Jan Mayen in Perspective

1988 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elliot L. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Joint Development ◽  
Joint Management ◽  
Boundary Disputes ◽  
Maritime Boundary ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Development Approach ◽  
The Right

On October 22, 1981, the Governments of Iceland and Norway approved an agreement for the joint management of the resources of the Jan Mayen continental shelf. Incorporating the recommendations of a three-member conciliation commission, the Agreement obviated the need to draw a line demarcating the right to exploit the nonliving resources in the disputed area. The proliferation of boundary disputes during the intervening 7 years makes this an appropriate time to look at the potential benefits of using this approach in other maritime boundary disputes. After reviewing the stages in the resolution of the Jan Mayen dispute and the terms of the Agreement, this essay will discuss other situations in which the joint development approach has been used, the factors affecting its success and some examples of current delimitation disputes where this approach may be applicable.

THE INTERNATIONAL CASES CONCERNING JOINT DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENTS (The Case of Saadia Arabia- Bahrain, Japan-South Korea, Thailand-Malaysia)

ANCIENT LAND ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
Jamila Rashadat Majidli ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Petroleum Reservoir ◽  
Development Zone ◽  
Joint Development ◽  
Boundary Disputes ◽  
Maritime Boundary ◽  
Border Dispute ◽  
Fiscal Regime ◽  
Zone Field ◽  
The Right

This article is dedicated to analysing the joint development agreements resolving or temporarily suspending maritime boundary disputes cases between Japan-South Korea, Saadia Arabia-Bahrain, and Thailand-Malaysia. Regardless of whether any delimitation line exists or not, international law allows the parties to agree on delimitation by consulting on the most appropriate conditions or jointly operate on the disputed zone, field or maritime border. If the cross-border dispute on hydrocarbon resources exists, the conclusion of a unitization agreement is not ruled out by the international practice as much. This article identifies the features of the joint development agreements, divides them into the three models recognized internationally, analyzes the main characteristics of each model of the joint development agreements through historical important precedents. Furthermore, the research lets daylight into the essential statements that regulate the fiscal regime, share proportion issues, the sovereign right, and the right to use subsoil and the seabed, within the agreements. Key words: Maritime boundary disputes, joint development agreements, unitization agreements, delimitation, joint development zone, international cases, demarcation of the continental shelf, seabed, disputes on petroleum reservoir, oil fields, production share agreements

Factors Affecting Access to Electronic Informaitn and Their Implications

2011 ◽  
pp. 826-832
Author(s):  
G. Kebede
Keyword(s):  
Information Society ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Right To Information ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
Key Resources

Information is a key ingredient in everyday life of the individual and the society at large. Information has become increasingly more important with the emergence of information society. Information and knowledge are key resources, and generation and communication of these is the mainstay of the workforce in the emerging information society. Because of the value that information has in the day-to-day life and development of human beings, the right to information is held as a basic right of individuals in many countries. Information and knowledge exist in oral, print, and electronic forms. However, information and knowledge have little value unless they are accessed when needed in a form they are needed. If access to existing information does not take place, the potential benefits of possessing of information will be lost. In other words, the key to unleashing the benefits of information and knowledge is effective access to them. As such access to information is recognized to be an instrument to help citizens to realize their own potential; to increase their skills, knowledge and capacity; and to take part in and benefit from information society (FARN, 2001). Scientific progress also depends upon the accessibility of existing scientific knowledge upon which new knowledge is built.

Bantuan Hukum Cuma-Cuma Bagi Tersangka yang Tidak Mampu Pada Tingkat Penyidikan

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rio Saputra ◽  
Mokhammad Najih
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Legal Aid ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Legal Structure ◽  
Procedure Code ◽  
Study Techniques ◽  
The Right

<p><em>Suspects have the right to obtain legal assistance, especially for suspects who are classified as economically disadvantaged in accordance with Article 56 of the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP). The facts show that there are many irregularities in the implementation of legal aid, therefore it is necessary to know about the implementation of free legal aid for suspects who are incapacitated at the level of investigation and the factors that become obstacles in the implementation of legal aid. This legal research is an empirical legal research and this research is descriptive in nature. The data used are primary data and secondary data. The techniques used to collect data were document study techniques and interview techniques. Inhibiting factors affecting the implementation of free legal aid for suspects who are unable at the level of investigation can be classified and differentiated into 3 factors, namely, legal substance, legal structure, and legal culture).</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>Legal Aid, Criminal Cases</em></p>

scholarly journals Demographic, Social, Economic, and Regional Factors Affecting the Diffusion of Hybrid Electric Vehicles in Japan

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2130
Author(s):  
Ken’ichi Matsumoto ◽  
Yui Nakamine ◽  
Sunyong Eom ◽  
Hideki Kato
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Alternative Fuel Vehicles ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
The Right

The transportation sector is a major contributor to carbon dioxide emissions, and the resulting climate change. The diffusion of alternative fuel vehicles, including hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), is an important solution for these issues. This study aimed to evaluate the factors affecting the ownership ratio of HEVs, particularly passenger vehicles, and the regional differences in the purchase of HEVs in Japan. This study performed a fixed-effects regression analysis with panel data for 47 prefectures during the period 2005–2015 to evaluate the factors affecting the HEV ownership ratio and conducted three cluster analyses to investigate the regional differences in diffusion in terms of price categories, body types, and drive systems of HEVs. Some demographic and social factors were found to affect the ownership ratio in Japan, whereas economic factors, including prefecture-level subsidies for purchasing HEVs, were not. Regarding regional differences, prefectures in urban areas with higher income levels tend to purchase more expensive and large-sized HEVs. These results suggest that a strategy to sell the right vehicle to the right person and region is essential for further promoting HEVs in Japan.

scholarly journals Maritime boundary disputes: What are they and why do they matter?

Marine Policy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 104118
Author(s):  
Andreas Østhagen
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Disputes ◽  
Maritime Boundary

scholarly journals Intraocular Lens Dislocation after Cataract Surgery in Tambolaka, Southwest Sumba, Indonesia: A Case Report

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-184
Author(s):  
Ratna Sitompul
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Intraocular Lens ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Cataract Extraction ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Intraocular Lens Dislocation ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
The Right ◽  
Iol Dislocation

Intraocular lens (IOL) dislocation is a rare complication of cataract extraction requiring prompt surgery. This case report aims to raise awareness of such cases and the importance of post-surgery follow-up. A 58-year-old female patient was found with anterior IOL dislocation a week after phacoemulsification surgery in her right eye. Visual acuity of the right eye was 1/60 with ciliary injection and IOL dislocation to the anterior chamber of the right eye. The patient underwent surgery of the right eye and the IOL haptic was found to be broken. In this case report, the factors affecting IOL dislocation are axis length, broken IOL haptic, and patient activity that increased intraocular pressure. Cataract extraction surgery, although common, needs to be conducted carefully, and it is important for ophthalmologists and general practitioners to detect this condition, especially in rural areas where facilities are limited, as IOL dislocation could occur and requires immediate treatment to achieve a better result.

scholarly journals Defining eez Claims from Islands: A Potential South China Sea Change

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Beckman ◽  
Clive H. Schofield
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
Joint Development ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Maritime Boundary ◽  
The Face ◽  
Maritime Disputes ◽  
United Nations Convention

In the face of seemingly intractable territorial and maritime disputes in the South China Sea, the article examines how the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (losc), sets out what maritime claims States can make in the South China Sea and how it establishes a framework that will enable States to either negotiate maritime boundary agreements or negotiate joint development arrangements (jdas) in areas of overlapping maritime claims. It provides an avenue whereby the maritime claims of the claimants can be brought into line with international law, potentially allowing for meaningful discussions on cooperation and maritime joint development based on areas of overlapping maritime claims defined on the basis of the losc.

Intervention in the International Court

1981 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 903-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip C. Jessup
Keyword(s):  
Continental Shelf ◽  
International Court Of Justice ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
International Court ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time

For the first time the International Court of Justice has squarely faced and ruled upon the right of a third state to intervene in a case to which two other states are parties. The litigation was the Case Concerning the Continental Shelf (Tunisia/Libyan Arab Jamahiriya), Application of Malta for Permission to Intervene, Judgment of April 14, 1981. The Court unanimously denied permission to intervene, but three judges appended separate opinions which contain matters of considerable interest.

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