scholarly journals The effect of processing parameters on energy consumption of ball mill refiner for chocolate

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 747-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Fistes ◽  
Dusan Rakic ◽  
Biljana Pajin ◽  
Ljubica Dokic ◽  
Ivana Nikolic
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Ball Mill ◽  
Vertical Cylinder ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Shaft Speed ◽  
Rotating Shaft ◽  
Power Requirement ◽  
Grinding Media ◽  
Steel Balls

A laboratory ball mill consisting of vertical cylinder, equipped with a rotating shaft with arms, and filled with steel balls as a grinding medium has been used in the experiments. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of agitator shaft speed and amount of grinding media (steel balls) on power requirements and energy consumption of a ball mill. With constant mass of the steel balls (20 kg, 30 kg and 40 kg), the agitator shaft speed was increased from 10% to 100% of the maximum speed which corresponds to a speed of 50 rpm. The power consumption (W) was recorded upon which milling energy consumption (J/kg) has been calculated. The results were statistically analyzed using ANOVA. The increase of the agitator shaft speed, in steps of 10% to the maximum speed of 50 rpm, led to a statistically significant increase in milling energy consumption. At low agitator shaft speed (10%), increase in the mass of the steel balls had no influence on the power requirements. Power requirements for the grinding runs using 30 kg and 40 kg are similar and higher compared to power requirement in trial with 20 kg, as agitator shaft speed increases from 20% to 70%. At high agitator shaft speeds (?80%), increase in steel balls mass led to the significant increase in power requirements of the ball mill.

scholarly journals Optimization of the ball mill processing parameters in the fat filling production

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Loncarevic ◽  
Aleksandar Fistes ◽  
Dusan Rakic ◽  
Biljana Pajin ◽  
Jovana Petrovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Ball Mill ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Shaft Speed ◽  
The Face ◽  
Face Centered ◽  
Response Surface Regression

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the main milling variables, i.e., agitator shaft speed (50, 75 and 100%, which is 25, 37.5 and 50 rpm) and milling time (30, 45 and 60 min) on physical and sensory properties of fat filling, as well as on energy consumption during the production in a laboratory ball mill. Within the response surface method, the face centered central composite design is used. A response surface regression analysis for responses was performed and a full quadratic model was fitted to the experimental data. It is shown that agitator shaft speed had the most significant influence on physical properties (particle size distribution, rheological and textural propertes) and sensory characteristics of fat filling, while the milling energy consumption is highly influenced by milling time with contribution 55.4%, followed by agitator shaft speed (40.04%). The model obtained by regression analyses was used to perform the optimization of processing parameters in order to provide the combination of agitator shaft speed and milling time that cost less energy while at the same time do not compromise the quality of the fat filling. Optimization of production of fat filling in a laboratory ball mill would imply the maximum agitator shaft speed and 30-min milling time.

Experimental Study of Charge Motion in a Tumbling Ball Mill

2017 ◽  
Vol 899 ◽  
pp. 119-123
Author(s):  
Marcela Vieira Caixeta Machado ◽  
V. Straatmann ◽  
Claudio Roberto Duarte ◽  
Marcos Antonio de Souza Barrozo
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Transverse Motion ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Charge Motion ◽  
Ball Mills ◽  
Particle Size Reduction ◽  
Numerical Studies ◽  
Grinding Media ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Steel Balls

Tumbling ball mills are a common comminution device in the mineral industry processing, wherein the particle size reduction is performed by action of the grinding media. Different forms of transverse motion in a rotating cylinder have been studied by many researchers. The aim of this paper was to study the transitional phenomena between cascading, cataracting and centrifuging motion. In order to observe these transitions, experiments were carried out in a tumbling mill of 300 mm diameter, and three sizes of chrome steel balls were used as grinding media. Each size of ball was employed in three different lengths of the mill with the purpose to investigate the end-walls effect in the behavior ball charge. The image analysis technique was employed to identify the transition regions. A high-speed camera with maximum speed of 2000 frames/s was used to record images. Experimental data showed it was not found the end-wall effects on the transitional behavior, and this effect can be assessed in numerical studies by analyze of the specularity coefficient.

Pseudo Dry Gas Technology: Pathway to Decarbonisation of Energy Consumption for Remote Offshore Gas Fields

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tran Nguyet Ngo ◽  
Lee Thomas ◽  
Kavitha Raghavendra ◽  
Terry Wood
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Flow Loop ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Power Requirement ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Gas Fields ◽  
Technology Pathway

Abstract Transporting large volumes of gas over long distances from further and deeper waters remains a significant challenge in making remote offshore gas field developments technologically and economically viable. The conventional development options include subsea compression, floating topside with topside compression and pipeline tie-back to shore, or floating liquefied natural gas vessels. However, these options are CAPEX and OPEX intensive and require high energy consumption. Demand for a lower emission solution is increasingly seen as the growing trend of global energy transition. Pseudo Dry Gas (PDG) technology is being developed by Intecsea, Worley Group and The Oil & Gas Technology Centre (Aberdeen) and tested in collaboration with Cranfield University. This is applied to develop stranded or remote gas reserves by removing fluids at the earliest point of accumulation at multiple locations, resulting in near dry gas performance. This technology aims to solve liquid management issues and subsequently allows for energy efficient transportation of the subsea gas enabling dramatic reductions in emissions. The PDG prototype tested using the Flow Loop facilities at Cranfield University has demonstrated the concept’s feasibility. Due to a greater amount of gas recovered with a much lower power requirement, the CO2 emissions per ton of gas produced via the PDG concept is by an order of magnitude lower than conventional methods. This study showed a reduction of 65% to 80% against standard and alternative near future development options. The paper considers innovative technology and a value proposition for the Pseudo Dry Gas concept based on a benchmarked study of a remote offshore gas field. The basin was located in 2000m of water depth, with a 200km long subsea tie-back. To date the longest tieback studied was 350km. It focused on energy consumption and carbon emission aspects. The conclusion is that decarbonisation of energy consumption is technically possible and can be deployed subsea to help meet this future challenge and push the envelope of subsea gas tie-backs.

Study and Simulation on the Energy Efficiency Management Control Strategy of Ship Based on Clean Propulsion System

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Wang ◽  
Xinping Yan ◽  
Yupeng Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Propulsion System ◽  
Power Requirement ◽  
Doubly Fed ◽  
System Configurations ◽  
And Control

Nowadays, with the higher voice of ship energy saving and emission reduction, the research on energy efficiency management is particularly necessary. Energy efficiency management and control of ships is an effective way to improve the ship energy efficiency. In this paper, according to the new clean propulsion system configurations of 5000 tons of bulk carrier, the energy efficiency management control strategy of the clean propulsion system is designed based on the model of advanced brushless doubly-fed shaft generator, propulsion system using LNG/diesel dual fuel engine and energy consumption of the main engine for reducing energy consumption. The simulation model of the entire propulsion system and the designed control strategy were designed. The influence of the engine speed on the ship energy efficiency was analyzed, and the feasibility of the energy efficiency management control strategies was verified by simulation using Matlab/Simulink. The results show that the designed strategies can ensure the power requirement of the whole ship under different conditions and improve the ship energy efficiency and reduce CO2 emissions.

scholarly journals The GRINDER CONSTRUCTION DESIGN OF A BALL MILL MACHINE FOR THE PROCESS OF HOMOGENIZING BLACK POWDER USING AN AUTOMATIC SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (Oktober) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Arif Setiawan ◽  
Dedy Pradigdo ◽  
Farid Hendro Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Ball Mill ◽  
Automatic System ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Black Powder ◽  
Construction Design ◽  
Steel Balls ◽  
The Military

Combat technology in the military world has undergone a very rapid development in both close combat and long-range combat. Long-range combat is identical to a rocket weapon where the rocket works because of the presence of an igniter that serves to burn the propellant so that when the propellant burns it will produce pressure that will push the rocket hurtling towards a predetermined target. Igniter is very important in the launch of rockets where the filling of the igniter is black powder that has been difficult to obtain because of the difficult manufacturing process and risk of explosion. This research aims to design a tool that can produce black powder with a large enough capacity and good quality and reduce the risk of explosions to support the manufacture of igniters for rocket launches, especially those owned by Indonesian Army. This research used pure experimental quantitative method with empirical calculations to obtain tools with the desired specifications. The results obtained after the calculation are the volume of octagonal prism tubes 2942.5 cm3, the total volume of steel balls with two size variations is 979.5 cm3, the maximum lendutan that occurs on the shaft of the player is 0.108 mm, so it is said to be safe.

Effects of grinding media shapes on load behaviour and mill power in a dry ball mill

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (13) ◽  
pp. 1357-1361 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.S. Lameck ◽  
K.K. Kiangi ◽  
M.H. Moys
Keyword(s):  
Ball Mill ◽  
Grinding Media

Design of Powered Ankle-Foot Prosthesis With Nonlinear Parallel Spring Mechanism

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Gao ◽  
Yannan Liu ◽  
Wei-Hsin Liao
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Power Requirement ◽  
Human Ankle ◽  
Cam Profile ◽  
Quadratic Bézier Curve ◽  
Spring Mechanism ◽  
Power And Energy ◽  
And Control

In this paper, a powered ankle-foot prosthesis with nonlinear parallel spring mechanism is developed. The parallel spring mechanism is used for reducing the energy consumption and power requirement of the motor, at the same time simplifying control of the prosthesis. To achieve that goal, the parallel spring mechanism is implemented as a compact cam-spring mechanism that is designed to imitate human ankle dorsiflexion stiffness. The parallel spring mechanism can store the negative mechanical energy in controlled dorsiflexion (CD) phase and release it to assist the motor in propelling a human body forward in a push-off phase (PP). Consequently, the energy consumption and power requirements of the motor are both decreased. To obtain this desired behavior, a new design method is proposed for generating the cam profile. Unlike the existing design methods, the friction force is considered here. The cam profile is decomposed into several segments, and each segment is fitted by a quadratic Bezier curve. Experimental results show that the cam-spring mechanism can mimic the desired torque characteristics in the CD phase (a loading process) more precisely. Finally, the developed prosthesis is tested on a unilateral below-knee amputee. Results indicate that, with the assistance of the parallel spring mechanism, the motor is powered off and control is not needed in the CD phase. In addition, the peak power and energy consumption of the motor are decreased by approximately 37.5% and 34.6%, respectively.

Addressing Thermal Challenges in Design of Data Centres

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babak Fakhim ◽  
Srinarayana Nagarathinam ◽  
Simon Wong ◽  
Masud Behnia ◽  
Steve Armfield
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Power Requirement ◽  
Data Centre ◽  
It Systems ◽  
Improved Design ◽  
Data Centres

Aggregation of small networking hardware has led to an ever increasing power density in data centres. The energy consumption of IT systems is continuing to rise substantially owing to the demands of electronic information and storage requirements. Energy consumption of data centres can be severely and unnecessarily high due to inadequate localised cooling and densely packed rack layouts. However, as heat dissipation in data centres rises by orders of magnitude, inefficiencies such as air recirculation causing hot spots, leading to flow short-circuiting will have a significant impact on the thermal manageability and energy efficiency of the cooling infrastructure. Therefore, the thermal management of high-powered electronic components is a significant challenge for cooling of data centres. In this project, an operational data centre has been studied. Field measurements of temperature have been performed. Numerical analysis of flow and temperature fields is conducted in order to evaluate the thermal behaviour of the data centre. A number of undesirable hot spots have been identified. To rectify the problem, a few practical design solutions to improve the cooling effectiveness have been proposed and examined to ensure a reduced air-conditioning power requirement. Therefore, a better understanding of the cooling issues and the respective proposed solutions can lead to an improved design for future data centres.

scholarly journals Energy Saving and Low-Cost-Oriented Design Processes of Blank’s Dimensions Based on Multi-Objective Optimization Model

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongmao Xiao ◽  
Qingshan Gong ◽  
Xiaowu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Optimization Model ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Multi Objective Optimization ◽  
Nsga Ii ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Set Up

The blank’s dimensions are an important focus of blank design as they largely determine the energy consumption and cost of manufacturing and further processing the blank. To achieve energy saving and low cost during the optimization of blank dimensions design, we established energy consumption and cost objectives in the manufacturing and further processing of blanks by optimizing the parameters. As objectives, we selected the blank’s production and further processing parameters as optimization variables to minimize energy consumption and cost, then set up a multi-objective optimization model. The optimal blank dimension was back calculated using the parameters of the minimum processing energy consumption and minimum cost state, and the model was optimized using the non-dominated genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II). The effect of designing blank dimension in saving energy and costs is obvious compared with the existing methods.

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