scholarly journals Prevalence of Risk Factors for Non-Communicable Diseases in the Adult Population of Urban Areas in Kabul City, Afghanistan

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khwaja Mir Islam Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
World Health ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

Background: Non-Communicable diseases (NCDs) are a major global problem. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of common risk factors for NCDs among the adult population in urban areas of Kabul city, Afghanistan.Methods and Materials: This study was conducted from December 2011 through March 2012 and involved a survey of 1169 respondents, aged 40 years and above. Multistage cluster sampling was used for participant selection, followed by random sampling of the participants. The World Health Organization STEPwise approachfor Surveillance (STEPS) was modified and used for this study. Results: The overall prevalence of smoking was 5.1% (14.7% men versus 0.3% women) and using mouth snuff was 24.4% in men and 1.3% in women. The prevalence of obesity and hypertension were 19.1% and 45.2 % in men and 37.3% and 46.5% in women. Prevalence of diabetes was 16.1% in men and 12% in women. The overall prevalence of obesity, hypertension and diabetes mellitus was 31.2%, 46% and 13.3%, respectively. On average, subjects consumed 3.37 servings of fruit and 2.96 servings of leafy vegetables per week. Mean walking and sitting hours per week (as proxies for physical activity) were 19.4 and 20.5, respectively. A multivariate model demonstrated that age was a significant risk factor for obesity (OR=1.86), diabetes (OR=2/09) and hypertension (OR=4.1). Obesity was significantly associated with sex (OR=1.65). Conclusion: These results highlight the need for interventions to reduce and prevent risk factors of non-communicable diseases in urban areas of Kabul City, Afghanistan.

scholarly journals Women Are More Vulnerable to Non-communicable Diseases in Rural and Urban Bangladesh (P18-082-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malay Mridha ◽  
Mehedi Hasan ◽  
Showkat Khan ◽  
Mokbul Hossain ◽  
Ipsita Sutradhar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
And Control

Abstract Objectives In Bangladesh, the burden of non-communicable diseases (NCD) and their risk factors is increasing. We wanted to assess the vulnerability of women by analyzing the differences in risk factors by gender. Methods Between February to May 2018, we carried out a cross-sectional survey to determine the baseline status of the NCD risk factors and prevalence of hypertension and diabetes among >30 years old men and women in selected intervention and control sites in the rural and urban areas of an NCD project in Bangladesh. We interviewed 2464 men (1268 in rural and 1196 in urban areas) and 2466 women (1273 in rural and 1193 in urban areas) and administered blood pressure and anthropometric assessment using the World Health Organization STEPS questionnaire and standard operating procedures. We carried out descriptive analysis using STATA 13.0. Results Ninety seven % of men were married at the time of interview but 22% of women were widowed. Prevalence of inadequate fruits and vegetable consumption (77% vs 65%), lack of physical activity (78% vs 59%), overweight and obesity (37% vs 18%), high waist circumference (31% vs 5%), hypertension (28% vs 24%), uncontrolled hypertension after medication (44% vs 63%), self-reported diabetes (11% vs 9%) was higher among women than men. Treatment seeking from a doctor for hypertension (76% vs 73%), intake of anti-diabetic drugs (94% vs 89%) was lower among women than men. Conclusions In Bangladesh, the prevalence of selected behavioral and clinical risk factors was higher among women than men. Treatment seeking behavior is slightly better among men than the women. The government should take the vulnerability of women into account while designing and implementing programs to prevent and control NCD in Bangladesh. Funding Sources Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA).

scholarly journals Profile of risk factors for Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) in a highly urbanized district of India: Findings from Puducherry district-wide STEPS Survey, 2019–20

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245254
Author(s):  
Parthibane Sivanantham ◽  
Jayaprakash Sahoo ◽  
Subitha Lakshminarayanan ◽  
Zachariah Bobby ◽  
Sitanshu Sekhar Kar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Physical Measurements

Introduction Rapid urbanization and industrialization drives the rising burden of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) worldwide that are characterized by uptake of unhealthy lifestyle such as tobacco and alcohol use, physical inactivity and unhealthy diet. In India, the prevalence of various NCDs and its risk factors shows wide variations across geographic regions necessitating region-specific evidence for population-based prevention and control of NCDs. Objective To estimate the prevalence of behavioral and biological risk factors of NCDs among adult population (18–69 years) in the Puducherry district located in Southern part of India. Methodology We surveyed adults using the World Health Organization (WHO) prescribed STEPwise approach to NCD surveillance (STEPS) during February 2019 to February 2020. A total of 2560 individuals were selected from urban and rural areas (50 clusters in each) through multi-stage cluster random sampling method. STEPS instrument was used to assess behavioral and physical measurements. Fasting blood sample was collected to estimate biochemical risk factors (Diabetes, Hypercholesterolemia) of NCDs. Results Among men, alcohol use 40.4% (95% CI: 37.4–43.4) was almost twice higher compared to tobacco use 24.4% (95% CI: 21.7–26.9). Nearly half of the population was physically inactive 45.8% (95% CI: 43.8–47.8) and obese 46.1% (95% CI: 44–48.1). Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were present among one-third 33.6% (95% CI: 31.6–35.5) and one-fourth 26.7% (95% CI: 24.1–29.1) of the population which were significantly higher among men (37.1% vs 30.8% and 31.6% vs 23.2% respectively). Physical inactivity and overweight/obesity increased with increasing education levels. Tobacco and alcohol use was more common among men, whereas physical inactivity with obesity and hypercholesterolemia was higher among women. Conclusion We found high prevalence of various NCDs and its risk factors among the adult population of Puducherry district.

scholarly journals Prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases among adult population in district Amritsar of Punjab

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 2873
Author(s):  
Kanwal Preet Kaur Gill ◽  
Priyanka Devgun ◽  
Shyam Lal Mahajan ◽  
Harpreet Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
Training Centre ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Physical Measurements

Background: The burden of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is rising rapidly all over the world. World Health Organization recommends surveillance of risk factors in different countries so that appropriate intervention is implemented to cut down the morbidity and mortality from NCDs. Hence, the presented study was planned with the objective of assessing the prevalence of common modifiable risk factors for NCDs in district Amritsar of Punjab.Methods: The study was conducted in Urban Health Training Centre of Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar. Sample size of 400 was calculated by adopting WHO Stepwise approach to surveillance guidelines. Behavioural risk factors, physical measurements and biochemical measurements were studied. Data was collected, compiled and analyzed by using SPSS 19.0 for windows evaluation version. Results: Majority of study subjects (98.75%) were taking inadequate vegetable and fruit servings irrespective of their age, gender, place of residence and educational status. The prevalence of physical exercise was also very low with only 86 (21.5%) of study subjects doing minimum recommended physical exercise. Among men, 27% of them were drinking alcohol, but among women, there was only one. Prevalence of smoking was very low (1.5%). Nearly one third (30.7%) of study subjects were overweight, 13.3% were obese, 35.3% were hyperglycemic and 36.7% were hypertensive. The prevalence of all these risk factors was found to be higher in higher age group.Conclusions: Low physical activity coupled with poor fruits and vegetables intake and alcohol consumption along with high prevalence of obesity, diabetes and hypertension is worrisome and needs to be addressed effectively.

scholarly journals Relationship between childhood obesity and dietary behavior in selected school-going children from Dhaka city, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 2469
Author(s):  
Mohammad Rahanur Alam ◽  
Mohammad Asadul Habib ◽  
A. K. Obidul Huq ◽  
Sumaiya Mamun ◽  
Sompa Reza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Dietary Behavior ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: The prevalence of non-communicable diseases is rising in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. Obesity is one of the significant risk factors for many non-communicable diseases. This research aimed to investigate the current prevalence of overweight and obesity among children in selected schools in Dhaka City through anthropometric evaluation, as well as to assess the correlation of various environmental determinants such as physical activity, dietary behavior, lifestyle habits, are associated with increased risk of obesity in children.Methods: This school-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 106 participants (50 male and 56 female participants) aged 6-14 years selected by convenience sampling from four randomly selected primary schools of different regions of Dhaka city. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data.Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among school-going children 24.5%, 68% respectively. Factors associated with being obese included type of game (χ2=34.036; p=0.001), total playtime (χ2=17.788; p=0.000), TV and computer watch time (χ2=27.321; p=0.007), spend money to buy fast food (χ2=26.451; p=0.002), eating days fast food in a week (χ2=24.825; p=0.003), type of tiffin (χ2=19.757; p=0.072).Conclusions: Less playtime, longer watching TV and computer, and eating more fast food are major risk factors for overweight and obesity among school-going children in Dhaka city. Interventions are needed to increase awareness of child overweight weight and obesity risk factors to decrease the prevalence of overweight and obesity.

scholarly journals Association between socioeconomic status and prevalence of non-communicable diseases risk factors and comorbidities in Bangladesh: findings from a nationwide cross-sectional survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e025538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuhin Biswas ◽  
Nick Townsend ◽  
Md Saimul Islam ◽  
Md Rajibul Islam ◽  
Rajat Das Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the prevalence and distribution in the comorbidity of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among the adult population in Bangladesh by measures of socioeconomic status (SES).DesignThis was a cross-sectional study.SettingThis study used Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2011 data.ParticipantsTotal 8763 individuals aged ≥35 years were included.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome measures were diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN) and overweight/obesity. The study further assesses factors (in particular SES) associated with these comorbidities (DM, HTN and overweight/obesity).ResultsOf 8763 adults,12% had DM, 27% HTN and 22% were overweight/obese (body mass index ≥23 kg/m2). Just over 1% of the sample had all three conditions, 3% had both DM and HTN, 3% DM and overweight/obesity and 7% HTN and overweight/obesity. DM, HTN and overweight/obesity were more prevalent those who had higher education, were non-manual workers, were in the richer to richest SES and lived in urban settings. Individuals in higher SES groups were also more likely to suffer from comorbidities. In the multivariable analysis, it was found that individual belonging to the richest wealth quintile had the highest odds of having HTN (adjusted OR (AOR) 1.49, 95% CI 1.29 to 1.72), DM (AOR 1.63, 95% CI 1.25 to 2.14) and overweight/obesity (AOR 4.3, 95% CI 3.32 to 5.57).ConclusionsIn contrast to more affluent countries, individuals with NCDs risk factors and comorbidities are more common in higher SES individuals. Public health approaches must consider this social patterning in tackling NCDs in the country.

scholarly journals Prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases in Aligarh: a community based study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 2576
Author(s):  
Riyaz Ahmad S. ◽  
Mohd Haroon Khan ◽  
M. Athar Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCD) are now recognized as major cause of morbidity and mortality. All countries, irrespective of their stage of economic development or demographic and epidemiological transition, face an increasing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of risk factors associated with non-communicable diseases.Methods: This is a community based cross sectional study conducted at field practice areas of the urban and rural health training centers, Department of Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh. 640 study subject’s age group 18-65 years. Systematic random sampling and proportionate to population size method (PPS). SPSS version 13 and Chi-square was used to analyse the data.Results: The age group for the present study was chosen to be 18-65 years of age. The study population consisted of 340 females and 300 males. 27.1% belong to younger age group (18-25 years), whereas in urban areas majority (27.3%) belongs to 26-35 years age group. Also, the study group comprised of higher percentage of females (53%) compared to males (47%).129 (20.2%) subjects were found to be current smokers. Only 4 (1.3%) women were smokers. The prevalence of smokeless tobacco use which was found to be 21.6% (28.3% in males and 15.6% in females). The prevalence of current alcohol use in our study to be 10.3% in males and 0.6% in females. The overall prevalence of alcohol use was 5.2%. Alcohol use showed inverse relation with socioeconomic class, About 87% of the respondents did not have sufficient intake of fruits and vegetables. The physical inactivity during work was more in males (30.7%) compared to females (15.5%. Mean body weight, BMI and waist circumference showed significant changes with age in both sexes.Conclusions: It can be concluded from our study that the burden of risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among the rural and urban areas of Aligarh is quite high.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Dietary Behaviours, Health-Related Habits and Prevalence of Non-Communicable Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Study in Botswana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gobopamang Letamo ◽  
Mpho Keetile ◽  
Kannan Navaneetham ◽  
Keitumetse Medupi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Health Related

Abstract Background There is scanty information regarding sex or gender differences in health-related habits, NCD risk factors, and prevalence of NCDs in Botswana. The purpose of this study is to assess the influence of gender differences on health-related habits, weight status, common NCD risk factors, and on the prevalence of non-communicable diseases. Methods A cross-sectional, population-based survey called the Botswana STEPS Survey II which was conducted in 2014 based on people aged 15–64 years. The survey used a multi-stage cluster sampling methodology to arrive at nationally representative sample. As such during analysis of data, a complex sample module from SPSS was adopted to account for the multiple stages of sampling. The predicted probabilities of outcome variables were derived by controlling the covariates. A total sample size of 2947 participants aged 25–64 years were used in this study. Results The study results showed that a statistically significant high predicted percentage of men compared to women smoked tobacco (34.4%, 95% CI: 33.5–35.1 vs. 4.4%, 95% CI: 4.3–4.5). Men were also consistently engaging in heavy alcohol use and low consumption of fruit and/or vegetables, and these differences were statistically significant. On the other, physical inactivity among women was higher than men. Controlling other covariates, a higher predicted probability of women than men were overweight (28.7%, 95% CI: 28.6–28.8 vs. 18.3%, 95% CI: 18.0-18.6) and obese (25.8%, 95% CI: 25.4–26.2 vs. 10.2%, 95% CI: 9.9–10.5). Women are at the greater risk of developing NCDs compared to men since the adjusted prevalence of at least 3 common risk factors were more among women than men. A higher adjusted predicted prevalence of women than men suffered from hypertension (39.4%, 95% CI: 38.9–40.0 vs. 26.1%, 95% CI: 25.5–26.8). Conclusions Overall, the study observed that there were gender differences in health-related habits, malnutrition, NCD risk factors and NCD prevalence. Appropriate policies and programmes need to be adopted in order to urgently address the problem of NCDs.

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