scholarly journals Full employment as a possible objective for EU policy II: Review of some empirical aspects

2008 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Cingolani
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
Previous Article ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Previous Issue ◽  
European Economic ◽  
The Us ◽  
Historical Periods ◽  
The Eu

A contribution appeared in the previous issue of Panoeconomicus reviewed the theoretical arguments brought by Alain Parguez and Jean Gabriel Bliek in support of their idea of assigning a full employment objective to European economic policies and their coordination (Bliek and Parguez (2007) and Parguez (2007b)). Without pretending at exhaustiveness, this contribution reviews and partly extends the empirical evidence they presented in support of their argument with reference to selected macroeconomic developments in several countries and different historical periods, in particular for the US, Canada, Japan and the EU. It confirms the descriptive power of the circuit and its relevance for the discussion of alternative economic policies, in particular in the field of employment. Together with the previous article, it shows that the circuit can be used to update economic policy thinking, nourishing also the necessary democratic debate amongst police alternatives. .

scholarly journals Full employment as a possible objective for EU policy, I: A perspective from the point of view of the monetary circuit

2008 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-114
Author(s):  
Massimo Cingolani
Keyword(s):  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Equilibrium Conditions ◽  
The Us ◽  
Economic Reality ◽  
Monetary Circuit ◽  
The Eu

In two recent contributions Alain Parguez and Jean-Gabriel Bliek argued in favor of assigning a full employment objective to European economic policies and their coordination (Bliek and Parguez (2007) and Parguez (2007b)). Their argument is based on the approach of the monetary circuit, whose treatment of full employment is the object of this article. The approach is presented here as emblematic of ?out of equilibrium? models, i.e. models where the equilibrium conditions of pure competition are not fulfilled. A forthcoming contribution will show how the description of economic reality suggested by the circuit can help interpreting recent macroeconomic developments in the US, Canada, Japan and the EU and will discuss some empirical studies confirming its relevance for policy analysis.

Problems of the US Economic Policy

2013 ◽  
pp. 129-143
Author(s):  
V. Klinov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Equitable Distribution ◽  
Investment Rate ◽  
The Us ◽  
Budget Systems ◽  
Enterprise Activity ◽  
The U.S

How to provide for full employment and equitable distribution of incomes and wealth are the keenest issues of the U.S. society. The Democratic and the Republican Parties have elaborated opposing views on economic policy, though both parties are certain that the problems may be resolved through the reform of the federal tax and budget systems. Globalization demands to increase incentives for labor and enterprise activity and for savings to secure proper investment rate. Tax rates for labor and enterprise incomes are to be low, but tax rates for consumption, real estate and land should be progressive.

Assessment of Poland's Economic Policy During te Crisis

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-210
Author(s):  
Stefan Krajewski
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Fiscal Sustainability ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Reducing Costs ◽  
Polish Economy ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
The Eu

The rapid weakening of economic activity, covering most states in the world, gives rise to a lively discussion on the choice of methods to tackle the crisis, the legitimacy and effectiveness of various economic policies, the role of the state and the scope of its intervention in the economy. The paper evaluates the Polish economic policy in recent years. This refers to the situation prevailing in the EU and the USA. I conclude that the Polish economy during the crisis remained relatively stable, without having to provide the emergency aid from the outside. The development of such a situation has been affected by different reasons, including: - The benefits of the so-called "backwardness rent", which resulted, among others, in the inflow of EU funds (Poland was in 2007-2013 and in will be in 2014-2020 the biggest beneficiary of the EU budget); - The effects of decisions on changes in the tax and social security, taken for political reasons (before the crisis); - The controversial withdrawal from the funded pension system, reducing the budget deficit and public debt; - The prudent monetary policy and anti-inflation policy pursued over many years. Actions taken in Poland are primarily focused on reducing costs, which differs quite significantly from the economic policy dominant in the U.S. and the "old" EU countries which generally pursue expansionary fiscal policy and a policy of cheap money. Polish solution facilitates the achievement of short-term fiscal sustainability, but does not create favorable conditions for the development in the long-term (insufficient investment, petrification of economic structure, lack of innovation). 

Many Roads Lead to Rome – the State of European Integration

2018 ◽  
Vol 138 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-156
Author(s):  
Werner Abelshauser
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
North America ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Jel Codes ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Integration Strategy ◽  
Visible Hand ◽  
Unity In Diversity ◽  
European Markets ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The ongoing crisis in the euro zone raises the question of whether the previously chosen path of European integration is likely to spur internal and external competitiveness and capability of action. In economic terms, it is about a strategy that does justice to the uniqueness of the landscape of European markets. Its special feature is that Europe – in contrast to North America – has developed diverse economic cultures historically whose qualities match the requirements of distinct markets and whose set of institutions are functional. An adequate European economic policy has to acknowledge these cultures and develop strategies to improve their individual effectiveness, i.e. comparative institutional advantage. This productive governance (Ordnungspolitik of the visible hand) is in stark contrast to a policy of harmonization that emanates from the idea of uniform market conditions. The attempt to integrate Europe on the basis of a “multi-speed” model has failed. The essential task now is to take into account the diversity of economic cultures in Europe and to unite the continent along a variety of paths. What the EU needs are rules and strategies that create unity in diversity, realizing its official motto: united in diversity. What Europe needs is an integration strategy on several paths – not only at several speeds. JEL Codes: F15, F53

scholarly journals THE SCOPE OF FUNCTIONS AND STRENGHT OF INSTITUTIONS IN ECONOMIC POLICY OF THE EU MEMBER STATES FROM CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE. CONCEPTION OF ANALYSIS

Ekonomika ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-21
Author(s):  
Ireneusz Jaźwiński
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Economic Development And Growth ◽  
International Comparative ◽  
The Eu

The manner of conducting economic policy determines various phenomena and socio-economic processes, including economic development and growth, to a considerable degree. A significant role in economic and social sciences is attributed to international comparative studies. The aim of the study was introduction of the conception for analysis of the scope of functions and strength of institutions on an exampleof the national policies of the EU member states from Central and Eastern Europe.The paper introduces the selected dimensions of economic policy in the EU member states from Central and Eastern Europe. On the basis of the use of existing indices, the measures of these dimensions are proposed. Also, elements of the typology of economic policies of these countries considering the selected policy dimensions are presented.The analyses show that there are differences among national economic policies of particular states of Central and Eastern Europe. From the standpoint of economic policy and its dimensions, the situation is most favourable in countries with the most powerful institutions: the Czech Republic and Estonia. It is crucial to strive after improvement of the quality of institutions in individual states, which should result in a faster socioeconomic development and an increased efficiency of the public authorities.

scholarly journals United States: “National Egoism” Policy under the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 145-157
Author(s):  
L. F. Lebedeva
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Many Instruments ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Government ◽  
New Policies ◽  
National Economies

The rising “national egoism” in the US economic policy has been taken place since D. Trump’s inauguration (January 20, 2017), with focus on protectionist measures, priorities for domestic production; on encouraging US companies to invest at home instead of foreign markets; control the fields of foreign investors in the American economy, etc. Covid-19 pandemic seems to have a massive impact on global diffusion of “national egoism” practices, making states more isolationist. The outbreak of the coronavirus has already become an important factor of influence on the national economies and relations between them. The article reviews the ways COVID 19 pandemic is intensifying the economic policies of President D. Trump based on nationalism, pointing out the trade and investment restrictions, their global effects. In light of the uncertainty about the pandemic’s duration and its economic impact, the paper is focusing on the immediate and more long-term global consequences of the US economic policy. All sorts of US government policy innovations during Trump’s presidency, including imposing and threatening to impose sanctions (which become usual, as to the US policy, before pandemic), tariff protections have their effects, spreading around the globe. Most of the new policies have become even more important under coronavirus pandemic, particularly concerning major strategic competitors of the United States. The American approaches to developing new rules and updating existing ones for the international connections, new import and export control actions are designed to promote economic objectives and political objectives as well. Being a powerful political and economic actor US have many instruments to influence the relations between countries. At the same time reinforced “national egoism” practices can make the economic and international trade recovery even more sluggish in the post – pandemic world.

A Wrong Sound in the Quest for a Symphony? The WTO and the Impact of EU’s Common Agricultural Policy on Africa: Insight from Senegal

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Henry Ufomba
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Common Agricultural Policy ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Local Farmers

Abstract This paper is situated within the growing debate on how the domestic economic policies of developed countries condition that of the developing countries through the mechanism of international trade relations under the auspices of the WTO. Using the framework of the dependency theory I shall examine the economic impact of the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) on Africa with critical attention on the agricultural sector of the former, drawing empirical evidence from the present situation in Senegal. This answered the overarching question: How does the EU CAP affect the economies of Africa in general and Senegal in particular? The empirical evidence from Senegal’s experience presented in this paper revealed that CAP negatively affects the economic growth of Africa through the suffocation of its agricultural sector as a result of its distortion of the domestic price and the inability of local farmers to produce at a price that can compete equally with the heavily subsidized imported alternatives from the EU.

Development of an image of russia as a country conducive to tourism

10.12737/7465 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Татьяна Кривошеева ◽  
Tatiana Krivosheeva
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
International Tourism ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Tourist Flows ◽  
The Us ◽  
Tourism Activity ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Eu

The materials of the paper refer to the grouping and rating of countries which are donors of international tourism in order to determine the activity of marketing efforts in the field of image formation of the Russian Federation as a country favorable for tourism. The article contains generalized mixed trends affecting inbound tourism, which formed in restrictive political and economic policies imposed on Russia by the EU, the US and other countries. In order to optimize the form and content of measures to promote the tourist image of Russia and to determine the priority and the most important geographical areas for the implementation of these measures the analysis was conducted according to the following criteria: volume of outbound tourist flows of foreign countries; the growth rate of outbound tourist flows of foreign countries; tourism activity of the populations of foreign countries; number of received foreign tourists by Russian according to their origin. The results of the analysis, which is also reflected in the materials of the article, make possible to distinguish four groups of countries on the trends in international outbound tourist flows, three groups of countries according to the trends in inbound flows in Russia, 4 groups of countries for the development of outbound tourist flows to Russia in the first half of the year 2014 in relation to the 1st half of 2013, four groups of countries on the activity of marketing efforts and specialization in promotion of Russian tourist product on the market. On the basis of these groups, a list of priority geographic areas to enhance marketing efforts to create a tourist image of the Russian Federation is suggested and also outlined are the directions and forms of work on priority markets in foreign countries.

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