An Experiment in Water-Sieving

1971 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. French
Keyword(s):  
High Standard ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Recovery Techniques ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Very High ◽  
Excavation Methods

A great deal is being written about the methods of analysing data after it has been collected on an archaeological site; very little, however, has been said about the methods by which the data is retrieved. It may be that the two are not really separate.Since the appearance of Archaeology from the Earth in 1954, further development of the excavation methods there propounded by Sir Mortimer Wheeler has been neglected. Too often, it seems, excavation techniques are assumed to be ‘scientific’ because of a resemblance, chance or not, to something advocated in that basic and fundamental work. It is the intention here to suggest that there are retrieval techniques which might, with advantage, be used alongside the very high standard, advanced by Wheeler, of excavation by soil-stratification. The experiment described below is one of several which are, at present, being developed to meet the problems of archaeological recovery techniques.

The habitable zone of Earth-mass planets around 47 UMa: results for land and water worlds

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Franck ◽  
M. Cuntz ◽  
W. von Bloh ◽  
C. Bounama
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
System Approach ◽  
Distinct Type ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Habitable Zone ◽  
Stable Orbit ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Earth Like Planets ◽  
Very High

In a previous paper, we showed that Earth-type habitable planets around 47 UMa are in principle possible if a distinct set of conditions is warranted. These conditions include that the Earth-type planets have successfully formed and are orbitally stable and, in addition, that the 47 UMa star–planet system is relatively young ([lsim ]6 Gyr). We now extend this study by considering Earth-like planets with different land/ocean coverages. This study is again based on the so-called integrated system approach, which describes the photosynthetic biomass production taking into account a variety of climatological, biogeochemical and geodynamical processes. This approach implies a special characterization of the habitable zone defined for a distinct type of planet. We show that the likelihood of finding a habitable Earth-like planet on a stable orbit around 47 UMa critically depends on the percentage of the planetary land/ocean coverage. The likelihood is significantly increased for planets with a very high percentage of ocean surface (‘water worlds’).

scholarly journals Production of radioisotopes within a plasma focus device

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ergisto Angeli ◽  
Agostino Tartari ◽  
Michele Frignani ◽  
Vincenzo Molinari ◽  
Domiziano Mostacci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Plasma Focus ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Experimental Production ◽  
Endogenous Production ◽  
The Us ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Radio Isotopes ◽  
Very High

In recent years, research conducted in the US and in Italy has demonstrated production of radioisotopes in plasma focus devices, and particularly, on what could be termed "endogenous" production, to wit, production within the plasma it self, as opposed to irradiation of tar gets. This technique relies on the formation of localized small plasma zones characterized by very high densities and fairly high temperatures. The conditions prevailing in these zones lead to high nuclear reaction rates, as pointed out in previous work by several authors. Further investigation of the cross sections involved has proven necessary to model the phenomena involved. In this paper, the present status of research in this field is re viewed, both with regards to cross section models and to experimental production of radio isotopes. Possible out comes and further development are discussed.

Bioclimate of Jericho in Palestine

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jehad Ighbareyeh
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Thermal Model ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Stone Age ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Latitudinal Belt ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Very High

 Jericho is an ancient Canaanite Palestinian city and one of the oldest cities in history, which dates back to more than 10.000 BC (Stone Age). It is located near to the Jordan River, north of the Dead Sea, and north of Jerusalem. Moreover, it considered the lowest area in the earth and has a unique climatic zone. during the study period (1975-1995), was utilized the Salvador Rivas Martinez scale to classify the bioclimate of the earth to analysis the climate and bioclimate data, which was obtained from one station from Palestinian Meteorology Department (Jericho station). The results revealed that the mean monthly temperature was 22.4 0C, mean maximum temperature was 34.8 0C, mean monthly minimum temperature was 15.3 0C, the value of the annual ombrothermic index was 0.6, the compensated thermicity index is very high around 1209/1209 and the simple continentality index was 16.7. The bioclomate of Jericho is located within the zones of the thermal model under the inframediterranean basin, the dry and arid regions. Jericho is belong to Mediterranean desertic-oceanic, the latitudinal belt as subtropical, while continentality is oceanic-low eu-oceanic.

scholarly journals Surgical training in the UK

2007 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-14
Author(s):  
L Williams
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Training ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Training System ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Very High ◽  
The Eu

The surgical training system in the UK has long been considered to be of a very high standard. However, it is currently under threat from many changes. To assure the quality of the future surgical consultant workforce we have moved away from apprentice-type training towards more ordered education. Although the reduction in hours and years will mean less overall experience there is a genuine belief that improved education and assessment can compensate. It says much for our island mentality that although we belong to the EU we consider European surgical training to be distinct from our own.

scholarly journals Intravaginal Devices and GNSS Collars with Satellite Communication to Detect Calving Events in Extensive Beef Production in Northern Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 3963
Author(s):  
Christie Pearson ◽  
Lucy Lush ◽  
Luciano A. González
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Satellite Communication ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
Average Activity ◽  
Newborn Calves ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Very High

Observing calves at birth may help to identify risk factors for, and reduce, calf loss in extensive beef systems. The objectives of this study were to: (1) evaluate two commercial satellite birth alert systems to enable the observation of newborn calves and (2) assess behavioral changes of cows around calving. Vaginal Implant Transmitters (VIT) paired with Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) collars were worn by 20 cows in Trial 1 and 10 cows in Trial 2 to identify birthing events. The VIT and GNSS collars contained a temperature sensor, accelerometer, and very high frequency (VHF) to communicate with a handheld tracker, and ultra-high frequency (UHF) for communication between the VIT and GNSS collar, which had two-way communication using Iridium satellites. A change (Brand 1) or drop (Brand 2) in temperature of more than 3 °C and inactivity triggered the VIT to communicate an expelled alert to the collar, which transmitted the birth alert information via Iridium (device ID, date, time and geolocation of the GNSS collar at expulsion). Cows and calves were tracked in the paddock following a birth alert to assess their health and status. Overall, true birth alerts occurred in only 27.6% of devices. Cows remained active on the day of calving travelling 5.54 ± 4.11 and 5.00 ± 2.80 km/day compared to 6.45 ± 2.79 and 6.12 ± 2.30 km/d on days when calving did not occur for Trial 1 and 2, respectively (mean ± SD). Average activity of the accelerometer X- and Y-axis on calving day was reduced by 15%–20% compared to other days in Trial 1 (p < 0.05) but not in Trial 2 (p > 0.05). Results suggest that these two birth alert systems are not suitable for use in extensive systems and the further development of the technology is required. Cows in the current trials remained active on the day of, and after, calving, indicating that a faster, real-time alert system and communication protocol would be required to achieve the aim of finding newborn calves.

scholarly journals New Trends in Raman Spectroscopy: From High-Resolution Geochemistry to Planetary Exploration

Elements ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Beyssac
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Raman Signal ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Surface Enhanced ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman ◽  
Anti Stokes ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Very High

This article reviews nonconventional Raman spectroscopy techniques and discusses present and future applications of these techniques in the Earth and planetary sciences. Time-resolved spectroscopy opens new ways to limit or exploit luminescence effects, whereas techniques based on coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) or surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) allow the Raman signal to be considerably enhanced even down to very high spatial resolutions. In addition, compact portable Raman spectrometers are now routinely used out of the laboratory and are even integrated to two rovers going to Mars in the near future.

scholarly journals Studying the Construction of Floor Mosaics in the Roman Villa of Pisões (Portugal) Using Noninvasive Methods: High-Resolution 3D GPR and Photogrammetry

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 1882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bento Caldeira ◽  
Rui Jorge Oliveira ◽  
Teresa Teixidó ◽  
José Fernando Borges ◽  
Renato Henriques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Noninvasive Methods ◽  
Noninvasive Sensors ◽  
Roman Villa ◽  
3D Gpr ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Structural Levels ◽  
Very High

Over the past decade, high-resolution noninvasive sensors have been widely used in explorations of the first few meters underground at archaeological sites. However, remote sensing actions aimed at the study of structural elements that require a very high resolution are rare. In this study, layer characterization of the floor mosaic substrate of the Pisões Roman archaeological site was carried out. This work was performed with two noninvasive techniques: 3D ground penetrating radar (3D GPR) operating with a 1.6 GHz central frequency antenna, which is a very high-resolution geophysical method, and photogrammetry with imagery obtained by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), which is a very high-resolution optical method. The first method allows penetration up to 30–40 cm depth and 3D models can be obtained, and with the second method, very high detail surface images and digital surface models can be obtained. In this study, we analyze a combination of data from both sensors to study a portion of the floor mosaic of the Pisões Roman Villa (Beja, Portugal) to obtain evidence of the inner structure. In this context, we have detected the main structural levels of the Roman mosaic and some internal characteristics, such as etched guides, internal cracking, and detection of higher humidity areas. The methodology that we introduce in this work can be referenced for the documentation of ancient pavements and may be used prior to carrying out preservation activities. Additionally, we intend to show that a Roman mosaic, understood as an archaeological structure, does not consist of only beautiful superficial drawings defined by the tesserae, but these mosaics are much more complex elements that must be considered in their entirety for preservation.

Sky-Cover Correlation within a Sky Dome

1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 1037-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Willand ◽  
Julia Steeves
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Correlation ◽  
Cloud Cover ◽  
Correlation Structure ◽  
National Weather Service ◽  
Structural Pattern ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Spatial Correlation Structure ◽  
Sky Conditions ◽  
Very High ◽  
Weather Service

Abstract A new utility for the use of whole-sky photographs has been developed through an effort to discern the structural pattern of correlations of cloud cover within an observer's sky dome. The photographs were taken from the National Weather Service observing site at Columbia, Missouri, and were originally assembled for the purpose of estimating probabilities of cloud-free lines of sight from the earth through the atmosphere. The procedure for determining the spatial correlation structure of sky cover within the sky dome starts with the defining and tabulating of a dichotomous sky-cover condition over small sectors of the sky dome, and then calculating the correlation associated with the tabulated sky conditions in each sector. This note shows that correlation of sky-cover conditions over a sky dome are very high, and that they are less degrading in the winter than in the summer. The results of this study can be applied to the estimation of cloud-free lines of sight to multiple satellites.

Review Lecture: The dynamical properties and internal structures of the Earth, the Moon and the planets

1972 ◽  
Vol 328 (1574) ◽  
pp. 301-336 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Artificial Satellites ◽  
The Moon ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Theoretical Investigations ◽  
Dynamical Properties ◽  
Very High

The aim of this review is to bring together and relate recent progress in three subjects - the internal structure of the Earth, the behaviour of materials at very high pressures and the dynamical properties of the planets. Knowledge of the internal structure of the Earth has been advanced in recent years, particularly by observations of free oscillations of the whole Earth excited by the very largest earthquakes; as a consequence, it is clear that K. E. Bullen’s hypothesis that bulk modulus is a smooth function of pressure irrespective of composition is close to the truth for the Earth. Understanding of the behaviour of materials at very high pressure has increased as a result both of experiments on the propagation of shock waves and of theoretical investigations along a number of lines and it can now be seen that Bullen’s hypothesis is not true irrespective of chemical composition and crystal structure but that it happens to apply to the Earth because of particular circumstances. Studies of the orbits of artificial satellites and space probes have led to better knowledge of the dynamics of the Moon, Mars and Venus, and there have also been recent improvements in the traditional studies of Uranus and Neptune. Our knowledge of the dynamics of the planets is on the whole rather restricted, and Bullen’s hypothesis only applies directly to the Moon (for which the application is trivial) and possibly to Mars; the dynamical properties do none the less set fairly restrictive limits to the models that can be constructed for other planets. It would be possible for all planets to have cores of similar composition to the Earth ’s, surrounded by mantles of different sorts, silicates for the terrestrial planets and mostly hydrogen for Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.

Air pollution and health condition of inhabitants of big cities in Śląskie Voivodship

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 39-51
Author(s):  
Zofia Mielecka-Kubień ◽  
Andrzej Wójcik
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Industrial District ◽  
Big Cities ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High

Big cities in Śląskie Voivodship, especially those from the territory of the former Upper Silesian Industrial District, are characterised by a high level of industrialization, relatively high standard of living and very high level of environmental pollution. The aim of the study described in this paper is to assess the levels of selected types of air pollution in big cities in Śląskie Voivodship and to compare them against chosen reports on the health condition of the population of the voivodship in the years 2014–2016. The study was based on data from the Chief Inspectorate of Environmental Protection and Statistics Poland. The comparison of selected indicators of the health condition of the populations in the studied cities against their levels of air pollution demonstrated that in cities where air pollution reached the highest levels, the values of indicators of mortality were also the highest, whereas the values of indicators of life expectancy of newborn babies were the lowest. The worst situation regarding both the air pollution and health condition was observed in Chorzów, Dąbrowa Górnicza and Rybnik, and the best in Bielsko-Biała and Tychy.

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