Are All Seborrheic Keratoses Benign? Review of the Typical Lesion and Its Variants

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Noiles ◽  
Ronald Vender
Keyword(s):  
Large Cell ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Seborrheic Keratosis ◽  
Aged Patients ◽  
Internal Malignancy ◽  
Ovid Medline ◽  
Clinical Variants ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Typical Lesion ◽  
Seborrheic Keratoses

Background: Seborrheic keratosis (SK) is one of the more common benign epidermal neoplasms seen in adult and middle-aged patients. Objective: As little is written in the literature about the variants of SK, this article aims to categorize and discuss the different subtypes and their important associations. Methods: An in-depth literature search using OVID Medline and PubMed was conducted to classify the various subtypes of SK. Clinical variants were photographed and used to help document the subtypes. The pathology is described for each. Results: Six subtypes of SK were identified: dermatosis papulosa nigra, stucco keratosis, inverted follicular keratosis, large cell acanthoma, lichenoid keratosis, and flat seborrheic keratosis. Although the etiology and pathogenesis of SKs are still largely debatable, several underlying mechanisms and contributing factors have been identified. All subtypes represent benign lesions, and treatment is usually done for cosmetic reasons. Several of the subtypes may act as cutaneous markers for internal malignancy and should be monitored closely for any atypical changes. Conclusion: Although all subtypes of SK are benign, their association with other malignant lesions and ability to serve as cutaneous markers of internal malignancy emphasize the importance of correctly identifying all variants.

scholarly journals Leser-Trélat sign as a rare manifestation of cutaneous melanoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niccolò Gori ◽  
Ilaria Esposito ◽  
Laura Del Regno ◽  
Alessandra D'Amore ◽  
Ketty Peris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Paraneoplastic Syndrome ◽  
Seborrheic Keratosis ◽  
Internal Malignancy ◽  
Skin Cancers ◽  
Rare Manifestation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Early Diagnose ◽  
Seborrheic Keratoses

Leser-Trélat Sign (LTS) is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome characterized by the sudden eruption of multiple seborrheic keratoses in patients with internal malignancy, commonly localized in the gastrointestinal tract. We report an 80-year-old female patient showing a rapid increase in the number and size of seborrheic keratosis associated with the diagnosis of a cutaneous nodular melanoma (Breslow thickness: 4.5 mm) located on the right flank. After the excision of melanoma, subsequent staging procedures resulted negative, moreover no evidence of melanoma recurrence and no changes of the seborrheic keratoses was detected after a follow-up of 52 months. Although the association between melanoma and Leser Trelat sign is rare, an accurate skin examination with the aid of dermatoscopy searching for undiagnosed skin cancers, should be suggested in patient with sudden eruption of keratosis seborrheic to early diagnose and treat a possible melanoma.

scholarly journals Advances in the Etiology, Detection, and Clinical Management of Seborrheic Keratoses

Dermatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Mary D. Sun ◽  
Allan C. Halpern
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Treatment Standards ◽  
Oncogenic Mutations ◽  
Malignant State ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Seborrheic Keratoses

Seborrheic keratoses (SKs) are ubiquitous, generally benign skin tumors that exhibit high clinical variability. While age is a known risk factor, the precise roles of UV exposure and immune abnormalities are currently unclear. The underlying mechanisms of this benign disorder are paradoxically driven by oncogenic mutations and may have profound implications for our understanding of the malignant state. Advances in molecular pathogenesis suggest that inhibition of Akt and APP, as well as existing treatments for skin cancer, may have therapeutic potential in SK. Dermoscopic criteria have also become increasingly important to the accurate detection of SK, and other noninvasive diagnostic methods, such as reflectance confocal microscopy and optical coherence tomography, are rapidly developing. Given their ability to mimic malignant tumors, SK cases are often used to train artificial intelligence-based algorithms in the computerized detection of skin disease. These technologies are becoming increasingly accurate and have the potential to significantly augment clinical practice. Current treatment options for SK cause discomfort and can lead to adverse post-treatment effects, especially in skin of color. In light of the discontinuation of ESKATA in late 2019, promising alternatives, such as nitric-zinc and trichloroacetic acid topicals, should be further developed. There is also a need for larger, head-to-head trials of emerging laser therapies to ensure that future treatment standards address diverse patient needs.

scholarly journals Impact of nutrition on canine behaviour: current status and possible mechanisms

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bosch ◽  
B. Beerda ◽  
W. H. Hendriks ◽  
A. F. B. van der Poel ◽  
M. W. A. Verstegen
Keyword(s):  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Problem Behaviour ◽  
Animal Shelters ◽  
Self Mutilation ◽  
Feeding Motivation ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Each year, millions of dogs worldwide are abandoned by their owners, relinquished to animal shelters, and euthanised because of behaviour problems. Nutrition is rarely considered as one of the possible contributing factors of problem behaviour. This contribution presents an overview of current knowledge on the influence of nutrition on canine behaviour and explores the underlying mechanisms by which diet may affect behaviour in animals. Behaviour is regulated by neurotransmitters and hormones, and changes in the availability of their precursors may influence behaviour. Tryptophan, the precursor of serotonin, may affect the incidence of aggression, self-mutilation and stress resistance. The latter may also be influenced by dietary tyrosine, a precursor to catecholamines. As diet composition, nutrient availability and nutrient interactions affect the availability of these precursors in the brain, behaviour or stress resistance may be affected. PUFA, especially DHA, have an important role as structural constituents in brain development, and dietary supply ofn-3 andn-6 PUFA could modify aspects of the dopaminergic and serotonergic system and, consequently, cognitive performance and behaviour. Finally, persistent feeding motivation between meals can increase stereotyped behaviour and aggression and decrease resting time. This feeding motivation may be altered by dietary fibre content and source. At present, few studies have been conducted to evaluate the role of nutrition in canine (problem) behaviour through the above mentioned mechanisms. Studies that explore this relationship may help to improve the welfare of dogs and their owners.

Rapid changes in life-history characteristics of a long-lived temperate reef fish

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe E. Ziegler ◽  
Jeremy M. Lyle ◽  
Malcolm Haddon ◽  
Graeme P. Ewing
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Temperate Reef ◽  
Life History Characteristics ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Temperate Reef Fish ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Banded morwong, Cheilodactylus spectabilis, a long-lived sedentary temperate reef fish, has undergone rapid changes in its growth and maturity characteristics along the east coast of Tasmania, Australia. Over a period of 10 years, growth of young males and females has consistently accelerated, such that in 2005, 3-year-old fish were up to 40 mm or 13% longer compared with 1996, and age at 50% maturity for females had declined from 4 to 3 years. The magnitude and speed of the observed changes were unexpected given the species’ longevity (maximum age of over 95 years). The underlying mechanisms for the changes remain unclear but density-dependent responses to changes in population size and age composition, possibly mediated through reduced competition for shelter and intra-specific interactions, may have been contributing factors. Increasing sea surface temperatures over part of the period of change does not appear to have been a major driver and a genetic response to fishing seems unlikely. Notwithstanding any uncertainty, C. spectabilis populations have become more productive in recent years, challenging the general approach towards stock assessment where life-history characteristics are assumed to remain stable across contrasting levels of stock abundance and environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Topical Photo-Enhancer Assisted Intense Pulsed Light versus Methylene Blue Assisted Intense Pulsed Light for Treatment of Seborrheic Keratosis

QJM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G F Mohammed ◽  
K M A Alzawahry ◽  
M M Atef ◽  
I M Salahuldin
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Intense Pulsed Light ◽  
Pulsed Light ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Seborrheic Keratosis ◽  
Clinical Variants ◽  
Carbon Gel ◽  
Intense Light ◽  
Comparative Prospective Study

Abstract Background seborrheic keratosis is one of the most common benign epidermal tumors that affects both sexes equally, and usually arises in individuals older than 50 years. It presents as sharply demarcated, slightly raised brownish patches or plaques, usually on sun-exposed surfaces of the skin. The clinical presentation can be quite variable and includes clinical variants, such as stucco keratosis and dermatosis papulosa nigra. Aim of the Work to evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical carbon gel photo-enhancer assisted intense pulsed light versus methylene blue assisted intense pulsed light photodynamic therapy for treatment of Seborrheic Keratosis. Patients and Methods this is a comparative prospective study that included thirty patients of skin types III to V Fitzpatrick class having multiple Seborrheic Keratosis lesions with no sex or age predilection. They were randomly recruited from Dermatology out-patient clinic of Ain –Shams University Hospitals, during period from June 2017 till March 2018. The study was approved by Research Ethical Committee of Ain Shams University and fulfilled all the ethical aspects required for human research. Results this denoted that the methylene blue-mediated photodynamic therapy (MB-PDT) (liposomal-loaded methylene blue gel 10%).and topical carbon gel photo-enhancer assisted intense pulsed light). could be effective in treating patients with Sks. Our findings denote the efficacy of them in curing multiple Sk lesions. The efficacy of methylene blue-mediated photodynamic therapy (MB-PDT) (liposomal-loaded methylene blue gel 10%). Conclusion that Intense Light Pulse using liposomal-loaded MB and Topical carbon suspension-assisted IPL treatment could be a good option for patients with indistinct pigmented or thick melanogenesic lesions. Adverse reactions to this treatment were minimal and the results acceptable, though appropriate lesions need to be chosen care- fully.

Severe atypical neuropathy associated with administration of hematopoietic colony-stimulating factors and vincristine.

1996 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 935-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Weintraub ◽  
M A Adde ◽  
D J Venzon ◽  
A T Shad ◽  
I D Horak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cumulative Dose ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Motor Weakness ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factors ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Chemotherapy Protocol ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Independent Association

PURPOSE We have observed a severe atypical neuropathy (SAN) in patients with small non-cleaved-cell (SNCL) and large-cell lymphoma (LCL) treated with intensive chemotherapy and hematopoietic colony-stimulating factors (CSFs). The present analysis was undertaken in an attempt to identify factors associated with the development of this syndrome. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifty-four adult and pediatric patients consecutively treated according to the same chemotherapy protocol were included in the analysis. Low-risk patients received three cycles of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and high-dose methotrexate (CODOX-M) while in high-risk patients this drug combination was alternated with high-dose cytarabine (ara-C), etoposide, and ifosfamide (IVAC) for a total of four cycles. Twenty-eight patients received a CSF (granulocyte [G]- or granulocyte-macrophage [GM]-CSF), and 26 patients received no CSF. A statistical analysis, which included a logistic regression model, was undertaken to examine the importance of potential contributing factors to the development of SAN. RESULTS SAN, which consisted of excruciating foot pain, usually associated with marked motor weakness, was observed in 12 patients. There was a highly significant association between the occurrence of this syndrome and the administration of CSFs, and an independent association with the cumulative dose of vincristine given in the first cycle of chemotherapy. Furthermore, the analysis suggested a synergistic effect between administration of the CSFs and vincristine in the genesis of this neuropathy. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that CSFs can precipitate SAN when given in conjunction with vincristine. The development of SAN was associated most strongly with the cumulative dose of vincristine -- the size of individual doses and the number of doses given in cycle 1 were important to the extent that they influenced the cumulative dose.

scholarly journals Stigma in Multiple Sclerosis: The Important Role of Sense of Coherence and Its Relation to Quality of Life

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia Grothe ◽  
Matthias Grothe ◽  
Judith Wingert ◽  
Georg Schomerus ◽  
Sven Speerforck
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Sense Of Coherence ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Promising Target ◽  
Enacted Stigma ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Abstract Background Anticipated and experienced stigma constitute important issues for patients with multiple sclerosis receiving adequate healthcare. Stigma is likely to be associated with lower quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis, but the underlying mechanisms and contributing factors are unclear. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey among N = 101 patients with a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis in a German outpatient department. Patients completed questionnaires on enacted and self-stigma (SSCI-8), sense of coherence (SOC-L9) and quality of life (MusiQol). Age, sex, disease duration, disability or extent of limitations (EDSS), cognition (SDMT), depression (BDI-II) and fatigue (FSMC) were used as covariates in linear regression and mediation models. Results 57.3% of patients with MS reported having experienced stigmatization due to MS at least once. Fatigue (b = -0.199, p < 0.001), enacted stigmatization experience (b = -0.627, p = 0.010) and sense of coherence (b = 0.654, p < 0.001) were significant predictors for quality of life. The mediation analysis showed a partial mediation of the association between enacted stigma and quality of life by patients’ sense of coherence (direct effect: b = -1.042, t = -4.021, p < 0.001; indirect effect: b = -0.773, CI = -1.351—-0.339. The association of self-stigma with quality of life was fully mediated by sense of coherence (b = -1.579, CI = -2.954—-0.669). Conclusion Patients with multiple sclerosis are affected by stigma, which is associated with lower quality of life. Sense of coherence is a potentially important mediator of stigma and represents a promising target to refine existing stigma interventions and improve the quality of life in these patients.

scholarly journals H2O2 downregulate SIRT7`s protective role of endothelial premature dysfunction via microRNA-335-5p

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yixin Liu ◽  
Jinyu Yang ◽  
Xi Yang ◽  
Peng Lai ◽  
Yi Mou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

Endothelial senescence is believed to constitute the initial pathogenesis of the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). MicroRNA-335-5p (miR-335-5p) expression is significantly upregulated in oxidative stress-induced endothelial cells (ECs). Sirtuin7 (SIRT7) is considered to prevent EC senescence, yet data on its response to ASCVD risk factors are limited. This study analyzed the elevated levels of miR-335-5p and the decreased levels of SIRT7 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) , and found that high glucose, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and H2O2 are the three contributing factors that induced cellular senescence. The current study also assessed premature endothelial senescence and decreased proliferation, adhesion, migration, and nitric oxide secretion in HUVECs with these risk factors together with SIRT7-siRNA transfection. It found that the miR-335-5p inhibitor attenuated the downregulation of SIRT7 expression induced by oxidative stress in HUVECs, and SIRT7 overexpression exerts a rescue effect against miR-335-5p induced endothelial dysfunction. Furthermore, the direct binding of miR-335-5p to SIRT7 was observed in HEK-293T. Therefore, it can be inferred that miR-335-5p downregulates the expression of SIRT7 in human cells. Current findings may provide deeper insights into the underlying mechanisms of endothelial senescence and potential therapeutic targets of ASCVD as well as other age-related diseases.

Mitochondrial perturbation drives tau oligomers pathology in Alzheimer’s disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang DU ◽  
Qing Yu ◽  
Doris Chen ◽  
Shi Fang Yan ◽  
Shirley Yan
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Neuronal Cells ◽  
Neurofibrillary Tangle ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Tau Oligomers ◽  
Oligomer Formation ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Abstract Tau oligomers, prior to neurofibrillary tangle formation, are toxic species responsible for tau pathology, mitochondrial and synaptic damage, and memory impairment. The underlying mechanisms of abnormal tau accumulation and strategies to eliminate them remain largely unknown. The present study addresses whether mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) are major contributing factors for tau oligomer formation and, if so, whether eliminating mitochondrial ROS reduces accumulation of tau oligomers and improves mitochondrial and cognitive function in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). First, we determined whether increased oxidative stress correlates with aggregation of tau oligomers in human AD-affected brains, Aβ/tau overexpressed mouse models, human trans-mitochondrial “cybrid” (cytoplasmic hybrid) neuronal cells containing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD-derived mitochondria, and Aβ/tau expressing neuronal cells. In P301S tau and AD mice, upregulation of tau oligomers correlates with ROS accumulation. Elevated tau oligomer levels are also correlated with elevated ROS levels in the AD patient hippocampus. Importantly, human cybrid cells, whose mitochondria are derived from platelets of patients with sporadic AD or MCI, displayed aggregated tau oligomers, which also correlated with upregulated ROS levels. Application of mito-Tempo, a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, to inhibit the generation of mitochondrial and intracellular ROS in tau and AD neurons, as well as in MCI and AD cybrids ex vivo, leads to a striking decrease in tau oligomers. Finally, in AD mice, mito-Tempo inhibited tau oligomer accumulation and improved behavioral deficiency. Our work adds to the growing body of evidence that oxidative stress contributes to tau oligomer formation and that inhibition of oxidative stress ameliorates tauopathy in AD.

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