scholarly journals Flame retardant characteristics of polymerized dopamine hydrochloride coated jute fabric and jute fabric composites

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-63
Author(s):  
Mehmet Öktem ◽  
Bahadir Aydaş
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Flame Propagation ◽  
Jute Fabric ◽  
Dopamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Ul 94 ◽  
Jute Fabrics ◽  
Coated Fabrics ◽  
Natural Fabrics ◽  
Fabric Surface ◽  
Composite Samples

In this paper, fire resistance of natural fabrics and their composites were experimentally investigated. Special interest was given to use bio based materials such as lignin, chlorophosphates, levulinic acid and cardanol in order to exploit their capability to be utilized as flame retardants. Dopamine hydrochloride was polymerized to polydopamine (PDA) and coated to jute fabric surface. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)/Derivative Thermogravimetric (DTG) analyses were performed to examine surface morphology and effect of PDA to degradation behaviour of jute fabrics. Real fire behaviour of non-coated and coated fabrics was observed with torch burn test. UL-94 horizontal flame propagation test was also utilized for composite samples. Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) testing that measures the minimum amount of oxygen required for combustion, was carried out for assessing the ability of the composite samples for their ability against flammability. PDA was seamlessly coated on the surface of the jute fabrics with its surface-active feature without damaging the structure of the fabric as observed in the SEM images. With the support of this coating on the fabric surface, the increase of the decomposition temperature of the material can be clearly seen in TGA/DTG analyses and torch burn test showed the increase in the ignition time. UL-94 horizontal testing resulted in decrease in flame propagation rate of PDA coated composite samples. In addition to this, when the mass loss rates after combustion are examined, it is seen that there is a decrease in mass loss in the coated fabrics. Jute fabrics, a type of natural fabric, can be efficiently coated with PDA, and the fire retardant property of the PDA coating on natural fabrics has been clearly demonstrated.

scholarly journals Thermal and breathability management of microencapsulated phase change material (MPCM) incorporated jute fabric

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 155892502110295
Author(s):  
Abdus Shahid ◽  
Solaiman Miah ◽  
Abdur Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Phase Change Material ◽  
Thermal Fluctuation ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Jute Fabric ◽  
Moisture Management ◽  
Microencapsulated Phase Change Material ◽  
Fabric Surface ◽  
Change Material

Jute bags are widely used to carry food grains and other materials that may be prone to quality deterioration due to thermal fluctuation. Thermal and moisture properties play a significant role in the packaging materials in the form of a container. This study deals with the effect of microencapsulated phase change material (MPCM) with hydrophobic binder on thermal and moisture management properties of jute fabric. Jute fabric was treated with MPCM by pad-dry-cure method. The treated sample was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning colorimeter (DSC), scanning electron microscope (SEM), moisture management tester (MMT), and air permeability tester. The results revealed that MPCM treated jute fabric shows greater thermal stability and heat absorption ability of 10.58 J/g while changing from solid to liquid phase. The SEM image ensures even distribution of MPCMs on fabric surface and surface roughness was also observed using image processing software. The air permeability was found to decrease whereas the water repellency enhanced in the developed sample.

Flammability properties of fire-retardant timber

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
O. N. Korolchenko ◽  
S. G. Tsarichenko ◽  
N. I. Konstantinova
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Flame Propagation ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Timber Structures ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Smoke Generation ◽  
Oak Tree

Introduction. At present, the house-building industry, that produces timber structures, is in the process of sufficiently intensive development; however, high flammability of wood is the factor that restrains widespread use of timber in construction. The purpose of this work is to optimize the conditions of application of fire-retardant timber in the construction industry. The co-authors believe that the following problems are to be solved to attain this objective:● a comparative analysis of the fireproofing efficiency of several fire-proofing agents applied to different species of wood;● determination of the character of influence produced by fire proofing agents on fire retardant properties of wood.Methods of research. The fire proofing efficiency of sample compositions designated for wood was measured in compliance with the benchmark testing method specified in GOST R 53292 (p. 6.2). Experiments were launched pursuant to the methodology and with the help of measurement instruments specified in GOST 30244–94 (Method 2) to study the extent of the pine-tree timber flammability suppression. Critical values of thermal loads that may trigger inflammation and flame propagation in timber structures, that can be described using values of the critical surface density of the heat flow, were determined pursuant to GOST 30402–96 and GOST R 51032–97. The toxicity of combustion products and the smoke generation ability of fire-retardant pine-tree samples was assessed using standard methods and measurement instruments pursuant to GOST 12.1.044–89 (paragraphs 4.18 and 4.20).Research results and discussion. Biological flame retardants, integrated biological flame retardants that also ensure moisture protection, intumescent coatings, lacquers and varnishes that are ready for use and labelled as having group I and II fire-retardant efficiency pursuant to GOST R 53292, were studied in the course of this research project. The co-authors have identified that the mass loss by all fire-retardant compositions is below 9 %, if applied to samples of larch and oak-tree timber, same as if it were applied to standard samples of pine-tree timber.The findings of the experiment conducted to assess the flammability, ignitibility, flame propagation, smoke generation ability and toxicity of combustion products have proven the maximal efficiency of the composition designated for full-cell pressure impregnation of timber that ensures the properties of the material labelled as G1, V1, RP1, T2, D2.Conclusions. Hence, the research results have enabled the co-authors to assess the discrepancy between average mass loss values demonstrated by the samples of different species of timber (alder, linden, pine-tree, larch, and oak-tree).The comprehensive study of flammability properties of timber, treated by compositions that vary in their chemical composition and mode of action of the fire proofing agent, enabled the co-authors to identify the impact produced by versatile fire-proofing agents on different flammability properties of pine-tree timber with regard taken of the fire-safe use of construction materials and constructions of buildings and structures.

Optimization of alkali treatment condition on jute fabric for the development of rigid biocomposite

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 640-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ammayappan Lakshmanan ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Ghosh ◽  
Swati Dasgupta ◽  
Sujay Chakraborty ◽  
Prasanta Kumar Ganguly
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Treatment Condition ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Compression Moulding ◽  
Fabric Reinforcement ◽  
Jute Fabric ◽  
Liquor Ratio ◽  
Jute Fabrics ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Treatment

Jute fiber has poor compatibility with hydrophobic thermosetting polymeric resin for the development of a biocomposite. In this present study, plain weave jute fabric was treated with 1% sodium hydroxide (owf) in three different time (30, 60 and 90 minutes), temperature (30, 40 and 50℃) and material-to-liquor ratio (1:5, 1:10 and 1:15) as per orthogonal array and the treated jute fabrics were used for the preparation of the biocomposite sheet by hand laying-cum-compression moulding method. Developed biocomposite sheets were evaluated for their mechanical properties as per ASTM standards and results were analyzed by Taguchi model to optimize the sodium hydroxide treatment condition. Results inferred that jute fabric reinforcement treated with 1% sodium hydroxide at 50℃ for 60 minutes in 1:10 material-to-liquor ratio could be the optimum condition to develop the biocomposite sheet with higher mechanical properties than other conditions.

Surface treatments of jute fabric: The influence of surface characteristics on jute fabrics and mechanical properties of jute/polyester composites

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kutlay Sever ◽  
Mehmet Sarikanat ◽  
Yoldaş Seki ◽  
Gökhan Erkan ◽  
Ümit Halis Erdoğan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Surface Treatments ◽  
Jute Fabric ◽  
Polyester Composites ◽  
Jute Fabrics

Mechanical, degradation and cytocompatibility properties of magnesium coated phosphate glass fibre reinforced polycaprolactone composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 675-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoling Liu ◽  
Muhammad S Hasan ◽  
David M Grant ◽  
Lee T Harper ◽  
Andrew J Parsons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Phosphate Glass ◽  
Glass Fibre ◽  
Mechanical Degradation ◽  
Osteosarcoma Cell ◽  
Ph Change ◽  
Glass Fibre Reinforced ◽  
Composite Samples

Retention of mechanical properties of phosphate glass fibre reinforced degradable polyesters such as polycaprolactone and polylactic acid in aqueous media has been shown to be strongly influenced by the integrity of the fibre/polymer interface. A previous study utilising ‘single fibre’ fragmentation tests found that coating with magnesium improved the fibre and matrix interfacial shear strength. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a magnesium coating on the manufacture and characterisation of a random chopped fibre reinforced polycaprolactone composite. Short chopped strand non-woven phosphate glass fibre mats were sputter coated with degradable magnesium to manufacture phosphate glass fibre/polycaprolactone composites. The degradation behaviour (water uptake, mass loss and pH change of the media) of these polycaprolactone composites as well as of pure polycaprolactone was investigated in phosphate buffered saline. The Mg coated fibre reinforced composites revealed less water uptake and mass loss during degradation compared to the non-coated composites. The cations released were also explored and a lower ion release profile for all three cations investigated (namely Na+, Mg2+ and Ca2+) was seen for the Mg coated composite samples. An increase of 17% in tensile strength and 47% in tensile modulus was obtained for the Mg coated composite samples. Both flexural and tensile properties were investigated and a higher retention of mechanical properties was obtained for the Mg coated fibre reinforced composite samples up to 10 days immersion in PBS. Cytocompatibility study showed both composite samples (coated and non-coated) had good cytocompatibility with human osteosarcoma cell line.

Analysis of electrical, thermal and compressive properties of alkali-treated jute fabric reinforced composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1407-1423 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Sudha ◽  
G Thilagavathi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Compression Strength ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Compression Moulding ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Jute Fabric ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Jute Fabrics ◽  
Optimized Treatment

The effect of alkali treatment on thermal, electrical and compressive behaviour of jute composite has been studied. The plain woven jute fabrics were manufactured using handloom. The manufactured fabrics were treated with alkali at the optimized treatment conditions of 5% NaOH for 4 h at 30℃ made into a composite of [0°]4 lay-up sequence by means of compression moulding technique using vinyl ester resin. The improvement in the crystallization of the alkali-treated jute fabric was characterized using differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction technique. The composites were characterized for compression strength, thermal conductivity and electrical resistance properties. It is observed from the results that the alkali-treated jute composites showed increased compression strength, electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity of the composites. This may be due to the better adhesion of the fabric–matrix interface with the removal of lignin and hemicelluloses that impart hydrophobicity on the fabric.

Nanocrystalline TiO2 Coated-Fabric for UV Shielding and Anti-Bacterial Functions

2008 ◽  
Vol 569 ◽  
pp. 21-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Nimittrakoolchai ◽  
Sitthisuntorn Supothina
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Tio2 Layer ◽  
Uv Shielding ◽  
Coated Fabric ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Qualitative Test ◽  
Coated Fabrics ◽  
Fabric Surface ◽  
Commercial Tio2

Due to excellent photocatalytic and optical properties of titanium dioxide (TiO2), it has been applied in several products such as food packaging plastics, materials for vehicles or for buildings and sunscreen-protecting cosmetics. In this present work, the synthesized as well as commercial TiO2 was coated onto a household curtain fabric for anti-microbial and ultraviolet (UV) shielding functions. The coating was performed by inducing the deposition of TiO2 layer from the Ti precursor onto the fabric surface pre-treated with silane adhesive agent so as to improve the adhesion. Ag nanoparticles were also incorporated in some samples to further improve the antibacterial function. Anti-bacterial activities of the coated fabric were evaluated by standard qualitative test (the Kirby-Bauer test (AATCC 147)). Efficiency for UV shielding was evaluated by measuring a UV-Vis reflection of the coated fabrics both before and after subjecting to several washing cycles. The result showed that the TiO2-coated fabrics developed had potential as antibacterial and UV shielding for the curtain industry.

scholarly journals Alkali Treatment to Maximize Adhesion of Polypyrrole Coatings for Electro-Conductive Textile Materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zehra Yildiz
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Oxidative Polymerization ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Shielding Effectiveness ◽  
Polyester Fabrics ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Pyrrole Monomer ◽  
Conductive Textile ◽  
Coated Fabrics ◽  
Fabric Surface

In this paper polyester fabrics were pretreated with alkaline solution to improve the ability for the fabric surface to bond with polypyrrole (PPy) coating layer. In situ chemical oxidative polymerization of pyrrole monomer was performed on alkali treated polyester fabrics. Then the fabrics were characterized by FTIR and XRD analysis. The tensile properties of the yarns in both warp and weft directions were measured after alkali treatment and PPy coating processes. The abrasion resistance test was performed on PPy coated fabrics with and without alkali treatment. The surface electrical resistivity of PPy coated fabrics were searched. The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE) properties of fabrics in terms of reflection, absorption and transmission behaviors were also investigated. A significant EMSE value increase (about 27%) was obtained with alkali treatment.

scholarly journals Effect of fixation conditions on yellowing behavior of cellulose powder–coated fabrics

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 155892501982904
Author(s):  
Gizem Manasoglu ◽  
Mehmet Kanik ◽  
Kenan Yildirim
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Cellulose Powder ◽  
Spectroscopy Analysis ◽  
Surface Change ◽  
Coated Fabric ◽  
Powder Samples ◽  
Coated Fabrics ◽  
Fabric Surface

In this study, the yellowing behavior of cellulose powders, which is applied to pretreated polyester woven fabrics with concentrations of 100 g/kg by knife coating technique, was investigated. After drying process, coated fabrics were cured at different conditions to determine the effects of the curing temperature and time on yellowing behaviors. The yellowness–whiteness of coated fabrics was measured with a spectrophotometer according to ASTM E313. As the curing temperature and time increase, yellowing effect was more observable. However, the effect of temperature increase is found to be more significant than the increase in curing duration in terms of more observed yellowness. In order to investigate the reason of yellowing, cellulose powder samples were heated in drying oven at three different heating temperatures (130°C, 150°C, and 170°C) for three different heating periods (3, 5, and 7 min). Then, thermal gravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis of powder samples were performed for each temperature–period combinations. No ring-opening reaction on the cellulose group was found in the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. However, the changes in the spectra can be attributed to the chain breakage in the cellulose macromolecules as well as water loss from the molecular structure during the heating process. Microscopic and scanning electron microscopic analysis was carried out to see any surface change on the fiber and coated fabric. There was no detectable surface change on the fiber and coated fabric surface, apart from a color change on the fabric surface.

scholarly journals Electrothermal Modeling and Analysis of Polypyrrole-Coated Wearable E-Textiles

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 550
Author(s):  
Akif Kaynak ◽  
Ali Zolfagharian ◽  
Toby Featherby ◽  
Mahdi Bodaghi ◽  
M. A. Parvez Mahmud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Joule Heating ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Atmospheric Plasma ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Numerical Work ◽  
Coated Fabrics ◽  
Fabric Surface

The inhomogeneity of the resistance of conducting polypyrrole-coated nylon–Lycra and polyester (PET) fabrics and its effects on surface temperature were investigated through a systematic experimental and numerical work including the optimization of coating conditions to determine the lowest resistivity conductive fabrics and establish a correlation between the fabrication conditions and the efficiency and uniformity of Joule heating in conductive textiles. For this purpose, the effects of plasma pre-treatment and molar concentration analysis of the dopant anthraquinone sulfonic acid (AQSA), oxidant ferric chloride, and monomer pyrrole was carried out to establish the conditions to determine the sample with the lowest electrical resistance for generating heat and model the experiments using the finite element modeling (FEM). Both PET and nylon-Lycra underwent atmospheric plasma treatment to functionalize the fabric surface to improve the binding of the polymer and obtain coatings with reduced resistance. Both fabrics were compared in terms of average electrical resistance for both plasma treated and untreated samples. The plasma treatment induced deep black coatings with lower resistance. Then, heat-generating experiments were conducted on the polypyrrole (PPy) coated fabrics with the lowest resistance using a variable power supply to study the distribution and maximum value of the temperature. The joule heating model was developed to predict the heating of the conductive fabrics via finite element analysis. The model was based on the measured electrical resistance at different zones of the coated fabrics. It was shown that, when the fabric was backed with neoprene insulation, it would heat up quicker and more evenly. The average electrical resistance of the PPy-PET sample used was 190 Ω, and a maximum temperature reading of 43 °C was recorded. The model results exhibited good agreement with thermal camera data.

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