scholarly journals Mechanically stable insoluble titanium-lead anodes for sulfate electrolytes

2003 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Chmiola ◽  
Y. Gogotsi ◽  
A. Ferdman
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Tensile Testing ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pure Lead ◽  
Copper Electrowinning ◽  
New Material ◽  
Lead Distribution

Different formulations of a new material to be used as an insoluble anode for copper electrowinning, a Ti-Pb composite, were investigated for both mechanical and electrochemical properties. Mechanical and metallographic characteristic tests, as well as short-term deposition tests were used to study the effect of the Ti/Pb ratio on anode performance. Yield strength and elastic modulus, obtained through tensile testing, significantly exceed that of lead. Metallographic procedures were used to assess the uniformity of lead distribution in the material, as well as porosity, which would be decreased below 1 % for most of the compositions under study. Short-term deposition tests were used to determine power consumption, deposit quality current efficiency and weight loss characteristics of the new anode material. The material with only 30 vol.% lead shows approximately the same electrochemical performance as a pure lead anode, but has much higher mechanical properties which prevent warping and extend the lifetime of the anode.

Characterization of the Mechanical Properties of Spring Materials

1974 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 839-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Weissmann ◽  
B. C. Wonsiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Tensile Testing ◽  
Control Applications

Spring materials are purchased under specifications which impose limits on the tensile strength but do not control the crucial properties, i.e., resistance to plastic flow and stiffness. Present techniques for characterizing spring material are discussed in detail. A novel test is described which is quick, inexpensive, and reliable and holds promise for both research and quality control applications. The test is based on a dynamic determination of energy dissipation in a sample stressed in bending or torsion, the usual modes of deformation for most springs. Stiffness and permissible deformations are determined directly and the elastic modulus and yield strength can be calculated easily. The results obtained in this way compare favorably with those determined by tensile testing. An example is given which illustrates the operation of the test and the calculation of results. Since the entire test from sample preparation to calculation of results requires about five minutes, and since the apparatus should be relatively inexpensive, the test ought to find application in many areas where testing is not practical at the present time.

The Effect of Temperature on the Tensile Properties of Steel 0Cr18Ni9

2010 ◽  
Vol 654-656 ◽  
pp. 194-197
Author(s):  
Wei Fen Li ◽  
Wei Niu ◽  
Zhi Ming Hao ◽  
Ming Hai Li
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Tensile Testing ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Tensile Testing Machine ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Experiments of tensile mechanical properties of steel 0Cr18Ni9 are done on the MTS 810 tensile testing machine, and the temperature range is from 20°C to 1200°C. The stress vs. strain curves are obtained. Results show that the elastic modulus, yield stress and tensile strength decrease with increasing temperature .Based on the experiment results, the functions of the elastic modulus, yield strength and tensile strength versus temperature are represented by polynomial.

Quantitative Analysis of Pre-Strain Effect on Mechanical Properties of the Austenitic Stainless Steel

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiwei Chen ◽  
Caifu Qian ◽  
Guoyi Yang ◽  
Xiang Li
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Tensile Testing ◽  
Control Mode ◽  
Strain Effect ◽  
Strain Control

The test of austenitic stainless steel specimens with strain control mode of pre-strain was carried out. The range of pre-strain is 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9% and 10% on austenitic stainless steel specimens, then tensile testing of these samples was done and their mechanical properties after pre-strain were gotten. The results show that the pre-strain has little effect on tensile strength, and enhances the yield strength more obviously. According to the experimental data, we get a relational expression of S30408 between the value of yield strength and pre-strain. We can obtain several expressions about different kinds of austenitic stainless steel by this way. It is convenient for designers to get the yield strength of austenitic stainless steel after pre-strain by the value of pre-strain and the above expression.

The Mechanical Properties of Combustion-Sprayed Polymers and Blends

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Brogan ◽  
C.C. Berndt ◽  
A. Claudon ◽  
C. Coddet
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Deposition Temperature ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Melt Compounding ◽  
Acid Copolymer ◽  
Spray Processing ◽  
Break Water

Abstract The mechanical properties of EMAA copolymer are dependent upon the thermal spray processing parameters. The parameters determine coating temperatures which, in turn, affects the microstructure. If the deposition temperature is too low, (104 °C for PFl 13 and 160 °C for PFl 11) coatings have low strengths and low energy to break values. Increased coating temperatures allow the particles to fully coalesce resulting in maximized strength and elongation to break. However, at 271 °C, PFl 11 had visible porosity which decreased both strength and elastic modulus. Pigment acts as reinforcement in the sense that the modulus increased but the elongation to break decreased, thus reducing the energy to break. Water quenching reduces the elastic modulus and yield strength, but increases the elongation to break for both EMAA formulations. The mechanical properties of post consumer commingled plastic and PCCP / EMMA blends improved if the recycled plastic was pre-processed by melt-compounding. Melt compounding increased the strength and toughness by improving the compatibility among the various polymer constituents. The addition of PCCP increases the modulus and yield strength of ethylene methaciylic acid copolymer.

scholarly journals Effects of High Temperatures on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Carbonated Ordinary Concrete

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qifang Xie ◽  
Lipeng Zhang ◽  
Shenghua Yin ◽  
Baozhuang Zhang ◽  
Yaopeng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Time Service ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Cooling Methods

Fires are always known for seriously deteriorating concrete in structures, especially for those with certain carbonation due to long-time service. In this paper, 75 prism specimens were prepared and divided into four groups (three carbonated groups and one uncarbonated group). Specimens were tested under different temperatures (20, 300, 400, 500, 600, and 700°C), exposure times (3, 4, and 6 hours), and cooling methods (water and natural cooling). Surface characteristics, weight loss rate, and residual mechanical properties (strength, initial elastic modulus, peak, and ultimate compressive strains) of carbonated concrete specimens after elevated temperatures were investigated and compared with that of the uncarbonated ones. Results show that the weight loss rates of the carbonated concrete specimens are slightly lower than that of the uncarbonated ones and that the cracks are increased with raising of temperatures. Surface colors of carbonated concrete are significantly changed, but they are not sensitive to cooling methods. Surface cracks can be evidently observed on carbonated specimens when temperature reaches 400°C. Residual compressive strength and initial elastic modulus of carbonated concrete after natural cooling are generally larger than those cooled by water. The peak and ultimate compressive strains of both carbonated and uncarbonated concrete specimens increase after heating, but the values of the latter are greater than that of the former. Finally, the constitutive equation to predict the compressive behaviors of carbonated concrete after high temperatures was established and validated by tests.

Ageing Effect on Mechanical Properties of Machined Nanostructures

2013 ◽  
Vol 683 ◽  
pp. 145-149
Author(s):  
Xing Lei Hu ◽  
Ya Zhou Sun ◽  
Ying Chun Liang ◽  
Jia Xuan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Md Simulation ◽  
Fracture Strain ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Ageing Process ◽  
Yield Strain ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mc Simulation

Monte Carlo (MC) method and molecular dynamics (MD) are combined to analyze the influence of ageing on mechanical properties of machined nanostructures. Single crystal copper workpiece is first cut in MD simulation, and then the machined workpiece is used in MC simulation of ageing process, finally the tensile mechanical properties of machined nanostructures before and after ageing are investigated by MD simulation. The results show that machining process and ageing have obvious influence of tensile mechanical properties. After machining, the yield strength, yield strain, fracture strain and elastic modulus reduce by 36.02%, 28.86%, 20.79% and 7.16% respectively. However, the yield strength, yield strain and elastic modulus increase by 4.84%, 1.41% and 1.02% respectively, fracture strain reduce by 24.53% after ageing process. To research the ageing processes of machined nanostructures by MC simulation is both practical and meaningful.

Influence of Solution Treatment on Atomic Diffusion and Mechanical Properties of AZ80 Magnesium Alloy

2012 ◽  
Vol 479-481 ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Ju Mei Zhang ◽  
Zhi Hu Wang ◽  
Wan Chang Sun ◽  
Li Bin Niu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Tensile Testing ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Solution Time ◽  
Atomic Diffusion ◽  
Az80 Magnesium Alloy

The atomic diffusion and mechanical properties of as-cast AZ80 magnesium alloy after solution treatment at different time were studied by OM,SEM,EDS as well as tensile testing. The results show that the coarse β-Mg17Al12 phase distributed along the grain boundaries as net microstructure is almost dissolved after solution treatment, and the content of Al that in the α-Mg matrix is well distributed with the solution time prolonged. Because of the β-Mg17Al12 phase reducing and granulating, the function of precipitates phase strengthening was depressed and the hardness (HB) of alloy dropped obviously. However, the tensile strength(σb ) and elongation(δ) enhanced remarkably and the yield strength (σ0.2) decreased slightly.

A Study on the Effect of the Temperature on Mechanical Properties of H90 Copper Strip

2019 ◽  
Vol 950 ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
Sun Fei ◽  
Xu Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Copper Strip ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Strip Test

In order to study the effect of temperature on the mechanical properties of H90 copper strip material, the H90 copper strip test pieces were heated to different temperatures (20~600 °C) for tensile test; the yield strength, tensile strength, elastic modulus and elongation of H90 copper strip at different temperatures were obtained. Based on the test results, the empirical models of yield strength, tensile strength, elastic modulus of H90 copper strip at high temperature were established; the test showed that, with the increase of temperature, the yield strength, tensile strength and elastic modulus of H90 copper strip decreased greatly, and the elongation after fracture first increased-decreased-increased at 20~600 °C. The study results in this paper provide basic material data for analyzing the effect of temperature on the continuous firing of firearms and other weapons.

Investigation of Pore Structures on Mechanical Properties of Porous Ti by 3D Finite Element Models

2013 ◽  
Vol 647 ◽  
pp. 683-687
Author(s):  
Mi Gong ◽  
Hong Chao Kou ◽  
Yu Song Yang ◽  
Guang Sheng Xu ◽  
Jin Shan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
3D Finite Element ◽  
Pore Model ◽  
Porous Ti ◽  
Pore Structures ◽  
Medium Porosity

The pore structures on mechanical properties of porous Ti were investigated by 3D finite element models. Calculated elastic modulus and yield strength suggested that square-pore models exhibit lower modulus and higher strength compared with another two kinds of shapes (circle and hexagonal). In addition, under the condition of medium porosity (58.96%), integrated property was found in square-pore model which elastic modulus was 26.97GPa, less than 1/3 of hexagonal-pore model; while the yield strength maintained 63.82MPa, doubled the figure of circle-pore model. Thus, models with square-pore structures show potential perspective as hard tissue replacements. Investigation on anisotropy of microstructure implies that the elastic modulus was affected more intensively than the yield strength.

Dependence of Anisotropy of Human Lumbar Vertebral Trabecular Bone on Quantitative Computed Tomography-Based Apparent Density

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ameet K. Aiyangar ◽  
Juan Vivanco ◽  
Anthony G. Au ◽  
Paul A. Anderson ◽  
Everett L. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Apparent Density ◽  
Transverse Direction ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Axial Direction ◽  
Anisotropy Ratio

Most studies investigating human lumbar vertebral trabecular bone (HVTB) mechanical property–density relationships have presented results for the superior–inferior (SI), or “on-axis” direction. Equivalent, directly measured data from mechanical testing in the transverse (TR) direction are sparse and quantitative computed tomography (QCT) density-dependent variations in the anisotropy ratio of HVTB have not been adequately studied. The current study aimed to investigate the dependence of HVTB mechanical anisotropy ratio on QCT density by quantifying the empirical relationships between QCT-based apparent density of HVTB and its apparent compressive mechanical properties— elastic modulus (Eapp), yield strength (σy), and yield strain (εy)—in the SI and TR directions for future clinical QCT-based continuum finite element modeling of HVTB. A total of 51 cylindrical cores (33 axial and 18 transverse) were extracted from four L1 human lumbar cadaveric vertebrae. Intact vertebrae were scanned in a clinical resolution computed tomography (CT) scanner prior to specimen extraction to obtain QCT density, ρCT. Additionally, physically measured apparent density, computed as ash weight over wet, bulk volume, ρapp, showed significant correlation with ρCT [ρCT = 1.0568 × ρapp, r = 0.86]. Specimens were compression tested at room temperature using the Zetos bone loading and bioreactor system. Apparent elastic modulus (Eapp) and yield strength (σy) were linearly related to the ρCT in the axial direction [ESI = 1493.8 × (ρCT), r = 0.77, p < 0.01; σY,SI = 6.9 × (ρCT) − 0.13, r = 0.76, p < 0.01] while a power-law relation provided the best fit in the transverse direction [ETR = 3349.1 × (ρCT)1.94, r = 0.89, p < 0.01; σY,TR = 18.81 × (ρCT)1.83, r = 0.83, p < 0.01]. No significant correlation was found between εy and ρCT in either direction. Eapp and σy in the axial direction were larger compared to the transverse direction by a factor of 3.2 and 2.3, respectively, on average. Furthermore, the degree of anisotropy decreased with increasing density. Comparatively, εy exhibited only a mild, but statistically significant anisotropy: transverse strains were larger than those in the axial direction by 30%, on average. Ability to map apparent mechanical properties in the transverse direction, in addition to the axial direction, from CT-based densitometric measures allows incorporation of transverse properties in finite element models based on clinical CT data, partially offsetting the inability of continuum models to accurately represent trabecular architectural variations.

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