scholarly journals Chemical composition of complete fodder mixes for pig diet during 2007-2009

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 311-323
Author(s):  
Dragan Sefer ◽  
Branislav Petrujkic ◽  
Radmila Markovic ◽  
Svetlana Grdovic ◽  
Stamen Radulovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Official Gazette ◽  
Growing Pig ◽  
Accredited Laboratory ◽  
The Republic

Intensive pig breeding implies, among other things, the use of complete mixes in their diet in correspondence with the animals? age and purpose. In the course of a threeyear period (2007-2009) the accredited laboratory of the Department for Nutrition and Botanics of the Faculty for Veterinary Medicine, Univerisity of Belgrade, analysed 65 fodder mix samples from the territory of Serbia intended for the diet of all categories of pigs, namely: 6 samples of complete mixes for the diet of pregnant sows and gilts, 9 samples of complete mixes for the diet of nursing sows and boar, 4 samples of complete mixes for enhanced diet of piglets, 13 samples of complete mixes for piglets in programme I up to 15 kg, 12 samples of complete mixes for piglets in programme II from 15-25 kg, 10 samples of complete mixes for growing pigs in fattening programme I from 25-60 kg, and 11 samples of complete mixes for pigs in fattening programme II from 60-100 kg. The analyses covered the contents of the elementary nutritive matter and the obtained results were compared with the quality conditions prescribed under the Regulations on the quality of animal feed (Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia No. 41/09). It was established that there were certain deviations with regard to the values presented in the Regulations on the quality of animal feed (Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia No. 41/09) in the average protein content in complete mixes for piglet diet II, 15-25 kg (17.89?1.19%) and in the mixes for growing pig diet II, 60-100 kg (13.95?0.53%). The established average fat content was lower in the mixes for enhanced piglet diet (5.99? 0.72%) and in mixes for piglet diet I, up to 15 kg (4.95?1.41%). A higher average cellulose content (4.08?0.73%) was established in mixes for enhanced piglet diet. Furthermore, significant differences from the values prescribed under the Regulations were established in certain samples. The established differences in the chemical composition of certain samples of the examined mixes without a doubt indicate the need for constant and multilevel monitoring of raw materials and finished products in order to preserve health and to ensure the best possible utilization of the production potential of animals.

scholarly journals Degree of mycotoxicological contamination of feed and complete feed mixtures for pigs and poultry during the period 2007-2012. on the territory of the republic of serbia

2013 ◽  
pp. 153-169
Author(s):  
Stamen Radulovic ◽  
Radmila Markovic ◽  
Dragan Milic ◽  
Dobrila Jakic-Dimic ◽  
Dragan Sefer
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Swine Production ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Official Gazette ◽  
The Republic

The most common producers of mycotoxins are fungi of the genera Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium. Toxins are of extreme importance because it can be transmitted from animals to humans through milk and animal products, some of which are carcinogenic and teratogenic. Mycotoxins cause a health disturbance of all animals, but the effects are more noticeable in highly productive animals in the farm way of keeping considering the much greater consumption of concentrate feeds, although forages also can be contaminated with mycotoxins in a significant manner. Mycotoxicoses are the most com?mon seasonal illnesses, and are an important diagnostic problem in veterinary practice, because its characteristics often resemble diseases caused by pathogens or nutritional deficiency or imbalance. The degree of health disturbances depends on the amount of toxins in feed and the length of intaking as on types and categories of animals. The presence of mycotoxins in animal feed is inevitable and therefore testing of raw materials and products is necessary so that feed for humans and animals can be safe for use. Damages arising as consequences of mycotoxicosis in poultry and swine production, due to the direct loss because of animals lossor, more commonly, indirectly due to the fall productive and reproductive performances of animals, imposed the need for continuous monitoring of the hygienic quality of feed mixtures for feeding these animals. During a five year period (2007-2012) were analyzed a total of 104 samples from the territory of Republic of Serbia intended for nutrition of all categories of poultry and mixtures for the initial and final fattening broilers (50 samples) and laying hens (54). The analysis included 57 samples of feed mixtures intended for all categories of swine - feed mixture for young (20 samples) and the old categories (37 samples) and 196 of the samples, which are commonly used in formulating rations for listed species (maize, soybean and sunflower meal). For the analysis of the samples was used thin layer chromatography and Elisa test. The results were compared with current Regulations on the quality of the feed (Official Gazette of RS 41/09) in force since 1.05.2010. in the part where the maximum allowable quantities of hazardous substances (Article 99) gives the value of the maximum permitted levels of mycotoxins in animal feed. The number and types of mycotoxins vary depending on the feed, as well as on the year which can be directly related to climatic factors, and the average annual humidity. The fact that in the samples was not detected the presence of aflatoxin indicate that in our conditions toxin producing fungi do not find fertile ground for the production of toxins, as well as the absence of certain nutrients in the production of complete feed mixtures for pigs and poultry, which are the traditional sources of aflatoxin (peanut oil meals). The results are encouraging given the fact a relatively small number of defective mixtures and nutrients. However, the fact that only a limited number of feed sam?ples we received for the analysis suggests further caution and constant monitoring of the presence of mycotoxins in animal feed.

scholarly journals Nutritive value of fodder mixes for nutrition of cattle in territory of Republic of Serbia

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
Dragan Sefer ◽  
Radmila Markovic ◽  
Marcela Speranda ◽  
Branko Petrujkic
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
Official Gazette ◽  
Intensive Breeding ◽  
Satisfactory Quality

Over a period of five years (2005-2009), the laboratory of the Department for Nutrition and Botanic analyzed 22 samples of mixes from the territory of Serbia, intended for the diet of two categories of cattle (fattening calves I and dairy cows with over 20 liters of milk). The analysis was performed using standard methods, and the obtained results were compared with the quality conditions prescribed under the Regulations on quality and other requirements for animal feed (SRY Official Gazette numbers 20/00 and 38/01). Intensive breeding of cattle implies the use of concentrated mixes for all categories which are adapted to the age and purpose of maintenance of the animals. The mixes are products of the animal food industry, and they are obtained through an established technological procedure using the required raw materials. The inadequate quality of raw materials causes problems involving the quality of the finished products, so that strict adherence to the established recipes does not necessary result in a satisfactory quality of the mixes. All of the above imposes the need for the constant monitoring of the nutritive value of the mixes, and consequently also of their quality. On the grounds of the analysis of the presence of the elementary nutritive matter, no significant differences were established with regard to the prescribed quantity of nutritive matter, so that the use of the examined mixes in the diets of the respective categories of cattle can be expected to yield satisfactory production results. .

IMPACT OF INNOVATIVE METHOD OF PREPARING TOBACCO LEAVES FOR DRYING ON THE BASIC PARAMETERS OF QUALITY OF TOBACCO RAW MATERIAL

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е.Е. Ульянченко
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Tobacco Leaves ◽  
Commercial Grade ◽  
Innovative Method ◽  
Main Indicator ◽  
Basic Parameters

Исследовано влияние приема прорезания средней жилки на основные качественные показатели табачного сырья. Исследования проводили на листьях основных сортотипов табака Трапезонд и Остролист по массовым ломкам. Прорезание жилки осуществляли на инновационном оборудовании экспериментальном образце линии подготовки листьев табака к сушке ЛПТС360 (ВНИИТТИ, Краснодар). Качество табачного сырья с прорезанной жилкой определяли по товарным сортам, технологическим и курительным свойствам, химическому составу по методикам лабораторного контроля ВНИИТТИ. Инновационный способ подготовки табака к сушке в едином потоке с применением технологического оборудования, включающего прорезатель, выявил положительный технологический результат. Установлена эффективность приема прорезания средней жилки: срок естественной сушки листьев с прорезанной жилкой сократился в 2,5 раза выход 1го товарного сорта сырья составил 74,60 87,93 выход волокна сырья с прорезанной жилкой превышает минимальное значение технологических норм (75) в 1,15 1,26 раз условный расход сырья на единицу курительных изделий меньше норматива на 6 25 улучшен основной показатель химического состава табачного сырья (число Шмука) в 1,6 4,6 раза у сортотипа Трапезонд, в 1,2 1,5 раза у сортотипа Остролист дегустационные свойства сырья не ухудшились. Инновационный способ подготовки листьев табака к сушке, включающий прием прорезания средней жилки, рекомендуется для применения в производстве табачного сырья. The influence of middle vein cutting method on the main quality indicators of tobacco raw materials is studied. Studies were carried out on the leaves of the main varieties of tobacco Trapezond and Ostrolist, on mass breakdowns. Vein cutting was carried out on the innovative equipment of the line of preparation of tobacco leaves for drying LPTS360 (GNU VNIITTI RAA, Krasnodar). The quality of tobacco raw materials with a cut vein was determined by commercial grades, technological and Smoking properties, chemical composition in accordance with the methods VNIITTI. An innovative method of preparing tobacco for drying in a single stream with the use of technological equipment, including a cutter, revealed a positive technological result. The period of natural drying of leaves with cut veins decreased by 2,5 times. The yield of the 1st commercial grade of raw materials was 74,60 87,93. The output of the fiber raw material with cut vein exceeds the minimum value of technological norms (75) in 1,15 1,26 times. Conditional consumption of raw materials per unit of Smoking products is less than the norm by 6 25. The method of cutting the middle vein of the leaves improves the main indicator in the chemical composition of tobacco raw materials (Schmuck ratio) 1,6 4,6 times in the variety Trapezond and 1,2 1,5 times in the variety Ostrolist. The tasting properties of raw materials have not deteriorated. Analysis of raw material quality indicators showed that the innovative method of cutting the middle vein is effective and recommended for use in the production of tobacco raw materials.

scholarly journals New Technology of Cotton Sowing

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-303
Author(s):  
Kamaridin Urinovich Komilov, Aypara Djoldasova Kurbanova, Gafurjan Israilovich Muhamedov
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Crust Formation ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Technical Feasibility ◽  
Technological Quality ◽  
The Republic

The possibility of using bulk waste of the chemical industry - phosphogypsum as a useful resource is considered. The results of scientific research and practical experience convincingly proved the technical feasibility and feasibility of using phosphogypsum in the national economy instead of traditional types of natural raw materials. A brief description of phosphogypsum, promising areas for its processing, and some statistics are presented. The article is about the use of chemical ameliorant based on phosphogypsum for effective feedingin various soil and climatic zones for cereals, vegetables, industrial and other crops, to increase the yield of cotton and the technological quality of its fiber. That the use of phosphogypsum as a chemical ameliorant improves the chemical, physical and water-physical properties of saline soils. The article describes a new technology of cotton sowing in the conditions of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The technology of soil treatment and methods of measuring for preventing crust formation are analyzed. The used mechanisms, units and are justified.

Development of new technologies for sorting of fibrous cotton stalks by the combined method “ADAU” and production of sowing material

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (09) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Şahlar Mahmud oğlu Babayev ◽  
◽  
Camaləddin Ələkbər oğlu Məmmədov ◽  
Səfiyyə İbrahim qızı Məhərrəmova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Cotton Stalks ◽  
Cotton Yarns ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Selection Of

The article is devoted to the development of technologies for the production of quality sowing material, which is the main problem of cotton growing, which has a greater share in the agricultural sector, which is the basis of the economy of the republic. For this purpose, a new technology for the production of sowing material was developed as a result of the selection of biologically mature yarns during the combined sorting of fibrous cotton yarns, as well as processing of these yarns by the proposed method, and two positive decisions were made by the Intellectual Property Agency. In addition to the mentioned advantages of the proposed technology, the use of low-percentage starch solution, as well as absorbents with high absorption capacity (zeolite or bentonite) in the country to improve the quality of sowing material in the production of sowing material as a result of processing raw materials. indicates that it has indicators. Key words: fiber, cotton, yarn, combined, sorting, sowing material, production, technology

Influence of Gypsum Additive on the Formation of Tobermorite in Autoclaved Aerated Concrete

2016 ◽  
Vol 714 ◽  
pp. 116-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ester Helanova ◽  
Rostislav Drochytka ◽  
Vit Cerný
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Hydrothermal Reaction ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fly Ashes ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Autoclaved Aerated Concrete ◽  
Variable Chemical ◽  
Aerated Concrete

The quality of the aerated concrete strongly depends on the chemical composition of the raw materials, as well as the process of the hydrothermal reaction during autoclaving. Due to the variable chemical composition of fly ashes, it is necessary to identify the effect of each ion on the formation of the microstructure of aerated concrete. This paper examines the process of formation of tobermorite with the addition of sulphates in various percentage representation. The microstructure of aerated concrete is assessed using SEM images and the mineralogical by means of X-ray analysis.

scholarly journals Determination of the comprehensive indicator of pastille with the use of multi-component fruit-berry paste

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3(59)) ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
Kateryna Kasabova ◽  
Nataliа Shmatchenko ◽  
Aleksey Zagorulko ◽  
Andreii Zahorulko
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Comprehensive Assessment ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Human Need ◽  
Pectin Substances

The object of research in this work is the technology of pastille with the addition of multicomponent fruit and berry paste. Pastille are becoming more and more popular in the world for all segments of the population. Usually, the main ingredients for their manufacture are fruit raw materials, a structurant and egg white, therefore, the products contain practically no fat and have a low calorie content. It is proposed to replace 75 % of traditional applesauce in the recipe with a multicomponent fruit and berry paste made from apples, cranberries, hawthorn. It was found that such a composition makes it possible to obtain products with an increased content of pectin substances, ascorbic acid, polyphenols, including anthocyanins, catechins and flavonols. The work is aimed at studying the application of the principles of qualimetry to determine a complex indicator of the quality of pastille For this, the organoleptic and physicochemical indicators of the quality of the developed pastille were taken from previous studies and the chemical composition was determined and the content of biologically active substances was calculated relative to the average daily human need. The content of pectin substances in new products increases 1.7 times and satisfies the average daily human need by 18.2 %. The content of ascorbic acid is 4.2 times higher, which is 20.5 % of the average daily human need, and polyphenols 3.2 times higher – 579.0 %. The data obtained make it possible to consider the developed product functional. The next step was to determine the complex indicator of products by the qualimetric method. For a more complete disclosure of product properties, a structure of pastille quality indicators has been developed – a «tree of properties». Thus, the comprehensive assessment of the quality of the control sample corresponds to the indicator «good» (0.66), while the integrated assessment of pastille with multicomponent paste corresponds to the indicator «very good» (0.98). On the basis of organoleptic, physicochemical indicators and chemical composition of products, it was established that the indicator of a comprehensive assessment of the quality of a pastille with a multicomponent paste, taking into account all group indicators, is 48 % higher compared to the control.

scholarly journals Heat Processing and Change of Proper Indicators of Basalts

Land Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. p1
Author(s):  
Rashidova R K ◽  
Kurbanov Abdirakhim Ahmedovich ◽  
Aliyev T ◽  
Jiyanov A B ◽  
Turdieva O J ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Heat Processing ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Mineral Raw Materials ◽  
Different Color ◽  
Basalt Rock

This paper presents the results of the analysis of the quality of basalts, their heat treatment and studies of changes in the chemical composition of basalts, which leads to a change in the external color of partially processed basalt raw materials (hereinafter referred to as semi-finished product). The results of a study of purified basalt from slime, impurities and hydroxides, changes in the chemical composition of basalt rock are presented. The prospects of heat treatment of a semi-finished product and obtaining multi-colored products from mineral raw materials is shown. It was found that the optimal firing temperature of the semi-finished product, the possible options for changing the external color and the criterion points of the thermal effect at which the basalt semi-finished product changes the external shade. These statements are of great scientific and practical interest in the fact that during the heat treatment of a semifinished product, basalt easily overheats and gradually acquires a different color, which occurs to a liquids temperature and allows the future to plan to obtain high-quality multi-colored products from basalts, for example, products for design.

scholarly journals LOW-MELTING UNFRITTED GLAZE IN THE MATERIALS SYSTEM "QUARTZ SAND-ULEXIT-SODA-FELVESPATCH CONCENTRATE

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
V. Onishchuk ◽  
S. Ageeva ◽  
E. Doroganov
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Quartz Sand ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Glassy State ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Fundamental Possibility ◽  
Feldspar Concentrate ◽  
Optimal Values

The article presents the results of studies aimed at establishing the possibility of obtaining low-melting nephritized glazes for majolica with a glass transition temperature of not more than 1000 ° C in the system of materials "quartz sand - ulexite - soda - feldspar concentrate". A rational choice of raw materials will ensure the production of slips that are able to maintain their design chemical composition during the application of majolica to the shard, therefore, provide the specified chemical composition of the glaze and contribute to obtaining the required physical, mechanical and chemical properties of the glaze layer. The design of the material compositions of the charges and the chemical compositions of the glaze coatings was carried out using the mathematical planning of the experiment, which significantly reduced the time and material costs for research. The parameters that determine the quality of slips and glaze coatings have been established, their most optimal values have been identified, which ensure the production of acceptable glaze coatings, and the ways to optimize work in the studied direction have been determined. As a result, the fundamental possibility of obtaining low-melting nephritized glazes in the system of materials "quartz sand - ulexite - soda - feldspar concentrate, capable of transforming into a glassy state at temperatures not exceeding 1000 ºC, has been proved.

scholarly journals PERENCANAAN PERBAIKAN MUTU PRODUK DENGAN METODE KAIZEN PADA PERUSAHAAN

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdurrozzaq Hasibuan
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Output Stage ◽  
Control Limits

Kaizen is a Japanese concept that means improvement continuous process to constantly improve the quality and productivity output. Stage of the data processing is done in this study using seven quality control tools (seven tools). From the results of the data processing is done by using the seven tools of quality control so visible damage that occurs feed the ash High temperatures, low water levels and the color is not uniform feed. Histogram and Pareto diagram showing the greatest amount of damage to small, the color is not uniform feed as many as 6800 Kg (41.34%), high ash content as much as 5050 Kg (30.70%) and low water levels as much as 4600 Kg (27.96%).Based on a causal diagram can be seen several causes defects in animal feed products C-281 human factors, among others, due to lack of skill or abilities of the workers themselves, less rigorous labor in performing measurements so the size does not match the required specifications. And factors that usually raw materials can cause defects in animal feed products C-281 is due to the quality of the raw materials are not in accordance with the standards set by the previous company. From the calculation of the map control is obtained that no data which are beyond the control chart or no data outside the control limits.

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