that are exposed when inhibitor-protease complexes are formed. Heparin should not be used in the test protocol, for it has a paradoxical effect on Immunopreclpltation in gels, masking some antigenic determinants of unbound - high affinity AT on one hand, and appear to disrupt the Immunoprecipitin “rocket” formed with the inhibitor-protease complexes during electrophoresis on the other.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document