scholarly journals Some thoughts on the Slavic verbal system (a typological approach)

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-96
Author(s):  
Anna Kretschmer
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Functional Category ◽  
Verbal System ◽  
Functional Description ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
System A ◽  
Grammatical Categories ◽  
Typological Approach ◽  
Verb Categories

This paper deals with the essential verb categories - the grammatical categories of tense, aspect and mode, as well as with actionality as a lexical and functional category. These categories coexist in the Slavic languages in manifold correlations, determined by the type of language. The paper is focused on tense as the central verb category. In the first part, there is a typological approach to the Slavic verbal system proposed, as a base for its systematic functional description and interpretation. Two prototypes of the verbal system in Slavia can be postulated - a southern and a northern one. The Slavic languages of the Balkan linguistic area (Sprachbund) - Bulgarian and Macedonian - belong to the southern prototype, while the East Slavic languages and Polish belong to the northern prototype. The remaining Slavic languages represent various transitional phases from one prototype to the other. The actual version of the model offered in this paper is synchronically based, but the diachronic approach is considered indispensable for an adequate modelling of the Slavic verbal system. In this context, the paper presents some critical remarks on the modern Slavic grammaticography, with key focus on its methodological and theoretical basis. The last part of the paper presents some approaches to and interpretations of the tense category in some selected recent works.

scholarly journals I verbi graduali deaggettivali in ceco

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Perisutti
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Text Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Verbal System ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Using Data

The present article is devoted to deadjectival gradual verbs in Czech. The contribution starts by summarising the main points made by several scholars for English, concerning the scalar nature of these predicates, their connection with the gradual adjectives and their (a)telicity. Using data collected with Skecth Engine, an online text analysis tool, the article analyses four different derivational classes of Czech gradual verbs. Similarly to the other Slavic languages, Czech exhibits a very syncretical verbal system, where the same exponents, namely the contrast ‘perfective’/‘imperfective’, express both actional as well as aspectual values. Showing the different frequencies of the imperfective and perfective stems and commenting on the compatiblity of these stems with the comparison adverbs o+acc. ‘by x measure’, the paper shows how actionality and aspect interact in the context of Czech deadjectival gradual verbs.

The Problem of the Typology of Rationality in Muslim Culture

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 88-99
Author(s):  
Andrey A. Lukashev
Keyword(s):  
Modern Philosophy ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
The Other ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Islamic Culture ◽  
The Common ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The One ◽  
Muslim Culture

The typology of rationality is one of major issues of modern philosophy. In an attempt to provide a typology to Oriental materials, a researcher faces additional problems. The diversity of the Orient as such poses a major challenge. When we say “Oriental,” we mean several cultures for which we cannot find a common denominator. The concept of “Orient” involves Arabic, Indian, Chinese, Turkish and other cultures, and the only thing they share is that they are “non-Western.” Moreover, even if we focus just on Islamic culture and look into rationality in this context, we have to deal with a conglomerate of various trends, which does not let us define, with full confidence, a common theoretical basis and treat them as a unity. Nevertheless, we have to go on trying to find common directions in thought development, so as to draw conclusions about types of rationality possible in Islamic culture. A basis for such a typology of rationality in the context of the Islamic world was recently suggested in A.V. Smirnov’s logic of sense theory. However, actual empiric material cannot always fit theoretical models, and the cases that do not fit the common scheme are interesting per se. On the one hand, examination of such cases gives an opportunity to specify certain provisions of the theory and, on the other hand, to define the limits of its applicability.

Experimentalism as a Tool of Economic Innovation in Germany

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wade Jacoby ◽  
Martin Behrens
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Information Gathering ◽  
Wage Bargaining ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Partner ◽  
Social Actor ◽  
Comparative Political Economy ◽  
System A ◽  
German Model ◽  
Economic Innovation

Our purpose in this article is to analyze changes in the German wagebargaining system, a system that has attracted enormous attentionfrom scholars of comparative political economy and comparativeindustrial relations. We argue that the wage bargaining portion ofthe German model is neither frozen in place, headed for deregulation,nor merely “muddling through.” Rather, we see the institutionalcapacities of the key actors—especially the unions and employerassociations—making possible a process we term “experimentalism.”In briefest form, experimentalism allows organizations that combinedecentralized information-gathering abilities with centralized decision-making capacity to probe for new possibilities, which, oncefound, can be quickly diffused throughout the organization. We willshow that the capacity for such experimentalism varies across actorsand sectors. And, to make things even tougher, neither major Germansocial actor can sustain innovation in the longer term withoutbringing along the other “social partner.”

Hedley Bull, states systems and international societies

1987 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Watson
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
International Society ◽  
The Other ◽  
Common Values ◽  
System A ◽  
Common Interests ◽  
Hedley Bull ◽  
Regular Contact

Hedley Bull's contribution to the theory of international relations is considerable; and nowhere more acute than in the distinction which he made between the concept of a system of states and that of an international society. His definitive formulation is set out in Chapter I of The Anarchical Society. ‘Where states are in regular contact with one another, and where in addition there is interaction between them sufficient to make the behaviour of each a necessary element in the calculations of the other, then we may speak of their forming a system.’ ‘A society of states (or international society) exists when a group of states, conscious of certain common interests and common values, form a society in the sense that they conceive themselves to be bound by a common set of rules in their relations with one another, and share in the working of common institutions.’

scholarly journals An Improved Method for Discerning Broken Rotor Bar Fault and Load Oscillation in Induction Motors

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liling Sun ◽  
Boqiang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Induction Motors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Broken Rotor Bar ◽  
Signal Parameters ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
The One

A few methods for discerning broken rotor bar (BRB) fault and load oscillation in induction motors have been reported in the literature. However, they all perhaps inevitably fail in adverse cases in which these two phenomena are simultaneously present. To tackle this problem, an improved method for discerning BRB fault and load oscillation is proposed in this paper based on the following work. On the one hand, the theoretical basis is analytically extended to include such an adverse case, yielding some important findings on the spectra of the instantaneous reactive and active powers. A novel strategy is thus outlined to correctly discern BRB fault and load oscillation even when simultaneously present. On the other hand, Estimation of Signal Parameters via Rotational Invariance Technique (ESPRIT) is adopted as the spectral analysis technique to deal with the instantaneous reactive and active powers, yielding a certain improvement compared to the existing methods, adopting Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can correctly discern BRB fault and load oscillation even when simultaneously present.

scholarly journals ‘Knowing How’ in Slovene: Treading the Other Path

Slovene ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Sonnenhauser
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Peculiar Feature ◽  
Linguistic Expression ◽  
Knowing How ◽  
Know How ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Modal Verb ◽  
Contemporary Standard

For the linguistic expression of the concept of knowledge, the Slavic languages use verbs deriving from the Indo-European roots *ĝnō and *ṷei̭d. They differ in terms of the availability of both types of verbs in the contemporary standard languages and in terms of their semantic range. As will be shown in this paper, these differences are interesting not only from a language-specific lexicological point of view, but also in the context of the intersection of lexicon and grammar. Covering the domain of ‘knowing how,’ the *ĝnō-based verb in Slovene (znati) has been extending into the domain of possibility and, on this basis, developing into a modal verb. While this development is not surprising from a typological point of view, it is remarkable from a Slavic perspective, since this particular grammaticalisation path towards possibility is otherwise unknown to Slavic. This peculiar feature of Slovene, which most probably relates to its long-lasting and intensive contact with German, is illustrated in the present paper by comparing Slovene to Russian on the basis of three main questions: 1) the semantic range of vedeti / vedatʹ and znati / znatʹ, 2) the lexicalisation of ‘know how,’ and 3) the relation between knowledge, ability, and possibility. The focus is on contemporary Slovene and Russian, leaving a detailed diachronic investigation and the further embedding into a larger Slavic and areal perspective for future analyses.

scholarly journals An Examination on Cloud Computing Future, Privacy of Data and Possibilities

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S2) ◽  
pp. 949-953
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Research Trend ◽  
Computing Environment ◽  
Storage Virtualization ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
The Core ◽  
New Research

Cloud computing is the theoretical basis for future computing. All the global frameworks are now looking up to architecture which is purely based on cloud. Being the core of such a large web of network, it is important to consider the security aspects in a cloud based computing environment. This has resulted in a new research trend on the security issues of cloud. Cloud is a popular paradigm with extreme abilities and benefits for trending ICT environment. On the other end the major concern came in terms of security and privacy while adopting the cloud technology. This article is an effort to cover the challenges in fields like storage, virtualization and communication in cloud .Also it is a try to elaborate relevance of current cryptographic approach in order to increase security of cloud in ICT.

scholarly journals Herrscherschaft and herrschersuffix in Central-East European languages

Linguistica ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Sorin Paliga
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
East European ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Local Leader ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
Large Distribution

The paper resumes a topic the author approached in severa[ instances beginning with 1987: some specific terms referring to the semantic sphere Herrscherschafi. In Romanian, ban, jupîn, stăpîn and probably also cioban reflect the indigenous Thracian substratum; these forms also reflect the archaic Indo-European Herrschersujfzx -n-. In Slavic, their equivalent forms ban, župan and stopan reflect either a Late Thracian or (Proto-)Romanian influence. Equally Rom. vătaf reflects the substratum influence, whereas Slavic vatah, vatak, vataš reflects the same borrowing. On the other hand, Slavic gospodƄ, belongs to the archaic Proto-Slavic core elements, while cěsaŕƄ, reflect a Germanic influence. Finally, Rom. boier is an East-Romance innovation derived from bou 'ox' and initially meant 'owner of cattle = rich man', a traditional association between cattle-owners and richness. The word had a large distribution from the early Middle Ages until late in the 20th century.In a paper written some 15 years ago (Paliga 1987, in Linguistica, Ljubljana) 1 dared suggest that a series of Romanian and Slavic terms referring to social and political organisation, specifically ban (1) 'master, local leader' and (2) 'coin, money' (2nd sense derived from the lst one),jupîn (formerly giupîn) 'a master', 'a master, a lord', cioban 'a shepherd', rather reflect a compact etymological group of Pre-Romance and Pre-Slavic origin (including cioban, incorrectly considered a Turkish influence, seemingly starting from the erroneous, but largely spread hypothesis that intervocalic -b- in Romanian would rather suggest a newer origin 1 ). To these, on another occasion, I added the form vătaf,vătah (also with parallels in some Slavic languages, Paliga 1996: 34-36) and on another occasion 1 analysed the form boier, also spread in many neighbouring languages, which has often been considered either of unknown origin or again of Turkic (not Turkish, i.e. Ottoman) origin (Paliga 1990; see also our main studies gathered together in a single volume, Paliga 1999).

scholarly journals Islam and the Other: A Study on the Image of The Other in Early Muslim Societies

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-292
Author(s):  
Cemal Özel
Keyword(s):  
Family Life ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Muslim Identity ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Science Philosophy ◽  
Over Time

In this study, the Byzantine image in the religious and literary texts produced by Muslim societies in the first four centuries of the Hijra has been examined in terms of historical process. To this end, first, a theoretical basis has been established within the framework of the concepts of identity, difference, other, and othering. Then, the imagery of Byzantium is analyzed through the interpretation of the first five verses of the Surah Rûm, with regards to naming, politics, religion, culture, science, philosophy, art and women's descriptions. The main argument of the study is that the Byzantine image of Muslims cannot be addressed independent of the relationships established with Byzantium. From a historical point of view, it is seen that the image of Byzantium, which was initially positive, turned into negative depending on the course of relations and was balanced over time in terms of change, while the style and content of political and political imagery varied, there is very little variation in descriptions of social life with regards to Constantinople, Byzantine craftsmanship, family life and women. While the Qur'an and the Sunnah culture formed the basis of the Byzantine perception in the early days, political developments became dominant over time. On the other hand, Muslims did not deal with Byzantium in a monolithic, shallow and reductive way, but they used the distinction between “us” and “them” to improve the image of Islam and reinforce Muslim identity.

On the Mechanism and the Rate of Sub-Ground Erosion in the Loess Material

2011 ◽  
Vol 233-235 ◽  
pp. 2528-2531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi An Li ◽  
Qiang Xu ◽  
Hong Zhou Lin ◽  
Wan Jun Ye
Keyword(s):  
Critical Condition ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Water Content ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Erosion Process ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
The Relationship

Sub-ground erosion often resulted in severe problems in various engineering constructions, most of which is due to the sub-erosion in loess. In this paper, the critical condition of “soil bursting” was analyzed and the formula describing the critical condition of soil bursting was derivated by the analytical method. Furthermore, the velocity of tunnel-erosion in loess and its influential factors were studied. A set of tests are designed to study the relationship between the tunnel-erosion velocity and the key influential factors. The key factors considered in the test include soil density as well as the initial water content. The other purpose is to reveal the characteristics of the tunnel-erosion process. Phenomena observed during the tests together with the data from field survey revealed the mechanism of tunneling in loess very well, and the work in this paper formed a theoretical basis for further study about sub-ground erosion in loess.

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