scholarly journals 120 years since the discovery of X-rays

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 323-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rade Babic ◽  
Stankovic Babic ◽  
Strahinja Babic ◽  
Nevena Babic
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
German Physicist ◽  
Neue Art ◽  
Nikola Tesla ◽  
The Fantastic ◽  
Roentgen Rays ◽  
120Th Anniversary

This paper is intended to celebrate the 120th anniversary of the discovery of X-rays. X-rays (Roentgen-rays) were discovered on the 8th of November, 1895 by the German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen. Fifty days after the discovery of X-ray, on December 28, 1895, Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen published a paper about the discovery of X-rays - ?On a new kind of rays? (Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen: ?ber eine neue Art von Strahlen. In: Sitzungsberichte der W?rzburger Physik.-Medic.-Gesellschaft. 1895.). Therefore, the date of 28th of December, 1895 was taken as the date of X-rays discovery. This paper describes the work of Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen, Nikola Tesla, Mihajlo Pupin and Maria Sklodowska-Curie about the nature of X-rays. The fantastic four - Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen, Nikola Tesla, Mihajlo Idvorski Pupin and Maria Sklodowska-Curie set the foundation of radiology with their discovery and study of X-rays. Five years after the discovery of X-rays, in 1900, Dr Avram Vinaver had the first X-ray machine installed in Sabac, in Serbia at the time when many developed countries did not have an X-ray machine and thus set the foundation of radiology in Serbia.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF ROENTGEN RAYS ON CELL-VIRUS ASSOCIATIONS

1943 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. Friedewald ◽  
Rubert S. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
X Rays ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Cellular Division ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Domestic Rabbits ◽  
Roentgen Rays

The virus-induced papillomas of cottontail as well as domestic rabbits regress completely within a few weeks when exposed to 5,000 r of x-ray irradiation. The x-rays do not immediately kill the papilloma cells, but lead to death by inhibiting cellular division and producing pathological changes in the cells which then continue to differentiate. The virus associated with the growths, however, not only persists in undiminished amount during regression, but often an increased yield of it can be obtained on extraction. The fibroma virus in crude extracts or in vivo is inactivated by far less irradiation than the papilloma virus. 10,000 r destroys 90 per cent or more of the infectivity of the fibroma virus, whereas at least 100,000 r is required to inactivate 50 per cent of the papilloma virus in extracts containing about the same amount of protein. No variant of the papilloma virus or fibroma virus has been encountered as a result of the irradiation.

scholarly journals A Cosmology of Invisible Fluids: Wireless, X-Rays, and Psychical Research Around 1900

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Natale
Keyword(s):  
X Rays ◽  
Psychical Research ◽  
Wireless System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Public ◽  
German Physicist ◽  
Guglielmo Marconi

ABSRACT: On December 28, 1895, the German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen disclosed his discovery of X-rays to the public. Just a few months later, Guglielmo Marconi successfully demonstrated his wireless system at Salisbury Plain, England. This article traces the relations between the early histories of wireless and X-ray technology. It does so by highlighting the role played by psychic research to open the connections between different technologies and knowledges. The disclosure of occult connections between these two technologies helps to locate the cultural reception of wireless around 1900 in a wider cosmology of rays and invisible forces.RÉSUMÉ : Le 28 Decembre 1895, le physicien allemand Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen révélait au monde sa découverte des rayons X. Quelques mois plus tard, Guglielmo Marconi faisait une démonstration de son système de télégraphie sans-fil en Angleterre, à Salisbury Plain. En examinant la parapsychologie comme un champ propice à la mise en relation entre les technologies et les connaissances les plus hétéroclites, cet article reconstruit les liens entre la télégraphie sans-fil et les rayons X. L’étude de ces liens occultes permet de situer la reception culturelle de la transmission sans-fils autour de 1900 dans une cosmologie des rayons et forces invisibles.

scholarly journals Nikola Tesla and medicine: 160th anniversary of the birth of the genius who gave light to the world - part I

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 313-322
Author(s):  
Danijela Vucevic ◽  
Drago Djordjevic ◽  
Tatjana Radosavljevic
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nikola Tesla ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Biologic Effects ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Harmful Effects

Introduction. The interest in Nikola Tesla, a scientist, physicist, engineer and inventor, is constantly growing. In the millennia-long history of human civilization, it is almost impossible to find another person whose life and work has been under so much scrutiny of such a wide range of researchers, medical professionals included. Although Tesla was not primarily dedicated to biomedical research, his work significantly contributed to the development of radiology, and high frequency electrotherapy. This paper deals with the impact of Tesla?s work on the development of a new medical branch - radiology. Nikola Tesla and the Discovery of X-ray radiation. Tesla pioneered the use of X-rays for medical purposes, practically laying the foundations of radiology. Namely, since 1887, Tesla periodically experimented with X-rays, at that time still unknown and unnamed, which he called "shadowgraphs". Moreover, at the end of 1894, he conducted extensive research focusing on X-rays, but unfortunately it was interrupted after the fire burning down his laboratory in 1895. In 1896 and 1897, Tesla published ten papers on the biologic effects of X-ray radiation. All his studies on X-rays were experimental. During 1896 and 1897, Tesla continued improving X-ray devices. Apart from this, Tesla was the first to point out the harmful effects of exposure to X-ray radiation on human body. Conclusion. Nikola Tesla was a visionary genius of the future. Tesla?s pioneer steps, made more than a century ago in the domain of radiology, are still being used today.

scholarly journals Branislav Nusic and X-rays in the story “Roentgen’s Photography”

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 183-188
Author(s):  
Rade Babic ◽  
Ankica Jelenkovic ◽  
Stankovic Babic ◽  
Strahinja Babic
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Royal Academy ◽  
Great Power ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nikola Tesla ◽  
History Of ◽  
Novi Sad

Introduction. Shortly after the discovery of X-rays, their practical application in the clinical practice became the object of interest of many non-medical individuals. One of them was the famous Serbian writer, Branislav Nusic. This paper presents the life and work of Branislav Nusic, as well as his article: ?Roentgen?s Photography? which was published in the journal ?Politics? (July 8, 1906; N? 892, p. 3), under the alias Ben Akiba, in the Cyrillic script. The life and work of Branislav Nusic. Alchiviadi Nu?a, later Branislav Nusic (1864 - 1938) was a great Serbian literate, playwright, journalist, photographer, politician, diplomat, member of the Serbian Royal Academy, President of the Association of Yugoslav Playwrights, manager of the theaters in Belgrade, Novi Sad, Skopje and Sarajevo, and a military volunteer in the Serbian - Bulgarian war (1885). ?Roentgen?s Photography?. The author wrote this text in his own way, the only way he could and knew, vividly and wittily. He knew about the great power and strength of X-ray radiation, and he wrote of his knowledge in this short story. Without Branislav Nusic, the history of Serbian radiology would be poorer for not seeing the X-rays by the eyes of an educated, intelligent and, above all, humorous writer. Conclusion. Branislav Nusic, alongside Nikola Tesla, Mihajlo Pupin Idvorski, Dr. Abraham Vinaver, and all past and present Serbian radiologists, has become an essential and memorable link in the chain of the history of the Serbian radiology.

scholarly journals Nikola Tesla discovered ‘very special radiation’ or x-radiation

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 100-105
Author(s):  
Vladimir Baltic ◽  
Milan Baltic
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Research Work ◽  
X Rays ◽  
High Frequency Oscillator ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nikola Tesla ◽  
The World ◽  
Frequency Oscillator

Nikola Tesla was an ingenious and briliant scintifist which contributed to the science and technology prosperity of the world. Nikola Tesla discovered high frequency oscillator 1891 year, and afterwards, single electrode X-ray tube without target electrode, electron (?particles charged with electricity?), Bremsstrahlung or ?breaking radiation? or ?very special radiation? (X-radiation) in 1892 year, biological hazards of X-rays, and more about 700 inventions, and 112 patents. Tesla's research work in the field of X-rays was stopped in 1895 because burned in his laboratory. When W. C. R?ntgen 1895, recognition X-rays, Tesla restored his work on this field and sent R?ntgen a telegram with congratilations and R?ntgen shows obtained with X-ray tubes which operated with high frequency currents. Tesla discovered many secret of nature.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF ULTRA-VIOLET, X-RAY, AND RADIUM RADIATION ON THE TOXICITY OF NORMAL BLOOD

1924 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 671-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
David I. Macht ◽  
Eben C. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Normal Blood ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Living Plant ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Roentgen Rays

While the number of experiments performed is perhaps somewhat limited the results obtained were quite definite and warrant the following conclusions. The toxicity of normal blood for living plant protoplasm as studied on the growth of Lupinus albus seedlings is definitely influenced by various radiations. Ultra-violet rays produce no effect on normal blood or may even render it slightly less toxic. Roentgen rays render normal blood more toxic. The toxicity is greater in the case of the blood plasma as compared with the blood cells and a more toxic effect is produced with the Coolidge tube as compared with the gas tube. Radium emanations in the few experiments performed produced changes very much the same as those given by the x-rays.

White-Light Coronal Structures: Streamers and CMEs

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
E. Hildner
Keyword(s):  
Emission Line ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
White Light ◽  
Coronal Mass Ejections ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
Temperature Function ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Eclipse Observations ◽  
Coronal Structures

AbstractOver the last twenty years, orbiting coronagraphs have vastly increased the amount of observational material for the whitelight corona. Spanning almost two solar cycles, and augmented by ground-based K-coronameter, emission-line, and eclipse observations, these data allow us to assess,inter alia: the typical and atypical behavior of the corona; how the corona evolves on time scales from minutes to a decade; and (in some respects) the relation between photospheric, coronal, and interplanetary features. This talk will review recent results on these three topics. A remark or two will attempt to relate the whitelight corona between 1.5 and 6 R⊙to the corona seen at lower altitudes in soft X-rays (e.g., with Yohkoh). The whitelight emission depends only on integrated electron density independent of temperature, whereas the soft X-ray emission depends upon the integral of electron density squared times a temperature function. The properties of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) will be reviewed briefly and their relationships to other solar and interplanetary phenomena will be noted.

Chemical Species Identification in an SEM by Changes in Emitted X-Ray Energies

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 570-571
Author(s):  
R. H. Duff
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Valence Electron ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Chemical Bonds ◽  
Small Shift ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electron Transitions ◽  
Peak Energy ◽  
Chemical Combination

A material irradiated with electrons emits x-rays having energies characteristic of the elements present. Chemical combination between elements results in a small shift of the peak energies of these characteristic x-rays because chemical bonds between different elements have different energies. The energy differences of the characteristic x-rays resulting from valence electron transitions can be used to identify the chemical species present and to obtain information about the chemical bond itself. Although these peak-energy shifts have been well known for a number of years, their use for chemical-species identification in small volumes of material was not realized until the development of the electron microprobe.

Influence of X-Ray Induced Fluorescence on Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis of Thin Foils

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 328-329
Author(s):  
E. A. Kenik ◽  
J. Bentley
Keyword(s):  
Thin Foil ◽  
Electron Excitation ◽  
Simple Approach ◽  
Foil Thickness ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hole Spectrum ◽  
Illumination System ◽  
Thin Foils ◽  
Intensity Ratios

Cliff and Lorimer (1) have proposed a simple approach to thin foil x-ray analy sis based on the ratio of x-ray peak intensities. However, there are several experimental pitfalls which must be recognized in obtaining the desired x-ray intensities. Undesirable x-ray induced fluorescence of the specimen can result from various mechanisms and leads to x-ray intensities not characteristic of electron excitation and further results in incorrect intensity ratios.In measuring the x-ray intensity ratio for NiAl as a function of foil thickness, Zaluzec and Fraser (2) found the ratio was not constant for thicknesses where absorption could be neglected. They demonstrated that this effect originated from x-ray induced fluorescence by blocking the beam with lead foil. The primary x-rays arise in the illumination system and result in varying intensity ratios and a finite x-ray spectrum even when the specimen is not intercepting the electron beam, an ‘in-hole’ spectrum. We have developed a second technique for detecting x-ray induced fluorescence based on the magnitude of the ‘in-hole’ spectrum with different filament emission currents and condenser apertures.

X-ray micro tomography in the scanning electron microscope

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Brünger
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Target Surface ◽  
The Body ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Micro Tomography ◽  
Scanning Electron

Reconstructive tomography is a new technique in diagnostic radiology for imaging cross-sectional planes of the human body /1/. A collimated beam of X-rays is scanned through a thin slice of the body and the transmitted intensity is recorded by a detector giving a linear shadow graph or projection (see fig. 1). Many of these projections at different angles are used to reconstruct the body-layer, usually with the aid of a computer. The picture element size of present tomographic scanners is approximately 1.1 mm2.Micro tomography can be realized using the very fine X-ray source generated by the focused electron beam of a scanning electron microscope (see fig. 2). The translation of the X-ray source is done by a line scan of the electron beam on a polished target surface /2/. Projections at different angles are produced by rotating the object.During the registration of a single scan the electron beam is deflected in one direction only, while both deflections are operating in the display tube.

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