scholarly journals Risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases: A follow-up model

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 470-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslava Hovan-Somborac
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
General Practice ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
Medical Documentation ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Basic Medical

Chronic non-communicable diseases are caused by interaction between numerous environmental and socio-economic factors and biological response of the human body. They are gaining importance due to the fact that they largely depend on common risk factors, of which more than 70% can be prevented. In 1996, an integrated health prevention program for chronic non-communicable disease based on the Aims of the World Health Organization ?Health for all in the 21st century? was designed in the Republic of Serbia. This program concerns the whole population and measures for its implementation. For its successful realization it is necessary to define standard procedures: uniform terminology, diagnostics, therapy and rehabilitation, its risk factors. The aim of this study was to establish data from basic medical documentation of the primary health care and propose a more efficient and effective evidence, as well as to establish a program for surveillance, prevention and control of mass non-communicable diseases within the existing medical documentation. The data were gathered from medical records of the general practice and occupational health services. A special questionnaire was designed to register data from medical records. Medical records of general practice and occupational health service in Kikinda have been analyzed. The existing medical documentation is insufficient regarding data necessary for evidence, surveillance and analysis of risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases. A follow-up model for surveillance and evidence of risk factors in basic medical documentation, which should be incorporated in routine statistical reports, would actively include medical professionals - doctors and medical staff in prevention and detection of risk factors.

scholarly journals Prevalence of risk factors of non-communicable diseases among rural population of Bidar

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 2681
Author(s):  
Mahesh B. Tondare ◽  
Naveenkumar G. Havale ◽  
Rahul C. Bedre ◽  
Pallavi Kesari
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
Status Report ◽  
Socioeconomic Class ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Physical Measurements ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Unskilled Workers

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) global status report on NCDs in 2010 showed that NCDs are the highest leading cause of death over the developed and developing countries. More than 36 million people died from NCDs in 2008 from cardiovascular diseases (48%), cancers (21%), chronic respiratory diseases (12%), and diabetes (3%). Methods: The present study carried out among 2957 rural population in rural field practice area of department of community medicine. Using the WHO STEPS approach, information on risk factors of non-communicable diseases (NCD) like socio demographic, behavioural, physiological and physical measurements were obtained through standardized protocol. Results: Among the 2957 people studied 48.6% were in age group of 15–35 years. 68.1% were having education below secondary/higher secondary. 47.2% belonged to lower middle and 39.6% belonged to lower socioeconomic class. 44.8% of them were either farmers or labour/ unskilled workers. In the studied population 29.93% were currently using tobacco either in the form of chewing or smoking, among these 98.42% were males. 27.29% were currently consuming alcohol, of these males comprised 97.77%. Among the studied population 13.3% were hypertensive and 3.42% were diabetics. Conclusions: In this study majority belonged to lower middle or lower socioeconomic class, with occupation as either farmer or labour/ unskilled workers. Among those who consumed tobacco and alcohol as risk factors for NCD, majority were males. The prevalence of hypertension was more compared to diabetes. 

scholarly journals Theoretical grounds for assessing health risks factors caused by self-isolation

2021 ◽  
pp. 143-150
Author(s):  
O.V. Mitrokhin ◽  
◽  
N.A. Ermakova ◽  
E.V. Belova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Risk Factors ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
Isolation Index

Billions of people had to face self-isolation for several months due to COVID-19 pandemic; given that, it seems quite vital to provide theoretical grounds for sanitary-hygienic health risk assessment. Our research objects were people who had to self-isolate during CIVID-19 pandemic. In our research we provided theoretical substantiation for priority health risk factors determined by hypodynamia, hypoxia, improper nutrition, distorted work and leisure regime, and psychoemotional strain. These factors can result in growing morbidity with non-communicable diseases among population. Our research goal was to give theoretical grounds for sanitary-hygienic assessment of health risk factors caused by self-isolation, to reveal priority health risk factors causing morbidity with non-communicable diseases, and to give recommendations on how to prevent it. We applied analytical, information, and statistical procedures in our research. Data were obtained from regulatory and legal documents on sanitary-hygienic standardization in the Russian Federation, specifically, data on nutrition hygiene, occupational hygiene, children and teenagers hygiene, etc.; we also revised scientific works published by Russian and foreign authors and analyzed documents issued by the World Health Organization as well as by public healthcare authorities in different countries during COVID-19 pandemic. When developing theoretical grounds for sanitary-hygienic assessment of health risk factors causing morbidity with non-communicable diseases due to self-isolation, we determined priority risk factors and suggested certain hygienic criteria for assessing self-isolation. We provided theoretical substantiation for a suggested hygienic self-isolation index and its score estimate. The existing system for sanitary-hygienic standardization in the RF fixes requirements for nutrition, work, and leisure regime as well as people’s physical activity; it was applied for performing hygienic assessment of self-isolation and self-isolation index score estimates. We suggested certain activities aimed at minimizing health risks under self-isolation; these activities were based on sanitary-hygienic standards. Since hypodynamia and hypoxia are primary sanitary-hygienic health risk factors, we suggest sticking to adequate nutrition with optimal energy capacity, proper physical activity, as well as proper work and leisure regimes.

scholarly journals Nutrition as risk factor for development of chronic non-communicable diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-53
Author(s):  
Vesna Lazić ◽  
Biljana Mijović ◽  
Miloš Maksimović
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factor ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
The World ◽  
Unhealthy Diet

Chronic non-communicable diseases are diseases that arise as a response of the human body to a number of factors, the most important of which are ecological and socio-economic factors. According to the World Health Organization, their classification is based on mortality and morbidity statistics. The top four leading causes of death are as follows: cardiovascular diseases, malignancies, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) present a global public health problem, leading to over 40 million deaths a year, whereby the population aged 30 to 69 years account for one third of the total number of deaths. Risk factors for the development of chronic NCDs can be divided into metabolic and environmental ones. Metabolic risk factors include hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and obesity. Environmental risk factors include: alcohol and tobacco consumption, followed by physical inactivity and unhealthy diet. Unhealthy diet, apart from posing a risk for the development of NCDs, is also the cause of metabolic risk factor development, namely hypertension and obesity. The world nutritional authorities are focused on making dietary recommendations to prevent the rising trend and subsequently reduce morbidity from NCDs.

scholarly journals A New Look at the Role of Behavioral Risk Factors in the Development of Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases on the Example of Arterial Hypertension

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (38) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Gulzhan Mukhanova ◽  
◽  
Nurlan Imambayev ◽  
Marina Bakirova ◽  
Laura Sakhanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Number Of Patients

Abstract According to the world health organization, the prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases has reached epidemic proportions. In today’s world there is a significant increase in the number of patients with arterial hypertension annually. The reasons for the development of this disease, in addition to adverse environmental conditions, are a number of factors related to the lifestyle of a person, as well as behavioral risk factors (bad habits) that provoke violations of the body’s functions and, as a result, the development of the disease. The most significant of them are: overweight, excessive salt consumption, smoking and alcohol abuse, and sedentary lifestyle. These factors are manageable, because as a result of corrective measures, it is possible to reduce their negative impact on the body or to eliminate it completely. In this regard, raising public awareness and actively combating manageable risk factors at the state level is crucial for arterial hypertension prevention. Key words: non-communicable diseases, arterial hypertension, arterial pressure, cardiovascular diseases, risk factors.

scholarly journals Incidence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in HIV patients on ART in a developing country: Case of Zimbabwe’s Chitungwiza Central Hospital—A retrospective cohort study (2010–2019)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0252180
Author(s):  
Alexander Cheza ◽  
Boikhutso Tlou ◽  
Danai Tavonga Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Central Hospital ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

Introduction The incidence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) has been reported to be rising over the years leading up to 2010. In Zimbabwe, there are few studies done to examine the incidence of NCDs in people living with HIV (PLHIV) on anti-retroviral treatment (ART). Objective To determine the incidence of NCDs in HIV patients on ART at the Chitungwiza Central Hospital over ten years and the associated risk factors. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study using data from 203 patients enrolled on ART at the Chitungwiza Central Hospital between 2010 and 2019. All 500 records were considered and the selection was based on participants’ consenting to the study and their strict adherence to ART without absconding. The incidence of NCDs was determined and generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to estimate the association between NCDs and the selected risk factors. Findings Data collected at the study’s baseline (2010) showed that the most prevalent NCD was hypertension, found in (18/203) 8.9% of the study participants, followed by diabetes (6.9%), then followed by cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (3.9%), and the least common NCD was cancer (1.9%). Incidences of all of these NCDs showed an increasing trend as the time of follow-up progressed. The factors found to be significantly associated with the development of NCDs were gender (p = 0.002) and follow-up time (p<0.001). Geographical location was a significant risk factor as urban patients were more likely to develop hypertension as compared to the peri-urban patients (p = 0.001). Conclusions NCDs and HIV comorbidity is common with women more likely than males to develop NCDs as they advance in age. There is need to devise targeted intervention approach to the respective NCDs and risk factors since they affect differently in relation to the demographic details of the participants. Recommendations This paper recommends a multi-stakeholder approach to the management of NCDs, with researchers, clinicians and the government and its various arms taking a leading role.

scholarly journals Women Are More Vulnerable to Non-communicable Diseases in Rural and Urban Bangladesh (P18-082-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malay Mridha ◽  
Mehedi Hasan ◽  
Showkat Khan ◽  
Mokbul Hossain ◽  
Ipsita Sutradhar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
And Control

Abstract Objectives In Bangladesh, the burden of non-communicable diseases (NCD) and their risk factors is increasing. We wanted to assess the vulnerability of women by analyzing the differences in risk factors by gender. Methods Between February to May 2018, we carried out a cross-sectional survey to determine the baseline status of the NCD risk factors and prevalence of hypertension and diabetes among >30 years old men and women in selected intervention and control sites in the rural and urban areas of an NCD project in Bangladesh. We interviewed 2464 men (1268 in rural and 1196 in urban areas) and 2466 women (1273 in rural and 1193 in urban areas) and administered blood pressure and anthropometric assessment using the World Health Organization STEPS questionnaire and standard operating procedures. We carried out descriptive analysis using STATA 13.0. Results Ninety seven % of men were married at the time of interview but 22% of women were widowed. Prevalence of inadequate fruits and vegetable consumption (77% vs 65%), lack of physical activity (78% vs 59%), overweight and obesity (37% vs 18%), high waist circumference (31% vs 5%), hypertension (28% vs 24%), uncontrolled hypertension after medication (44% vs 63%), self-reported diabetes (11% vs 9%) was higher among women than men. Treatment seeking from a doctor for hypertension (76% vs 73%), intake of anti-diabetic drugs (94% vs 89%) was lower among women than men. Conclusions In Bangladesh, the prevalence of selected behavioral and clinical risk factors was higher among women than men. Treatment seeking behavior is slightly better among men than the women. The government should take the vulnerability of women into account while designing and implementing programs to prevent and control NCD in Bangladesh. Funding Sources Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA).

scholarly journals Theoretical grounds for assessing health risks factors caused by self-isolation

2021 ◽  
pp. 143-150
Author(s):  
O.V. Mitrokhin ◽  
◽  
N.A. Ermakova ◽  
E.V. Belova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Risk Factors ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
Isolation Index

Billions of people had to face self-isolation for several months due to COVID-19 pandemic; given that, it seems quite vital to provide theoretical grounds for sanitary-hygienic health risk assessment. Our research objects were people who had to self-isolate during CIVID-19 pandemic. In our research we provided theoretical substantiation for priority health risk factors determined by hypodynamia, hypoxia, improper nutrition, distorted work and leisure regime, and psychoemotional strain. These factors can result in growing morbidity with non-communicable diseases among population. Our research goal was to give theoretical grounds for sanitary-hygienic assessment of health risk factors caused by self-isolation, to reveal priority health risk factors causing morbidity with non-communicable diseases, and to give recommendations on how to prevent it. We applied analytical, information, and statistical procedures in our research. Data were obtained from regulatory and legal documents on sanitary-hygienic standardization in the Russian Federation, specifically, data on nutrition hygiene, occupational hygiene, children and teenagers hygiene, etc.; we also revised scientific works published by Russian and foreign authors and analyzed documents issued by the World Health Organization as well as by public healthcare authorities in different countries during COVID-19 pandemic. When developing theoretical grounds for sanitary-hygienic assessment of health risk factors causing morbidity with non-communicable diseases due to self-isolation, we determined priority risk factors and suggested certain hygienic criteria for assessing self-isolation. We provided theoretical substantiation for a suggested hygienic self-isolation index and its score estimate. The existing system for sanitary-hygienic standardization in the RF fixes requirements for nutrition, work, and leisure regime as well as people’s physical activity; it was applied for performing hygienic assessment of self-isolation and self-isolation index score estimates. We suggested certain activities aimed at minimizing health risks under self-isolation; these activities were based on sanitary-hygienic standards. Since hypodynamia and hypoxia are primary sanitary-hygienic health risk factors, we suggest sticking to adequate nutrition with optimal energy capacity, proper physical activity, as well as proper work and leisure regimes.

scholarly journals Prevalence of non-communicable diseases risk factors and their determinants: Results from STEPS survey 2019, Nepal

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0253605
Author(s):  
Bihungum Bista ◽  
Meghnath Dhimal ◽  
Saroj Bhattarai ◽  
Tamanna Neupane ◽  
Yvonne Yiru Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Coordination Mechanism ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
World Health ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Steps Survey

Background The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends ongoing surveillance of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and their risk factors, using the WHO STEPwise approach to surveillance (STEPS). The aim of this study was to assess the distribution and determinants of NCD risk factors in Nepal, a low-income country, in which two-thirds (66%) of annual deaths are attributable to NCDs. Methods A nationally representative NCD risk factors STEPS survey (instrument version 3.2), was conducted between February and May 2019, among 6,475 eligible participants of age 15–69 years sampled from all 7 provinces through multistage sampling process. Data collection involved assessment of behavioral and biochemical risk factors. Complex survey analysis was completed in STATA 15, along with Poisson regression modelling to examine associations between covariates and risk factor prevalence. Results The most prevalent risk factor was consumption of less than five servings of fruit and vegetables a day (97%; 95% CI: 94.3–98.0). Out of total participants, 17% (95% CI: 15.1–19.1) were current smoker, 6.8% (95% CI: 5.3–8.2) were consuming ≥60g/month alcohol per month and 7.4% (95% CI:5.7–10.1) were having low level of physical activity. Approximately, 24.3% (95% CI: 21.6–27.2) were overweight or obese (BMI≥25kg/m2) while 24.5% (95% CI: 22.4–26.7) and 5.8% (95% CI: 4.3–7.3) had raised blood pressure (BP) and raised blood glucose respectively. Similarly, the prevalence of raised total cholesterol was 11% (95% CI: 9.6–12.6). Sex and education level of participants were statistically associated with smoking, harmful alcohol use and raised BP. Participants of age 30–44 years and 45–69 years were found to have increased risk of overweight, raised BP, raised blood sugar and raised blood cholesterol. Similarly, participants in richest wealth quintile had higher odds of insufficient physical inactivity, overweight and raised blood cholesterol. On average, each participant had 2 NCD related risk factors (2.04, 95% CI: 2.02–2.08). Conclusion A large portion of the Nepalese population are living with a variety of NCD risk factors. These surveillance data should be used to support and monitor province specific NCD prevention and control interventions throughout Nepal, supported by a multi-sectoral national coordination mechanism.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Risk Factors for Non-Communicable Diseases in the Adult Population of Urban Areas in Kabul City, Afghanistan

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khwaja Mir Islam Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
World Health ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

Background: Non-Communicable diseases (NCDs) are a major global problem. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of common risk factors for NCDs among the adult population in urban areas of Kabul city, Afghanistan.Methods and Materials: This study was conducted from December 2011 through March 2012 and involved a survey of 1169 respondents, aged 40 years and above. Multistage cluster sampling was used for participant selection, followed by random sampling of the participants. The World Health Organization STEPwise approachfor Surveillance (STEPS) was modified and used for this study. Results: The overall prevalence of smoking was 5.1% (14.7% men versus 0.3% women) and using mouth snuff was 24.4% in men and 1.3% in women. The prevalence of obesity and hypertension were 19.1% and 45.2 % in men and 37.3% and 46.5% in women. Prevalence of diabetes was 16.1% in men and 12% in women. The overall prevalence of obesity, hypertension and diabetes mellitus was 31.2%, 46% and 13.3%, respectively. On average, subjects consumed 3.37 servings of fruit and 2.96 servings of leafy vegetables per week. Mean walking and sitting hours per week (as proxies for physical activity) were 19.4 and 20.5, respectively. A multivariate model demonstrated that age was a significant risk factor for obesity (OR=1.86), diabetes (OR=2/09) and hypertension (OR=4.1). Obesity was significantly associated with sex (OR=1.65). Conclusion: These results highlight the need for interventions to reduce and prevent risk factors of non-communicable diseases in urban areas of Kabul City, Afghanistan.

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