scholarly journals Branislav Nusic and X-rays in the story “Roentgen’s Photography”

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 183-188
Author(s):  
Rade Babic ◽  
Ankica Jelenkovic ◽  
Stankovic Babic ◽  
Strahinja Babic
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Royal Academy ◽  
Great Power ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nikola Tesla ◽  
History Of ◽  
Novi Sad

Introduction. Shortly after the discovery of X-rays, their practical application in the clinical practice became the object of interest of many non-medical individuals. One of them was the famous Serbian writer, Branislav Nusic. This paper presents the life and work of Branislav Nusic, as well as his article: ?Roentgen?s Photography? which was published in the journal ?Politics? (July 8, 1906; N? 892, p. 3), under the alias Ben Akiba, in the Cyrillic script. The life and work of Branislav Nusic. Alchiviadi Nu?a, later Branislav Nusic (1864 - 1938) was a great Serbian literate, playwright, journalist, photographer, politician, diplomat, member of the Serbian Royal Academy, President of the Association of Yugoslav Playwrights, manager of the theaters in Belgrade, Novi Sad, Skopje and Sarajevo, and a military volunteer in the Serbian - Bulgarian war (1885). ?Roentgen?s Photography?. The author wrote this text in his own way, the only way he could and knew, vividly and wittily. He knew about the great power and strength of X-ray radiation, and he wrote of his knowledge in this short story. Without Branislav Nusic, the history of Serbian radiology would be poorer for not seeing the X-rays by the eyes of an educated, intelligent and, above all, humorous writer. Conclusion. Branislav Nusic, alongside Nikola Tesla, Mihajlo Pupin Idvorski, Dr. Abraham Vinaver, and all past and present Serbian radiologists, has become an essential and memorable link in the chain of the history of the Serbian radiology.

scholarly journals Nikola Tesla and medicine: 160th anniversary of the birth of the genius who gave light to the world - part I

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 313-322
Author(s):  
Danijela Vucevic ◽  
Drago Djordjevic ◽  
Tatjana Radosavljevic
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nikola Tesla ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Biologic Effects ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Harmful Effects

Introduction. The interest in Nikola Tesla, a scientist, physicist, engineer and inventor, is constantly growing. In the millennia-long history of human civilization, it is almost impossible to find another person whose life and work has been under so much scrutiny of such a wide range of researchers, medical professionals included. Although Tesla was not primarily dedicated to biomedical research, his work significantly contributed to the development of radiology, and high frequency electrotherapy. This paper deals with the impact of Tesla?s work on the development of a new medical branch - radiology. Nikola Tesla and the Discovery of X-ray radiation. Tesla pioneered the use of X-rays for medical purposes, practically laying the foundations of radiology. Namely, since 1887, Tesla periodically experimented with X-rays, at that time still unknown and unnamed, which he called "shadowgraphs". Moreover, at the end of 1894, he conducted extensive research focusing on X-rays, but unfortunately it was interrupted after the fire burning down his laboratory in 1895. In 1896 and 1897, Tesla published ten papers on the biologic effects of X-ray radiation. All his studies on X-rays were experimental. During 1896 and 1897, Tesla continued improving X-ray devices. Apart from this, Tesla was the first to point out the harmful effects of exposure to X-ray radiation on human body. Conclusion. Nikola Tesla was a visionary genius of the future. Tesla?s pioneer steps, made more than a century ago in the domain of radiology, are still being used today.

Clinical Joint Outcome after Joint Bleeds in Patients with Von Willebrand Disease Is Comparable to Moderate and Severe Hemophilia A Despite Fewer Joint Bleeds

Blood ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 128 (22) ◽  
pp. 3789-3789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin PM van Galen ◽  
Merel Timmer ◽  
Piet de Kleijn ◽  
Frank W.G. Leebeek ◽  
Roger E.G. Schutgens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Examination ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Joint Damage ◽  
Von Willebrand Disease ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
History Of ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Von Willebrand

Abstract Background Recurrent joint bleeds are the main cause of joint deterioration (hemophilic arthropathy) in patients with hemophilia. To what extent arthropathy occurs following joint bleeds in patients with Von Willebrand disease (VWD) compared to hemophilia has never been studied. Objectives The primary objective was to compare joint outcome by physical examination between adults with VWD and moderate and severe hemophilia A (HA). The main secondary objectives were to compare joint bleed frequency, radiological joint damage and self-reported functional limitations between VWD and moderate and severe HA. Methods We selected adult patients with VWD (VWF activity <30%) and moderate or severe HA, who had a medical history of treatment for joint bleeds, for this post hoc analysis. To compare joint outcome we used the Hemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS range 0-124, obtained by physical examination), X-ray Pettersson scores of ankles, knees and elbows (PS range 0-13 per joint) and Hemophilia Activities List scores, a patient administered questionnaire measuring functional limitations (HAL range 0-100). Univariate analyses were performed using Mann Whitney U and Chi2. For multivariate analysis we used negative binomial regression analysis (HJHS) and logistic regression (dichotomized PS>3 and HAL<95) adjusted for age. We performed a subgroup analysis of the patients with type 3 VWD. Results We included 48 patients with VWD, 39 with moderate and 59 with severe HA. The mean age was 45, 38 and 26 years, respectively. Fewer patients with VWD than HA had a lifetime history of more than 5 joint bleeds (56% VWD vs. 77% moderate HA vs. 98% severe HA, p<0.001). Joint dysfunction at physical examination was comparable between the patients with VWD and moderate HA (median HJHS 5 vs. 5.5, p=0.65) but slightly better in VWD compared to severe HA (median HJHS 5 vs. 9, p=0.02). Apparent joint damage on X rays (PS>3 of one or more joints) occurred in 12/46 patients with VWD compared to 27/40 patients with severe HA (26% vs. 68%: OR 0.09; 95%CI 0.03-0.34, p<0.001). In moderate HA insufficient X rays were available for analyses. Functional limitations according to the HAL were comparable between patients with VWD and moderate and severe HA (VWD median HAL total score 88 vs. 95 in both moderate and severe HA, p=0.35). The subgroup analysis of joint dysfunction in patients with type 3 VWD (n=19, median age 40) showed clinical changes comparable to severe HA (median HJHS 14 vs. 9, p=0.83). We found a trend towards less radiological joint damage in type 3 VWD compared to severe HA (PS>3: 47% vs. 68%, OR 0.28; 95%CI 0.07-1.12, p=0.07). However, patients with type 3 VWD reported more functional limitations compared to those with moderate or severe HA (median HAL total score 77 vs. 95, p=0.01; adjusted for age OR 0.38; 95%CI 0.1-1.2, p=0.10). Conclusions Despite fewer joint bleeds, joint function according to the HJHS was comparable between adult patients with VWD and moderate HA with a history of treatment for joint bleeds. Apparent X ray joint damage occurred less often in patients with VWD compared to those with severe HA. The HJHS of patients with type 3 VWD was comparable to those with severe HA, but the patients with type 3 VWD reported more functional limitations, partly explained by their higher age. Knowledge of similarities and differences in joint outcome between VWD and hemophilia can be helpful to improve the awareness and treatment of joint bleeds in VWD to prevent arthropathy and functional limitations. Disclosures van Galen: Bayer: Research Funding; CSL Behring: Research Funding; Baxter: Research Funding. Leebeek:CSL Behring: Research Funding; Baxter: Research Funding. Schutgens:Sanquin: Research Funding; CSL Behring: Research Funding. Fischer:Baxalta/Baxter: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Pfizer: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; CSL Behring: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; NovoNordisk: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Octapharma: Speakers Bureau; Baxter: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Wyeth: Research Funding; Biogen: Consultancy; Biotest: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Bayer: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Freeline: Consultancy. Mauser-Bunschoten:CSL Behring: Research Funding; Bayer: Research Funding; Baxter: Research Funding; Griffols: Research Funding; Novo Nordisk: Research Funding; Pfizer: Research Funding; Biovitrum: Research Funding; Saquin: Research Funding.

The Discovery of X-Rays: a Probable Case of Second Order Observation

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 403
Author(s):  
Marco Aurélio Clemente Gonçalves ◽  
Mariele Regina Pinheiro Gonçalves ◽  
Pablo Eduardo Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Historical Reconstruction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Probable Case ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of

The discovery of x-rays, one of the most beautiful experiments ever carried out, generates numerous controversies and these, in turn, can trigger a series of counterproductive information regarding not only the History of Science but also the teaching  activity. The aim of this article is to resolve these controversies concerning what ocurred and highlight the important role of the German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, highlighting not only his genius but, especially in this case in particular, his condition of second-order observer. It is not uncommon to find information in various media refering to this discovery under the claim that it was the result of a fortuitous event, and this denotes a profound lack of knowledge about the facts or a disrespect for the renowned discoverer. Such allegations about the event depreciate the extraordinary discovery that impacts humanity, from the deed  to the present. Thus, through a brief historical reconstruction, it was tried to present here what had happened judiciously. With this respect, the brilliant scientist is given the status of a second-rate observer, from the philosophical point of view. This condition resonates with the diachronic aspect of the History of Science, according to the perspective presented here, and it is also supported by the time taken by the discoverer from the beginning of his research until the end of it. Keywords: X-Ray. Second-Order Observer. History of Science. ResumoO descobrimento dos raios-x, um dos mais belos experimentos já realizados, gera inúmeras controvérsias e essas, por sua vez, podem desencadear uma série de informações contraproducentes no tangente não só a História da Ciência como também à atividade de ensino. O presente artigo tem como objetivo dirimir tais polêmicas com respeito ao ocorrido e destacar o importante papel do físico alemão Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, destacando não só sua genialidade, mas sobretudo, neste caso em particular, a sua condição de observador de segunda ordem. Não é raro encontrar em diversos meios de comunicação informações com respeito a referida descoberta sob a alegação de que a mesma fora fruto de um caso fortuito e isso denota profundo desconhecimento sobre os fatos, ou então, desrespeito com o renomado descobridor. Tais alegações sobre o sucedido depreciam a descoberta extraordinária que impacta a humanidade, desde o feito até a atualidade. Assim, através de breve reconstrução histórica, buscou-se aqui apresentar o ocorrido criteriosamente. Com este respeito passa-se a atribuir ao brilhante cientista a condição de observador de segunda ordem, do ponto de vista filosófico. Tal condição encontra ressonância no aspecto diacrônico da História da Ciência, segundo a perspectiva aqui apresentada e está amparada, também, pelo tempo empreendido pelo descobridor desde o início de sua pesquisa até a finalização da mesma. Palavras-chave: Raios-x. Observador de Segunda Ordem. História da Ciência.

The Bakerian Lecture 1978 - Cosmic exploration by X-rays

1979 ◽  
Vol 366 (1724) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Radio Sources ◽  
Cosmic Radio ◽  
The Sun ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

Bakerian Lectures dealing with astronomical topics have occurred roughly every ten years during this century. They have therefore something of the character of reports on progress and one need read no further back than Hoyle’s ‘Review of recent developments in cosmology’ (Hoyle 1968) and Ryle’s ‘The nature of the cosmic radio sources’ (Ryle 1958) to discover the background against which are to be seen the dramatic changes of the ensuing period. It stretches from the conception of X-ray astronomy through its birth, with the discovery of the first non-solar source (Giacconi et al . 1962), to its maturity with the availability of satellites to provide long exposures. Nor is it any accident that the root κóσμoς is prominent in the titles of recent lectures for while those of Jeans, Eddington, Milne and Blacket were concerned with our Galaxy, the drama is now truly cosmic. Cosmic X-ray astronomy grew out of the study of the Sun and for this reason its founding father is Herbert Friedman. Giacconi describes well the early history of the subject (Giacconi & Gursky 1974) and tells how, in June 1962, having been interested in the idea by Rossi in September 1959, he and his colleagues detected flux coming neither from the Sun nor from the Moon. Friedman had discussed as early as 1956 ‘how his group obtained puzzling results, which might have been due to celestial X-ray fluxes’, and reported this at the I. A. U. meeting in Moscow in 1958. Stimulated by our solar studies with the Skylark rocket, similar thinking was taking place under the auspices of this Society. Mention of this was made at a conference in the United States in June 1961 (Boyd 1962) but a meeting of the Astronomy Working Group of the British National Committee on Space Research (N. C. S. P./34, 1959 a ) had discussed, in May 1959, the possibility, of mounting ‘Directive X-ray counters’ on the proposed U. K. -I satellite. The minute read ‘Current theories suggested that there may be objects in the sky with strong X-ray emission although inconspicuous visually. A search for these is a matter of great interest and importance.’ It is noteworthy that Hoyle, who had discussed Friedman’s speculations with him, was present at the meeting.

X-Ray Diffraction – The Magic Wand

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-317
Author(s):  
Iqra Zubair Awan Iqra Zubair Awan
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Magic Wand ◽  
History Of ◽  
Engineering Materials

This review paper covers one of the most important discoveries of the last century, viz. X-ray diffraction. It has made enormous contribution to chemistry, physics, engineering, materials science, crystallography and above all medical sciences. The review covers the history of X-rays detection and production, its uses/ applications. The scientific and medical community will forever be indebted to Rand#246;ntgen for this invaluable discovery and to those who perfected its application.

scholarly journals Spinal Coronal and Sagittal Balance in 584 Healthy Individuals During Growth: Normal Plumb Line Values and Their Correlation With Radiographic Measurements

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (12) ◽  
pp. 1712-1718
Author(s):  
Alessandra Negrini ◽  
Massimiliano Vanossi ◽  
Sabrina Donzelli ◽  
Fabio Zaina ◽  
Michele Romano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Sagittal Balance ◽  
Thoracic Kyphosis ◽  
Plumb Line ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Spine Deformities ◽  
Spine Pathology ◽  
Sagittal Index

Abstract Background Plumb line distances (PDs) are widely used in conservative clinical practice to evaluate the sagittal shape of the spine. Objective The objective was to assess the normative values of PDs in a large, healthy population in an age range representative of the adolescent population with spinal deformities, and to correlate it with x-ray measurements. Design This was a cross-sectional study. Methods Participants were 584 healthy individuals (341 females) with x-rays showing no spine deformities. The whole sample (OVERALL) was divided into 5 groups: 6 to 9 years old (n = 106); &gt;10 years, Risser 0 with triradiate cartilage open (n = 129) or closed (n = 104); Risser 1 to 2 (n = 126); and Risser 3 to 5 (n = 119). PDs were taken by maintaining a tangent to the thoracic kyphosis apex at C7, T12, L3, and S2. Sagittal index (C7 + L3), and sagittal and coronal balances (C7 related to S2) were calculated. Results In OVERALL, PDs at C7, T12, L3, and S2 were 39.9 ± 16.7, 21.4 ± 15.3, 39.9 ± 15, 20.6 ± 17.0 mm, respectively. Sagittal index was 79.8 ± 26.8, sagittal balance was 19.3 ± 17 mm anterior to S2 plumb line; 13.5% had a coronal imbalance of 11.4 ± 5.4 mm to the right and 24.7% of 13.2 ± 6.0 mm to the left. C7 and L3 PDs, sagittal index, and sagittal balance were significantly lower in ages 6 to 9 compared to older patients in Risser 1 to 2 group. C7 and S2 PDs and sagittal index were significantly larger in males. Sagittal index correlated with thoracic kyphosis Cobb degrees (r = 0.47). Limitations The participants were not randomly chosen from the general population; and they had an x-ray because of spine pathology suspicion. Conclusions This study shows normative data to be used in clinical practice. Sagittal spinopelvic alignment has gained more and more importance in the last decades because of its high correlation to Health-Related Quality of Life scores in adults. 1

Natural History of Scaphoid Non-Union, with Special Reference to “Asymptomatic” Cases

1992 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 697-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. LINDSTRÖM ◽  
Å. NYSTRÖM
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Prognostic Indicator ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Degenerative Arthritis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
Carpal Joint

33 patients with non-union of the carpal scaphoid were diagnosed by X-ray examination two to 37 years following the original trauma. All of the patients could be contacted and summoned for a re-examination ten to 17 years later. X-rays revealed a 100% incidence of progressive radio-carpal osteoarthritis. It is concluded that freedom of pain is not a reliable prognostic indicator, and that all patients with non-union of the carpal scaphoid are likely to benefit from surgical treatment of the pseudarthrosis. The only exception to this rule might be the patient in whom the radio-carpal joint is already deteriorated by an advanced degenerative arthritis.

scholarly journals Chest X-ray classification using Deep learning for automated COVID-19 screening

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankita Shelke ◽  
Madhura Inamdar ◽  
Vruddhi Shah ◽  
Amanshu Tiwari ◽  
Aafiya Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Ground Glass Opacity ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chest X Ray

AbstractIn today’s world, we find ourselves struggling to fight one of the worst pandemics in the history of humanity known as COVID-2019 caused by a coronavirus. If we detect the virus at an early stage (before it enters the lower respiratory tract), the patient can be treated quickly. Once the virus reaches the lungs, we observe ground-glass opacity in the chest X-ray due to fibrosis in the lungs. Due to the significant differences between X-ray images of an infected and non-infected person, artificial intelligence techniques can be used to identify the presence and severity of the infection. We propose a classification model that can analyze the chest X-rays and help in the accurate diagnosis of COVID-19. Our methodology classifies the chest X-rays into 4 classes viz. normal, pneumonia, tuberculosis (TB), and COVID-19. Further, the X-rays indicating COVID-19 are classified on severity-basis into mild, medium, and severe. The deep learning model used for the classification of pneumonia, TB, and normal is VGG16 with an accuracy of 95.9 %. For the segregation of normal pneumonia and COVID-19, the DenseNet-161 was used with an accuracy of 98.9 %. ResNet-18 worked best for severity classification achieving accuracy up to 76 %. Our approach allows mass screening of the people using X-rays as a primary validation for COVID-19.

scholarly journals Validity and Reproducibility of the Measurements Obtained Using the Flexicurve Instrument to Evaluate the Angles of Thoracic and Lumbar Curvatures of the Spine in the Sagittal Plane

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Scheeren de Oliveira ◽  
Cláudia Tarragô Candotti ◽  
Marcelo La Torre ◽  
Patricia Paula Tonin Pelinson ◽  
Tássia Silveira Furlanetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Graph Paper ◽  
Spinous Processes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Order Polynomial

Objective. to verify the validity and reproducibility of using the flexicurve to measure the angles of the thoracic and lumbar curvatures.Method. 47 subjects were evaluated by: (1) palpation and marking of the spinous processes using lead markers, (2) using X-rays in the sagittal plane to measure the Cobb angles, (3) molding the flexicurve to the spine, and (4) drawing the contour of the flexicurve onto graph paper. The angle of curvature was determined with the flexicurve based on a 3rd order polynomial.Results. No differences were found between the Cobb angles and the angles obtained using the flexicurve in thoracic and lumbar curvatures (). Correlations were strong and significant for the thoracic (, ) and lumbar (, ) curvatures. Excellent and significant correlations were found for both the intraevaluator and interevaluator measurements.Conclusion. The results show that there is no significant difference between the values obtained using the flexicurve and those obtained using the X-ray procedure and that there is a strong correlation between the two methods. This, together with the excellent level of inter- and intraevaluator reproducibility justifies its recommendation for use in clinical practice.

The Canadian Light Source — History and scientific prospects

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 1028-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
G M Bancroft
Keyword(s):  
Light Source ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Third ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Synchrotron Light ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
The University

The Canadian Light Source (CLS) in Saskatoon has been under construction for the last 4 years, and will be producing a number of very intense beams of far-IR, IR, soft and hard X-rays in 2004 for use by several hundred Canadian scientists in chemistry, surface and material science, and a host of other scientific disciplines. The CLS will dramatically enhance the Canadian spectroscopic tradition that Gerhard Herzberg help create. I begin this article (from my 2002 CIC Montreal Medal lecture) with an overview of the history of SR in Canada, beginning in 1972 with the first Canadian synchrotron workshop organized at the University of Western Ontario by Bill McGowan, and attended by Dr. Herzberg. The CLS facility is then described, along with the properties of the first and second set of beamlines to be built at the CLS. These SR beams, in the IR and X-ray regions from the third generation CSL ring, will be competitive in brightness and intensity with the best beamlines in the world for most applications. Finally, some of the present Canadian SR research at foreign SR sources is described across the entire SR spectrum. All known spectroscopic and diffraction experiments are dramatically enhanced with SR; and SR opens up new areas of spectroscopy, microscopy, and spectromicroscopy that cannot be studied with any other source of radiation.Key words: synchrotron light, X-rays, infrared, spectroscopy.

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