AIDS.Spread condition, onset mechanism, prophylaxis and treatment of HIV infection and present condition of HIV research.

1995 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-443
Author(s):  
HIDEKI NAKAJIMA
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Present Condition ◽  
Hiv Research

scholarly journals Epigenome-wide epidemiologic studies of human immunodeficiency virus infection, treatment, and disease progression

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Boghuma K. Titanji ◽  
Marta Gwinn ◽  
Vincent C. Marconi ◽  
Yan V. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Improve Patient Care ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Scientific Validity ◽  
Current State ◽  
Infection Treatment ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Research

AbstractDespite significant advances in the treatment and care of people with HIV (PWH), several challenges remain in our understanding of disease pathogenesis to improve patient care. HIV infection can modify the host epigenome and as such can impact disease progression, as well as the molecular processes driving non-AIDS comorbidities in PWH. Epigenetic epidemiologic studies including epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) offer a unique set of tools to expand our understanding of HIV disease and to identify novel strategies applicable to treatment and diagnosis in this patient population. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge from epigenetic epidemiologic studies of PWH, identify the main challenges of this approach, and highlight future directions for the field. Emerging epigenetic epidemiologic studies of PWH can expand our understanding of HIV infection and health outcomes, improve scientific validity through collaboration and replication, and increase the coverage of diverse populations affected by the global HIV pandemic. Through this review, we hope to highlight the potential of EWAS as a tool for HIV research and to engage more investigators to explore its application to important research questions.

CONTRIBUTION OF MATHEMATICAL MODELLING TO ELUCIDATION OF AIDS PATHOGENESIS

1993 ◽  
Vol 01 (04) ◽  
pp. 349-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
TOMÁŠ HRABA ◽  
JAROSLAV DOLEŽAL
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Mathematical Modelling ◽  
Immune Reaction ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Immunological Tolerance ◽  
Lymphocyte Depletion ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Hiv Research

Although HIV is cytopathogenic for CD4+ lymphocytes in vitro, the depletion of these cells in HIV-infected individuals seems to be caused by some other mechanism. It is probably a direct destructive or inhibitory effect of the viral products or an (auto)immune reaction elicited by them, eventually directed at them. Mathematical model of immunological tolerance was used for simulation of CD4+ lymphocyte depletion dynamics in HIV infection under the assumption that it is caused by HIV products. This model was not able to simulate the observed three-stage dynamics of CD4+ cell counts, i.e., drop of these counts around seroconversion, followed by a slow decrease over a prolonged period and an accelerated decrease before the development of AIDS. When an immune reaction limiting HIV reproduction was included in the model, all these three phases of CD4+ lymphocyte depletion could be simulated. In the paper, different modifications and extensions of the model are reviewed, compared with available clinical data, and their relevance for HIV research is discussed.

scholarly journals Unique Phenotypic Characteristics of Recently Transmitted HIV-1 Subtype C Envelope Glycoprotein gp120: Use of CXCR6 Coreceptor by Transmitted Founder Viruses

2018 ◽  
Vol 92 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manickam Ashokkumar ◽  
Shambhu G. Aralaguppe ◽  
Srikanth P. Tripathy ◽  
Luke Elizabeth Hanna ◽  
Ujjwal Neogi
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Subtype C ◽  
Chronic Stage ◽  
Human Host ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Successful Infection ◽  
Hiv Research ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Chimeric Viruses

ABSTRACT Adequate information on the precise molecular and biological composition of the viral strains that establish HIV infection in the human host will provide effective means of immunization against HIV infection. In an attempt to identify the transmitted founder (TF) virus and differentiate the biological properties and infectious potential of the TF virus from those of the population of the early transmitted viruses, 250 patient-derived gp120 envelope glycoproteins were cloned in pMN-K7-Luc-IRESs-NefΔgp120 to obtain chimeric viruses. Samples were obtained from eight infants who had recently become infected with HIV through mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) and two adults who acquired infection through the heterosexual route and were in the chronic stage of infection. Among the 250 clones tested, 65 chimeric viruses were infectious, and all belonged to HIV-1 subtype C. The 65 clones were analyzed for molecular features of the envelope, per-infectious-particle infectivity, coreceptor tropism, drug sensitivity, and sensitivity to broadly neutralizing antibodies. Based on genotypic and phenotypic analysis of the viral clones, we identified 10 TF viruses from the eight infants. The TF viruses were characterized by shorter V1V2 regions, a reduced number of potential N-linked glycosylation sites, and a higher infectivity titer compared to the virus variants from the adults in the chronic stage of infection. CXCR6 coreceptor usage, in addition to that of the CCR5 coreceptor, which was used by all 65 chimeric viruses, was identified in 13 viruses. The sensitivity of the TF variants to maraviroc and a standard panel of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (VRC01, PG09, PG16, and PGT121) was found to be much lower than that of the virus variants from the adults in the chronic stage of infection. IMPORTANCE Tremendous progress has been made during the last three and half decades of HIV research, but some significant gaps continue to exist. One of the frontier areas of HIV research which has not seen a breakthrough yet is vaccine research, which is because of the enormous genetic diversity of HIV-1 and the unique infectious fitness of the virus. Among the repertoire of viral variants, the virus that establishes successful infection (transmitted founder [TF] virus) has not been well characterized yet. An insight into the salient features of the TF virus would go a long way toward helping with the design of an effective vaccine against HIV. Here we studied the biological properties of recently transmitted viruses isolated from infants who acquired infection from the mother and have come up with unique characterizations for the TF virus that establishes infection in the human host.

scholarly journals THE 10th ANNIVERSARY OF THE JOURNAL «HIV INFECTION AND IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE DISORDERS»: WE DO IT OUR WAY

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
N. A. Belyakov ◽  
V. V. Rassokhin ◽  
M. R. Bobkova ◽  
S. F. Bagnenko ◽  
G. A. Sofronov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Postgraduate Education ◽  
Comorbid Conditions ◽  
10Th Anniversary ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Hiv Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
Regions Of Russia

The history of the journal «HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive States» from its launching in 2009 up to now is reviewed. The missions of the journal are to highlight the latest advances in HIV medicine, epidemiology, pharmacy and biology, to foster the interest of researches in Russia to these fields, to help young scientists in data processing and publishing, to expand the scope of HIV research to neighboring research fields, including comorbid conditions, to consolidated research conducted in different regions of Russia, to backup scientific forums, to publish monographs and manuals as supplements to the journal and thus to compile journal library, and to contribute to advanced postgraduate education. The list of monographs, bulletins, manuals and thematic paper compilations included in journal library is presented.

Bartlett's Medical Management of HIV Infection

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Bartlett ◽  
Robert R. Redfield ◽  
Paul A. Pham
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Nurse Practitioners ◽  
Medical Management ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Physician Assistants ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Research ◽  
Reference Format ◽  
Living With Hiv

With more than 30 million people living with HIV, nearly 2 million new HIV infections, and 1 million deaths in 2017 globally, the HIV epidemic continues to exert a considerable deleterious impact on the health of individuals, communities, and the economic growth of nations. However, remarkable advances have also been achieved: improvements in our scientific understanding of the biology of HIV, how it causes disease, and its prevention and treatment, coupled with unprecedented multi-sectoral global efforts, have resulted in rendering HIV infection essentially a manageable chronic disease. The 17th edition of Bartlett’s Medical Management of HIV Infection offers the best-available clinical guidance for treatment of patients with HIV, all in a portable, quick-reference format. Edited by preeminent and pioneering authorities in HIV research and clinical care, it has earned its status as the definitive work for physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, pharmacists, and anyone working in the care of persons with HIV.

scholarly journals ‘It all dials back to safety’: A qualitative study of social and economic vulnerabilities among transgender women participating in HIV research in the USA

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e029852
Author(s):  
Sari L Reisner ◽  
Aeysha Chaudhry ◽  
Erin Cooney ◽  
Henri Garrison-Desany ◽  
Elisa Juarez-Chavez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Research Participation ◽  
Transgender Women ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Hiv Research

ObjectivesTransgender women (TW) are highly burdened by HIV infection in the USA. Research is needed into drivers of the HIV epidemic for TW, including longitudinal studies to identify risks for incident HIV infection and optimal intervention targets. This formative research sought to understand TW’s experiences with, perceptions of and barriers and facilitators to HIV research participation to inform future research implementation.DesignBetween August 2017 and January 2018, five online synchronous computer-mediated focus groups were conducted in English and two in Spanish. Recruitment used a mixed format of technology, such as geotargeted social media, and non-technology infused methods, such as peer referrals. Maximum variation sampling was used to enrol participants across a wide range of characteristics. Qualitative codes were iteratively developed and applied to focus group discussion transcripts by independent analysts.SettingParticipants were recruited from Atlanta, Baltimore, Boston, Miami, New York City and Washington D.C.ParticipantsParticipants identified as TW≥18 years and resided in one of the six metropolitan areas or outlying regions. 33 participants elected to partake in English focus groups and eight participated in Spanish-led groups.ResultsThe geographically diverse sample had a mean age of 41.1 years (SD=13.6), and 34% identified as Black African American and 29% as Hispanic/Latina. Social and economic factors were found to shape HIV research participation for TW. Barriers to HIV research participation included limited research opportunities, mistrust, fear of mistreatment, safety and confidentiality, competing priorities and HIV stigma. Facilitators to HIV research participation were peer involvement and engagement, monetary and non-monetary incentives, flexibility and choices, multiple modalities and methods, and transcenteredness.ConclusionIt is critical to address the social and economic vulnerabilities surrounding HIV research participation for TW. Results from this study can inform the design and implementation of gender-affirming and culturally tailored approaches to HIV research with TW.

Pediatric Oral HIV Research in the Developing World

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Yengopal ◽  
A. Bhayat ◽  
M. Coogan
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Oral Lesions ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Hiv Research

This article is a review of the literature between 2003 (since the last workshop) and April 2009 (Beijing workshop). It focuses on the prevalence of oral lesions associated with HIV infection, oral lesions as predictors of HIV infection, oral lesions as markers of the efficacy of highly active antiretroviral treatment and quality of life, caries risk, the management of oral lesions, and epidemiologic tests for clinical significance of oral lesions.

Immune-Based Therapies for Treatment of HIV Infection

1996 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen C Piscitelli ◽  
James R Minor ◽  
M Wayne Saville ◽  
Richard T Davey
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Viral Replication ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Nucleoside Analogs ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Hiv Research

OBJECTIVE: To review the in vitro, animal, and clinical data on immune-based therapies for treatment of HIV infection. DATA SOURCES: An extensive MEDLINE search was performed for interleukins, interferons, immunotoxins, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-directed agents, vaccines, and gene therapy. STUDY SELECTION: In vitro experiments with immune-based agents in cell lines infected with HIV were included. In addition, all human studies and case reports that used these agents in patients infected with HIV were selected. Additional literature included abstracts from international meetings on HIV and AIDS. DATA EXTRACTION: Data regarding activity, efficacy, and toxicity were extracted from in vitro and in vivo studies. When conflicting data were observed, both viewpoints were stated to give an unbiased analysis. Because HIV research involves multiple social, ethical, and scientific issues, perspectives on these problems were addressed, where appropriate. DATA SYNTHESIS: Current antiretroviral therapy is limited to shortterm responses and has minimal effect on overall survival. Because the human immune response to HIV infection is effective at keeping the virus suppressed for a number of years, a focus of HIV research has been to examine immune-based therapies for treatment of HIV infection that attempt to augment, enhance, or boost the patient's immune system. Interleukins, interferons, immunotoxins, TNF-directed therapies, vaccines, and gene therapy have been studied in patients infected with HIV. Properties shared among these therapeutic modalities include adverse effect profiles, response rates dependent on baseline immunocompetence, the potential to activate viral replication, the need for supportive care, and sensitive laboratory tests required for monitoring. CONCLUSIONS: Immune-based agents represent a new approach to the treatment of HIV infection. Whereas antiretrovirals only inhibit viral replication, these agents are designed to enhance the immune system of the patient. Future attempts to manage HIV infection may combine standard nucleoside analogs with immune-based therapies.

scholarly journals A Cure for HIV Infection: “Not in My Lifetime” or “Just Around the Corner”?

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M. Lederman ◽  
Paula M. Cannon ◽  
Judith S. Currier ◽  
Carl H. June ◽  
Hans-Peter Kiem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Improve Quality ◽  
Combination Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Cure ◽  
Funding Agencies ◽  
Hiv Research

With the advent and stunning success of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) to prolong and improve quality of life for persons with HIV infection, HIV research has been afforded the opportunity to pivot towards studies aimed at finding “a cure.” The mere idea that cure of HIV might be possible has energized researchers and the community towards achieving this goal. Funding agencies, both governmental and private, have targeted HIV cure as a high priority; many in the field have responded to these initiatives and the cure research agenda is robust.In this “salon” two editors of Pathogens and Immunity, Michael Lederman and Daniel Douek ask whether curing HIV is a realistic, scalable objective. We start with an overview perspective and have asked a number of prominent HIV researchers to add to the discussion.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document