An Outline of English Lexicology: Lexical Structure, Word Semantics, and Word-Formation

Language ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdenek Salzmann ◽  
Leonhard Lipka
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Lexical Structure

scholarly journals Onomastic heritage in diachrony: On the material of oikonyms in the Kyiv region

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-75
Author(s):  
Olha Karpenkо ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Local Dialect ◽  
Lexical Structure ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ethnic Movements ◽  
New Discovery

This article is devoted to the issues of historical oikonyms, whose general background is illustrated by etymological comments on specific examples from the oikonymicon of the Kyiv region. The etymology of an oikonym is not limited to the analysis of the etymon but also refers to the development of a particular word in general. Conceivably, reconstruction of the original oiko- nymicon is hardly possible, but a new discovery, even the attestation of a hitherto unknown renaming contributes to furthering our knowledge about the onomastic heritage. The article presents fragments of word-formation and etymological research relatable to the Kyiv region. The author reconstructs some Proto-Slavic forms, fills gaps in practically destroyed lexical nests, and looks in the lost appellatives and anthroponyms. Since the disappearance of words from the historical vocabulary is natural, the lexical basis of the onym, e.g., Berezan, Deremezna, Shkneva, largely remains almost the only evidence of plausible East Slavic features. The author uses the comparative-historical (etymological) method and the method of internal reconstruction. This is a reliable way not only to reconstruct the lost lexical structure of the language and local dialect rarities tending to enrich the lexicon but also to discover ethnic movements and migration processes of the population on both the right and left banks of the Dnieper River. Keywords: oikonym, etymology, word-forming model, anthroponym, appellative.

The effect of morphological structure on semantic transparency ratings

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shichang Wang ◽  
Chu-Ren Huang ◽  
Yao Yao ◽  
Angel Chan
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Instrumental Method ◽  
Semantic Transparency ◽  
Language Resources ◽  
Language Studies ◽  
Lexical Structure ◽  
Lexical Processes ◽  
Linguistic Phenomenon

Abstract Semantic transparency deals with the interface between lexical semantics and morphology. It is an important linguistic phenomenon in Chinese in the context of prediction of meanings of compounds from their constituents. Given prominence of compounding in Chinese morpho-lexical processes, to date there is no semantic transparency dataset available to support verifiable and replicable quantitative analysis of semantic transparency in Mandarin Chinese. In addition, the relation between semantic transparency and morphological structure has not been systematically examined. This paper reports a crowdsourcing-based experiment designed for the construction of a large semantic transparency dataset of Chinese compounds which includes semantic transparency ratings of both the compound and each constituent root of the compound. We also present an analysis of the effects of morphological structure on semantic transparency using the constructed dataset. Our study found that in a transparent modifier-head compound, the head tends to get greater semantic transparency rating than the modifier. Interestingly, no such effect is observed in coordinative compounds. This result suggests that compounds of different morphological structures are processed differently and that the concept of head plays an important role in the word-formation process of compounding. We advocate that crowdsourcing can be a highly instrumental method to collect linguistic judgments and to construct language resources in Chinese language studies. In addition, the proposed methodology of comparing constituent transparency and word transparency sheds light on the relation between morpho-lexical structure and cognitive processing of lexical meanings.

scholarly journals TENDENCIES OF NEOLOGIZATION OF THE MODERN GREEK LANGUAGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (10(78)) ◽  
pp. 133-136
Author(s):  
Olena Pichakhchy
Keyword(s):  
Modern Society ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Greek Language ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Lexical Aspect ◽  
Modern Greek ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Lexical Structure ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Greek System

The article is devoted to the study of current issues of neologization of Modern Greek language, the causes and areas of use of neologisms, trends in the development of neology and their impact on word formation in Modern Greek based on the material of leading Greek linguists. The focus of modern linguistic research on the study and analysis of modern trends in the evolution of Modern Greek in all its subsystems and elements is justified and emphasizes the urgency of this problem, which is due to constant changes in Modern Greek, which seeks to actively meet the challenges of modern society, therefore uses linguistic means to give names to new concepts or to outline new meanings of existing concepts. The study of patterns, problems and processes of rapid and productive development and, as a consequence, the renewal of the language, Modern Greek in particular, identified in the need to systematize and generalize the basic principles of enriching the lexical structure of Modern Greek with tools which, by meeting the needs of communication participants, help to overcome possible barriers in language. The essence of neology, its types, which determine the main directions of influence on the Modern Greek system, the scope of neologisms, which depends on extralinguistic factors determined by the latest trends in society, determine further prospects for studying the Modern Greek system exactly in the lexical aspect.

scholarly journals Language representation of visual perception in the verbal system of the Tatar language

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-94
Author(s):  
Firuza Ramzelovna Sibgaeva ◽  
Ruzilya Rashitovna Salakhova ◽  
Aigul Galimzhanovna Bozbayeva
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Verbal System ◽  
Language Representation ◽  
Lexical Structure ◽  
Lexical Composition

This article introduces the verbs, which define cognitive processes. Cognitive activity begins with sensation and perception; there are also visual, auditory and other perceptions. The object of this study is the verbs of visual perception and its representation in the verb system of the Tatar language. In the Tatar language, there function a number of verbs, verb expressions, phraseological units that reflect various nuances of visual perception. The relevance of the topic lies in the fact that the functional-semantic, structural-derivational features of the verbs of visual perception, which make up a significant part of the lexical structure of the Tatar language, have not been studied. The study of semantic and word-formation peculiarities contributes to the most complete and comprehensive analysis of the lexical composition of the Tatar language. The conclusions made during the study are important for the construction of interpretations of the verbs of vision, for the integral description of the grammar. Students and teachers of the Tatar language can use the material presented in the classroom. The article provides all the meanings and nuances of the verbs of visual perception, which especially increases the threshold of difficulty in adequate perception and learning process of this material in the course of teaching the Tatar language as a foreign language. The results can be applied to the development of linguodidactic manuals, dictionaries and reference books for effective teaching of the Tatar language.

scholarly journals Modern tendencies of development of norms of Ukrainian language

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Britsyn ◽  
Tetiana Sukalenko ◽  
Nataliia Ladyniak ◽  
Svitlana Kaleniuk ◽  
Viktoriya Zhelyazkova
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Genre Studies ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Colloquial Language ◽  
Communicative Strategies ◽  
Lexical Structure ◽  
Historical Retrospect ◽  
New Phenomena ◽  
Dangerous Condition

The article contains an overview of new trends in Ukrainian literary and colloquial language development in historical retrospect and dynamics. In particular, changes in the lexical structure of language, new phenomena in word formation, morphology and syntax, innovative shifts in styles, etc., in the context of communicative strategies and tactics, rhetorical, stylistic, and linguistic norms and techniques adopted in various spheres of communication are considered. The article is aimed at forming ideas and gaining knowledge in the field of the theory of the modern Ukrainian language in those sections that are distinguished by the greatest significance of the theoretical approach (grammar, syntax), as well as skills and abilities in those parts that require an applied application (culture of oral and written communication, stylistics, rhetoric, genre studies, the principles of spelling). With the dominant idea of the pluralism of norms and an orientation towards their non-rigid codification, there is also an idea of the loosening of the norms of the literary language, of the grave and even dangerous condition experienced by the modern Ukrainian literary language.

scholarly journals STRUCTURAL AND SEMANTIC FEATURES OF THE NEOLEXES ON THE DESIGNATION OF THE CULTURAL AND ARTISTIC SPHERE

2021 ◽  
pp. 149-168
Author(s):  
V. P. Oleksenko
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Semantic Group ◽  
New Words ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Lexical Structure ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Internet Forums

The article clarifies the meaning and features of word-formation development of new words and terms to denote the cultural and artistic field, which appeared in the modern Ukrainian literary language at the beginning of the XXI century and due to linguistic and extralinguistic factors are widely used. The object of research are words and terms of the cultural and artistic sphere, as they are best able to nominate concepts in special vocabulary, to reflect the diversity of the semantic spectrum of the conceptual sphere of «culture and art». The subject of research is lexical-semantic, structural-word-forming and spelling features of words and terms of cultural and artistic sphere in the Ukrainian language. Scientific novelty of the research. The classification of neolexes by semantic criterion is offered. The place of innovations in the lexical structure of the Ukrainian language is determined, the main stages of adaptation and structural and semantic features of words and terms to denote the cultural and artistic branch are characterized; the factors of creation of neolexes and their inclusion in the lexical-semantic system of the Ukrainian language, which supplement the corresponding lexical-semantic group with new tokens, are clarified; factors of word-forming activity of neolexes are revealed; It is proved that one of the reasons for the problem of qualification and spelling of neolexes with creative bases-Englishisms is the lack of mastery of innovations by the grammatical system of the Ukrainian language. The existing achievements of linguists in the field of studying innovative derivatives are analyzed, it is stated that the issue of the dynamics of the language system is always at the center of current linguistic research. Innovative words and terms of the cultural and artistic sphere of the beginning of the XXI century in the language of mass media, Internet forums and in dictionaries of neologisms of the modern Ukrainian language are revealed, globalization tendencies in their use are testified. The main thematic groups of neolexes for the designation of the cultural and artistic sphere are singled out, structural and semantic innovations and productivity of their use are determined. It is proved that one of the reasons for the problem of qualification and spelling of neolexes with creative bases-Englishisms is the lack of mastery of innovations by the grammatical system of the Ukrainian language.

Word-Formation in the World's Languages

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavol Stekauer ◽  
Salvador Valera ◽  
Livia Kortvelyessy
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation

His Lordship's -ship and the King of Golfdom. Against a purely functional analysis of suffixhood

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heike Baeskow
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Conceptual Knowledge ◽  
Semantic Information ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Distributed Morphology ◽  
Word Class ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Functional Elements ◽  
Grammatical Morphemes ◽  
Independent Model

For many decades there has been a consensus among linguists of various schools that derivational suffixes function not only to determine the word-class of the complex expressions they form, but also convey semantic information. The aspect of suffix-inherent meaning is ignored by representatives of a relatively new theoretical direction – Neo-Construction Grammar – who consider derivational suffixes to be either purely functional elements of the grammar or meaningless phonological realizations of abstract grammatical morphemes. The latter view is maintained by adherents of Distributed Morphology, who at the same time emphasize the importance of conceptual knowledge for derivational processes without attempting to define this aspect. The purpose of this study is first of all to provide support for the long-standing assumption that suffixes are inherently meaningful. The focus of interest is on the suffixes -ship, -dom and -hood. Data from Old English and Modern English (including neologisms) will show that these suffixes have developed rich arrays of meaning which cannot be structurally derived. Moreover, since conceptual knowledge is indeed an important factor for word-formation processes, a concrete, theory-independent model for the representation of the synchronically observable meaning components associated with -ship, -dom and -hood will be proposed.

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