scholarly journals Maternal smoking during pregnancy and socioeconomic factors as predictors of low birth weight in term pregnancies in Nis

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miodrag Stojanovic ◽  
Vladmila Bojanic ◽  
Dijana Musovic ◽  
Zoran Milosevic ◽  
Dusica Stojanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Children Health ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy

Background/Aim. Low birth weight (LBW) is a result of preterm birth or intrauterine growth retardation, and in both cases is the strongest single factor associated with perinatal and neonatal mortality. It is considered that socioeconomic factors, as well as mothers bad habits, play the most significant role in the development of LBW, which explains notable number of researches focused on this particular problem. The aim of this study was to characterize socioeconomic factors, as well as smoking habits of the mothers, and their connection with LBW. Methods. The questionnaire was carried out among mothers of 2 years old children (n = 956), born after 37 gestational weeks. The characteristics of mothers who had children with LBW, defined as < 2 500 g, (n = 50), were matched with the characteristics of mothers who had children ? 2 500 g, (n = 906). For defining risk factors, and protective factors as well, we used univariant and multivariant logistic modeles. Results. As significant risk factors for LBW in an univariant model we had education level of the mothers, smoking during pregnancy, smoking before pregnancy, the number of daily cigarettes, the number of cigarettes used during pregnancy, paternal earnings and socioeconomic factors. In a multivariant model the most significant factors were socioeconomic factors, education level of the mothers, paternal earnings and mothers smoking during pregnancy. Conclusion. Smoking during pregnancy and socioeconomic factors have great influence on LBW. Future studies should be carried out in different social groups, with the intention to define their influence on LBW and reproduction, as well. This should be the proper way of adequate health breeding planning for giving up smoking, the prevention of bad habits and melioration of mothers and children health, as the most vulnerable population.

Contribution of prenatal factors and in formation of asthma phenotypes in children (part I)

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liudmila A Zhelenina ◽  
Anna N Galustyan ◽  
Natalya B Platonova ◽  
Mariya V Kuropatenko
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Asthma Phenotype ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Asthma Phenotypes ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Hyperimmunoglobulinemia E

Results of the prospective study conducted to assess the perinatal risk factors contribution in the asthma phenotypes formation in childhood are presented. Of 712 children, which have been observed from the first wheezing onset in St Petersburg’s state ambulances, 238 children with bronchial asthma developed in later years of life were included in random sample. Bronchial asthma proceeded in the structure of atopic disease in 128 children (phenotype ABA), and as the part of the limited allergic lesion of respiratory tract - in 110 children (phenotype RBA). It was found that bronchial asthma in mother, especially mother’s asthma with the early age onset, pregnancy pathology and maternal Smoking during pregnancy are the most significant risk factors which contribute in formation of ABA asthma phenotype. Maternal Smoking during pregnancy increased the frequency of severe asthma with ABA phenotype in the offspring during next years of their life. Clinically, the ABA phenotype is characterized by more frequent debut at the age of 1 year and usually diagnosed before 7 years of age, the presence of food sensitization in 70-90 % of cases, and a high level of hyperimmunoglobulinemia E. Such triggers as the Cesarean delivery, absence of the breastfeeding and exposure to tobacco products in the first years of life are the most significant risk factors in formation of the RBA asthma phenotype. The absence of allergic diseases in both parents or allergic ллерголог in mothers, later age debut and diagnosis of asthma, extremely low frequency of food sensibilization (less than 15 %), high frequency of hyperresponsivity, and low frequency of hyperimmunoglobulinemia E, exceeds the norm in 2 times are the typical features of RBA asthma phenotype.

Maternal smoking and congenital malformations

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Källén
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Premature Birth ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Perinatal Outcome ◽  
Neonatal Death ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Small Head ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy

Since the first report by Simpson (1957) of the association between premature birth and maternal smoking, the research on the consequences of maternal smoking during pregnancy on perinatal outcome has been intense. Even if some of the findings have been contradictory, it is now evident that maternal smoking is associated with pre-term birth and low birth weight, low birth weight for gestational age, small head circumference, low Apgar score at 5 min, stillbirth and neonatal death.

scholarly journals Does a Rising Median Income Lift All Birth Weights? County Median Income Changes and Low Birth Weight Incidence Rates for Black and White Americans

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Stuart Curtis ◽  
Thomas E Fuller-Rowell ◽  
Daniel L. Carlson ◽  
Ming Wen ◽  
Michael R. Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Median Income ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Black And White

Differences in low birth weight incidence (LBW) by race and place are long-standing, often embedded in enduring social ecologies where insufficient health resources are paired with an array of risk factors. Local or group-specific economic resources are known to be a fundamental contributor to these social ecologies, yet few studies have investigated how within-area changing economic conditions are linked to birth outcomes. This study examines county-level change in median income and black-white income differences as predictors of LBW incidence and LBW racial disparities. Time-varying county prevalence and black-white differences in maternal sociodemographic and health risk factors (e.g., non-marital childbearing, smoking during pregnancy) are considered as explanations for income estimates. Data come from U.S. birth records for approximately 24.8 million non-Hispanic black and white mothers with a singleton live birth (1992-2014). Records were aggregated in three-year county-period measurements for the 732 counties meeting eligibility requirements. Based on county by period fixed effects models, a $10,000 increase in county median income was associated with a reduction in LBW incidence of 2.7 per 1000 live births, and in the black-white LBW gap by 5.6 per 1000. Time-varying county maternal sociodemographic and health risks attenuated the link between median income and LBW by 72% and 31%, respectively, but not the association between median income and the racial LBW gap. Contrary to our hypothesis, conditioning on median income changes, a widening racial income difference was associated with a smaller black-white LBW gap (a finding explored in post hoc analyses). Our results suggest that, if successful in raising median income, local government efforts to stimulate economic growth and employment opportunities are likely to reduce both population incidence and black-white differences in LBW. [This draft paper is intended for review and comments only. It is not intended for citation, quotation, or other use in any form]

scholarly journals Audiological screening of high risk infants and prevalence of risk factors

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 507
Author(s):  
Regina M. ◽  
Sanu P. Moideen ◽  
Mohan M. ◽  
Mohammed M.T.P. ◽  
Khizer Hussain Afroze M.
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Auditory Brain Stem Response ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
High Risk Infants

Background: Hearing loss in early life can have deleterious effects on child’s psychosocial, scholastic and social-emotional development. Early identification and timely intervention can provide the child with better speech and language development. This study has been done to estimate the prevalence of hearing impairment among high risk infants as per Joint Committee on Infant Hearing (JCIH) criteria and to study the risk factors associated with neonatal hearing impairment.Methods: This multicentric observational study was conducted among 613 high risk infants admitted and discharged from neonatal intensive care units (NICU) of Academy of Medical Sciences, Kannur, Kerala and Sri Siddhartha Medical College and Research Centre, Tumakuru, Karnataka, India (level III neonatology units with an NICU admissions of average around 1200 per year), during the period August 2015 - August 2016 (12 months). The babies were selected based on the JCIH 2007 criteria. All babies were subjected to behavioral audiometry (BA) and Oto Acoustic Emissions (OAE), preferably within 3 weeks. Those failing OAE were reevaluated at 6th week and with Auditory brain stem response (ABR) within 3 months time. Results: A total of 613 high risk babies were screened. 42 (6.76%) among them were having hearing impairment. The most common risk factors associated with hearing impairment was NICU stay for more than 24 hours, prematurity, low birth weight and meningitis/sepsis etc.Conclusions: Hearing impairment among high risk babies is not a rare condition. In our study, the prevalence was 6.76%. Low birth weight, admission to NICU for more than 24 hours, low APGAR, meningitis/sepsis, maternal and neonatal complications are significant risk factors for hearing impairment among neonates. This highlights the need for neonatal screening. Though we recommend a universal screening program, at least a targeted approach should be practiced in neonatal care. Those babies who are found to have hearing impairment should be closely followed up with early intervention and rehabilitation.  

scholarly journals Is adolescent pregnancy a risk factor for low birth weight?

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alzira Maria D'avila Nery Guimarães ◽  
Heloísa Bettiol ◽  
Luiz De Souza ◽  
Ricardo Q Gurgel ◽  
Maria Luiza Dória Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Adolescent Pregnancy ◽  
Adolescent Mothers ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate whether adolescent pregnancy is a risk factor for low birth weight (LBW) babies. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of mothers and their newborns from a birth cohort in Aracaju, Northeastern Brazil. Data were collected consecutively from March to July 2005. Information collected included socioeconomic, biological and reproductive aspects of the mothers, using a standardized questionnaire. The impact of early pregnancy on birth weight was evaluated by multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: We studied 4,746 pairs of mothers and their babies. Of these, 20.6% were adolescents (< 20 years of age). Adolescent mothers had worse socioeconomic and reproductive conditions and perinatal outcomes when compared to other age groups. Having no prenatal care and smoking during pregnancy were the risk factors associated with low birth weight. Adolescent pregnancy, when linked to marital status "without partner", was associated with an increased proportion of low birth weight babies. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescence was a risk factor for LBW only for mothers without partners. Smoking during pregnancy and lack of prenatal care were considered to be independent risk factors for LBW.

scholarly journals A case control study of modifiable risk factors of low birth weight among full term babies at Omdurman maternity hospital, Khartoum, Sudan 2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ethar Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Low birth weight (delivery of an infant with less than 2500 grams) is owed to two main causes, either IUGR or pre-term delivery. It makes the newborn susceptible to many health issues from birth and through the adulthood life. Whoever IUGR is the leading cause of LBW in developing countries, and hence it is more reliable here in Sudan to study the risk factors that lead to it which are whoever mostly modifiable. This is a hospital based unmatched case-control study. A total of 134 (67 cases and 67 controls) mothers and their full-term newborn infants were included in the study. The participants were interviewed with a questionnaire and anthropometric measurements were obtained at the end of the interview. The data was analyzed using SPSS and Odd ratios of the risk factors were calculated. The main risk factors that found to influence the birth weight of our study participants were lack of maternal education, rural place of residence, bleeding during pregnancy, high blood pressure during pregnancy, inadequate spacing, lack of ANC follow up, not having iron supplementation and exposure to passive smoking during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Fatores de Risco para Sépsis Associada aos Cuidados de Saúde em Recém-nascidos de Muito Baixo Peso

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Pereira ◽  
Ema Grilo ◽  
Patrícia Cardoso ◽  
Natália Noronha ◽  
Cristina Resende
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Average Birth Weight ◽  
Healthcare Associated

<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Healthcare associated infections in very low birth weight infants are associated with significant morbidity and mortality and are also a cause of increased length of stay and hospital costs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the rate of healthcare-associated sepsis and associated risk factors in very low birth weight infants.<br /><strong>Material and Methods:</strong> Retrospective observational study including very low birth weight infants hospitalized in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit during ten years (2005-2014). We evaluated the association between several risk factors and healthcare-associated sepsis.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> 461 very low birth weight infants were admitted. There were 110 episodes of HS in 104 very low birth weight infants and 53 episodes of sepsis associated with central vascular catheter. The density of the sepsis was 7.5/1 000 days of hospitalization and the density of central vascular catheter - associated sepsis was 22.6/1 000 days of use. The infants with HS had lower average birth weight and gestational age (959 ± 228 g vs 1191 ± 249 g and 27.6 ± 2 vs 29.8 ± 2.2 weeks), p &lt; 0.001. After adjusting for birth weight and gestational age we verified an association between healthcare-associated sepsis and antibiotic therapy in D1, the duration of parenteral nutrition and central vascular catheter. After logistic regression only the gestational age and duration of parenteral nutrition remained as independent significant risk factors for healthcare-associated sepsis. <br /><strong>Discussion:</strong> The independent factors for healthcare-associated sepsis are gestational age and duration of parenteral nutrition.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> For each extra week on gestational age the risk declined in 20% and for each day of NP the risk increased 22%.</p>

scholarly journals Presentation and outcomes of early and late onset neonatal sepsis in a Nigerian Hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 2390-2399
Author(s):  
Ezra Ogundare ◽  
Akinyemi Akintayo ◽  
Theophilus Aladekomo ◽  
Lateef Adeyemi ◽  
Tinuade Ogunlesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Diffusion Method

Background: Neonatal Sepsis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates despite great advances in antimicrobial therapy and life support measures.Objectives: To compare the aetiology, risk factors, presentation and outcomes of care between early onset neonatal sepsis (EOS) and late onset neonatal sepsis (LOS).Methods: Bacterial isolates were identified using blood cultures and antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using disc diffusion method. The risk factors, clinical presentation, laboratory findings and neonatal outcomes of the babies with EOS were compared with LOS. Statistical significance was set at P <0.05.Results: Neonatal Sepsis was responsible for 16% of Special Care Baby Unit (SCBU) admissions. Of the 72 babies with sepsis, 56 (77.8%) had EOS as against 16 (22.2%) who had late-onset sepsis. Low birth weight (p=0.01) and perinatal asphyxia (p=0.01) were significantly associated with EOS while for LOS, delivery outside the health facility (p=0.01) was the only significant risk factor. Respiratory distress was more significantly observed in EOS (p = 0.01). Neonatal deaths occurred in 32% of babies with EOS while all babies with culture positive LOS survived.Conclusion: Early onset neonatal sepsis is associated with high likelihood of neonatal mortality. Unsupervised delivery, birth asphyxia and low birth weight are risk factors associated with neonatal sepsis. Efforts to ensure supervised hospital delivery and improvement in neonatal resuscitation may reduce the incidence of neonatal sepsis and its attendant complications.Keywords: Onset neonatal , Nigerian Hospital.

scholarly journals Risk Factors Correlated with Incidence of Low Birth Weight Cases

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 349
Author(s):  
Anjas Dwi Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Birth Interval ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Multiple Pregnancy ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Pregnancy Hypertension

The infant with Low Birth Weight (LBW) was one of the risk factors that contributed to the high infant mortality, especially in the neonatal period. About 17% from 25 millions birth each year in the world are infant with LBW. LBW could be caused by multifactor that were maternal factors (maternal age, birth interval, parity, anemia), social-economic and behaviour, fetus factor, placental factor, and environmental factor. The research aims was to analyze the risk factors correlated with incidence of LBW. This research was an observational  research with case-control design. The number of samples in this research were 120 mothers who delivered in working area of RSIA Kendangsari in 2014. The subjects were selected used systematic random method. The independent variabels in this research were maternal age, education level, employment status, birth interval, parity, age pregnancy, multiple pregnancy, hypertension, and anemia, while the dependent variable in this research was LBW. Based on correlation analysis used Chi-square test showed there were not significant correlation (p>0,05) between birth interval and parity with LBW cases and there were significant correlations (p<0,05) between age pregnancy, hypertension during pregnancy and anemia with LBW cases. Odds Ratio (OR) were 13,571 on age pregnancy, 2,224 on multiple pregnancy,2,753 on hypertension and 4,030 on anemia. The conlusion showed that the risk factors of LBW cases were age pregnancy, multiple pregnancy, hypertension and anemia. While maternal age, education level, employment status, birth intervaland parity were not had any correlation with LBW cases.Keywords: LBW, risk factors, babies, maternal, pregnancy

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