Assessment of Peroxide in Saliva During and After At-home Bleaching With 10% Carbamide and Hydrogen Peroxide Gels: A Clinical Crossover Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 368-376
Author(s):  
MC Mailart ◽  
PA Sakassegawa ◽  
CRG Torres ◽  
RM Palo ◽  
AB Borges
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Toxic Dose ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pearson Correlation Test ◽  
Mouth Rinsing ◽  
At Home

Clinical Relevance This study suggests that at-home bleaching systems are safe in relation to toxicity based on peroxide levels in saliva since the amount of peroxide potentially ingested is much lower than the estimated toxic dose. SUMMARY Objectives: This study evaluated the presence of peroxide in saliva using at-home bleaching systems containing hydrogen peroxide (HP) and carbamide peroxide (CP) with a prefilled tray (PT) or conventional tray (CT). Methods and Materials: Participants received bleaching treatments after the sequence randomization (n=10): PT-HP/OpalescenceGo10%; CT-HP/WhiteClass10%; and CT-CP/OpalescencePF10%. Saliva was collected at the following times: baseline; at 1, 5, 15, and 30 minutes after administration; and at 3, 5, and 8 minutes after the tray was removed. Colorimetric analysis using analytic spectrophotometry was performed. The salivary flow (SF) was monitored during use of trays. Data about peroxide concentration (PC) were submitted to repeated-measures analysis of variance and Tukey tests (5%), and toxic dose was calculated based on body weight. The relation between SF and PC was verified with the Pearson correlation test. Results: There was a significant difference for bleaching (p=0.0001) and time (p=0.0003) but not for interaction (p=0.3121). PC was lower for CT-CP in relation to PT-HP and CT-HP. After tray removal, expectoration, of the remaining gel, and mouth rinsing, no peroxide was detected in saliva. Correlation between SF and PC was considered weak (r=0.3379). The overall mean SF was 50.44% during tray use. In general, PC in saliva was 68.72% lower than the estimated toxic dose (0.26 mg/kg/day) considering all the bleaching systems. Conclusions: Higher peroxide levels were detected in saliva with 10% HP gels. Nevertheless, they were below estimated toxic dose and were considered safe in relation to toxicity.

scholarly journals Combined Bleaching Technique Using Low and High Hydrogen Peroxide In-Office Bleaching Gel

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 388-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Rezende ◽  
L Ferri ◽  
S Kossatz ◽  
AD Loguercio ◽  
A Reis
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Color Stability ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
High Hydrogen ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Shade Guide ◽  
At Home

SUMMARY Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, color stability, risk, and intensity of tooth sensitivity (TS) of combined bleaching techniques performed with 20% or 35% hydrogen peroxide for an in-office protocol. Methods: Thirty patients were randomly divided into two groups and submitted to a single 45-minute in-office bleaching session with 35% hydrogen peroxide or 20% hydrogen peroxide. At-home bleaching was performed with 10% carbamide peroxide for two hours daily over the course of two weeks. The color was evaluated with the value-oriented shade guide Vita Classical at different periods up to 12 months after bleaching. Patients recorded the intensity of TS using a five-point verbal scale. Color change data were submitted to a two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance and Tukey test (α=0.05). The absolute risk and intensity of TS were compared with the Fisher exact test and Mann-Whitney test, respectively (α=0.05). Results: On average, an effective and similar whitening of three units in shade guide was observed for both groups, which remained stable for 12 months. When both protocols were compared, the one with hydrogen peroxide 35% showed a higher risk (p=0.02) and intensity of TS (p=0.04). In regard to the TS intensity, no significant difference was observed up to 48 hours after in-office bleaching (p=0.09) and during the at-home bleaching phase of the study (p=0.71). Conclusion: The combined bleaching technique using at-home bleaching associated with in-office bleaching was effective and stable over the course of 12 months, regardless of the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide used for in-office bleaching. However, the protocol with 20% hydrogen peroxide produced lower risk and intensity of TS.

Dentate nucleus signal intensity changes on T1-weighted MRI after repeated administrations of linear and macrocyclic gadolinium-based contrast agents: a pediatric intraindividual case-control study

2021 ◽  
pp. 028418512110188
Author(s):  
Kerem Ozturk ◽  
David Nascene
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Signal Intensity ◽  
Dentate Nucleus ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Gadopentetate Dimeglumine ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Intensity Changes ◽  
Cerebellar Peduncle ◽  
Pediatric Brain

Background An association between consecutive administrations of macrocyclic gadolinium-based contrast agent (mcGBCA) gadobutrol and linear (L)-GBCA gadopentetate dimeglumine and gadolinium retention in the pediatric brain remains incompletely understood. Purpose To compare signal intensity (SI) changes in the dentate nucleus (DN) on unenhanced T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) in children who obtained mcGBCA gadobutrol with those who had previously received L-GBCA gadopentetate dimeglumine. Material and Methods This retrospective study included 27 children who received L-GBCA gadopentetate dimeglumine followed by mcGBCA gadobutrol and two different control groups matched for age and sex for both periods, each involving 27 individuals with no GBCA administration from January 2010 to January 2020. DN-to-middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP) SI ratios on T1WI were determined. A repeated-measures ANOVA was performed to compare the T1WI SI ratio between children exposed to GBCA in each of the two periods and controls. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to determine any correlation between SI ratios and confounding parameters. Results T1WI SI ratio was significantly higher in those who had only L-GBCA (1.005±0.087) or subsequent mcGBCA gadobutrol (1.002±0.104) than in control groups 1 (0.927±0.041; P<0.001) and 2 (0.930±0.041; P=0.002), respectively, but no significant difference of the T1WI SI ratio was noted between L-GBCA period and subsequent mcGBCA gadobutrol period ( P=0.917). T1WI SI ratios and the L-GBCA administration number revealed a modest but significant correlation (correlation coefficient=0.034; P=0.016). Conclusion Previous administration of gadopentetate dimeglumine is associated with increased T1WI SI in the DN, while subsequent administration of gadobutrol does not demonstrate any additional SI increase in the pediatric brain.

Music and mindfulness meditation: Comparing four music stimuli composed under similar principles

2020 ◽  
pp. 030573562096979
Author(s):  
Eugenia Hernandez-Ruiz ◽  
Abbey L Dvorak
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Mindfulness Meditation ◽  
New Music ◽  
Original Music ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Significant Preference ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference

Mindfulness meditation has frequently used sound and music as an important component. However, research on effective music stimuli is scarce. After a series of studies evaluating the most effective, useful, and preferred auditory stimuli, we were interested in exploring whether these effective musical features were transferred to new music. In this study, we evaluate our original music stimuli with three new stimuli composed under similar principles. Non-musician and musician participants ( N = 114) in a multisite study evaluated their mindfulness state after listening to four music stimuli, and rated their usefulness and preference. Results from a repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) at each site indicated no significant difference in mindfulness effectiveness. Friedman’s ANOVAs for the usefulness of the music stimuli showed similar non-significant results in both sites. A mixed model among sites did not show significant differences among groups. Preference rankings were not significantly different for non-musicians, but musicians did show a statistically significant preference of the Original stimuli over Stimulus 2, probably due to sound quality. These results indicate the feasibility of transferring previously researched and effective musical features to new stimuli. Identifying the effective “active ingredients” of music interventions may be one way of supporting evidence-based practice in music therapy.

23 THE EFFECT OF WITHDRAWAL TIMING OF CONTROLLED INTERNAL DRUG RELEASE (CIDR) ON EWE REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Swelum ◽  
A. Moumen ◽  
A. Alowaimer
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Withdrawal Time ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin

This study was carried out using 80 multiparous Awassi ewes during breeding season to compare the effects of controlled internal drug release (CIDR) withdrawal time on ewe fertility. Ewes were equally and randomly allotted into 4 groups (n = 20/group). Ewes had a CIDR inserted for 3, 6, 9, or 12 days with intramuscular administration of 300 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) at withdrawal time. Oestrus was detected using vasectomized ram starting 12 h after CIDR withdrawal and repeated every 12 h up to 84 h. Blood samples were collected from all groups at the time of CIDR withdrawal for measuring of oestradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) serum concentrations using commercial ELISA kits and micro-titrimetric plates. Timed insemination was performed 48 h post CIDR withdrawal in all groups. Pregnancy was diagnosed by ultrasonography at day 23 post-insemination and confirmed at day 35. Comparisons among groups were evaluated using Chi Square (χ2) test in all measured parameters except hormones levels, which analysed by repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), using SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). A difference was considered significant at P < 0.05 level. The results revealed that the retention, vaginal discharge and drawstring breakage rates after CIDR removal were insignificantly differed between all groups. On the other hand, pregnancy rate was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher in 9-d and 6-d groups (68.4 and 60%, respectively) than the 3-d group. While, no significant difference was detected between 12d group and other groups. The heat detection rate was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher in 12d group (100%) than 6-d and 3-d groups (80 and 45%, respectively). While, no significant difference was detected between 12-d and 9-d groups in heat detection rate. P4 was significantly higher in the 12-d group (13.4 ± 3.06 ng mL−1) than other groups. While E2 was significantly lower in the 12-d group (1.6 ± 0.06 pg mL−1) than other groups. These results indicated that withdrawal of CIDR devices after 9 days are efficient in synchronizing oestrus in ewes and provided higher pregnancy rate.

scholarly journals Clinical Validation of the Analysis of Fluconazole in Oral Fluid in Hospitalized Children

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 6742-6746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim C. M. van der Elst ◽  
Manouche van Alst ◽  
Marjolijn N. Lub-de Hooge ◽  
Kai van Hateren ◽  
Jos G. W. Kosterink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Pearson Correlation Test ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Paired Serum ◽  
At Home

ABSTRACTFluconazole is a first-line antifungal agent for the treatment and prophylaxis of invasive candidiasis in pediatric patients. Pediatric patients are at risk of suboptimal drug exposure, due to developmental changes in gastrointestinal and renal function, metabolic capacity, and volume of distribution. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) can therefore be useful to prevent underexposure of fluconazole in children and infants. Children, however, often fear needles and can have difficult vascular access. The purpose of this study was to develop and clinically validate a method of analysis to determine fluconazole in oral fluid in pediatric patients. Twenty-one paired serum and oral fluid samples were obtained from 19 patients and were analyzed using a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS-MS) method after cross-validation between serum and oral fluid. The results were within accepted ranges for accuracy and precision, and samples were stable at room temperature for at least 17 days. A Pearson correlation test for the fluconazole concentrations in serum and oral fluid showed a correlation coefficient of 0.960 (P< 0.01). The mean oral fluid-to-serum concentration ratio was 0.99 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88 to 1.10) with Bland-Altman analysis. In conclusion, an oral fluid method of analysis was successfully developed and clinically validated for fluconazole in pediatric patients and can be a noninvasive, painless alternative to perform TDM of fluconazole when blood sampling is not possible or desirable. When patients receive prolonged courses of antifungal treatment and use fluconazole at home, this method of analysis can extend the possibilities of TDM for patients at home.

Investigation of Eligible Picture Categories for Use as Environmental Cues in Dementia-Sensitive Environments

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 64-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Motzek ◽  
Kathrin Bueter ◽  
Gesine Marquardt
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Abbreviated Mental Test ◽  
Picture Content ◽  
State Examination

Objectives: Environmental cues, such as pictures, could be helpful in improving room-finding and wayfinding abilities among older patients. The aim of this study was to identify picture categories that are preferred and easily remembered by older patients and cognitively impaired patients and which therefore might be suitable for use as environmental cues in acute care settings. Methods: Twelve pictures were presented to a sample of older patients ( n = 37). The pictures represented different categories: familiarity (familiar vs. unfamiliar), type of shot (close-up vs. wide shot), and picture content (nature vs. animal vs. urban). We tested the patients’ votes of preference and abilities to identify and immediately recall pictures. Cognitively impaired patients ( n = 14) were assessed by the abbreviated mental test and the mini mental state examination and were compared with patients without cognitive impairments ( n = 23) using a repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: The results showed a main effect of familiarity on positive vote and recall of pictures. The absence of interaction effects of familiarity and group indicated an overall impact of familiarity on the sample. Within cognitively impaired patients, a significant difference in recall of picture content between urban (20%) and animal (9%) was found. Conclusions: Pictures, which patients were able to relate to in terms of familiarity and the characteristics urban and nature, seem to be suitable for use as environmental cues. Besides functioning as such, we assume, based on literature, that pictures could further enhance the ambiance or serve as prompts for communication and interaction.

scholarly journals In-school and Out-of-school Physical Activity in Preschool Children

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 606-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer R. O’Neill ◽  
Karin A. Pfeiffer ◽  
Marsha Dowda ◽  
Russell R. Pate
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Full Sample ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Children’S Physical Activity ◽  
Out Of School

Background:Little is known about the relationship between children’s physical activity (PA) in preschool (in-school) and outside of preschool (out-of-school). This study described this relationship.Methods:Participants were 341 children (4.6 ± 0.3 years) in 16 preschools. Accelerometers measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and total physical activity (TPA) in-school and out-of-school. In the full sample, Pearson correlation was used to describe associations between in-school and out-of-school PA. In addition, children were categorized as meeting or not meeting a PA guideline during school. MVPA and TPA were compared between the 2 groups and in-school and out-of-school using 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance.Results:In the full sample, in-school and out-of-school PA were positively correlated for MVPA (r = .13, P = .02) and TPA (r = .15, P = .01). Children who met the guideline in-school remained comparably active out-of-school. However, those who did not meet the guideline were more active out-of-school than in-school. The groups were active at comparable levels while out-of-school. Identical patterns were seen for MVPA and TPA.Conclusions:Children’s in-school PA was positively associated with out-of-school PA. Children who did not meet the guideline in-school were more active out-of-school than in-school, suggesting preschool and classroom factors may reduce some children’s PA in-school.

scholarly journals The Effect of Clinical Pilates on Functional Movement in Recreational Runners

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 776-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Laws ◽  
Sean Williams ◽  
Cassie Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Functional Movement Screen ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Functional Movement ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Movement Ability ◽  
Recreational Runners ◽  
Post Hoc

AbstractBiomechanical imbalances and inefficient functional movements are considered contributing factors to running-related injuries. Clinical Pilates uses a series of exercises focused on retraining normal movement patterns. This study investigated whether a 6-week course of Clinical Pilates improves functional movement and thereby, potentially, reduces the risk of running-related injuries associated with movement dysfunction. A modified functional movement screen was used to analyze the functional movement ability of forty runners. Forty participants completed a 6-week course of Clinical Pilates delivered by a Clinical Pilates instructor. The movement screen was carried out 3 times for each runner: 6 weeks pre-intervention (baseline), within one week pre-intervention (pre) and within one week post-intervention (post). Repeated-measures analysis of variance and post-hoc tests found significant increases in scores between baseline and post (mean±SD; 13.4±2.4 vs. 17.0±1.7, p<0.01) and pre and post (mean±SD; 13.5±2.5 vs. 17.0±1.7, p<0.01), but no significant difference between baseline and pre (p=0.3). A 6-week course of Clinical Pilates significantly improves functional movement in recreational runners, and this may lead to a reduction in the risk of running-related injuries.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Sleep Quality and Social Intimacy, and Academic Burn-Out in Students of Medical Sciences

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azizollah Arbabisarjou ◽  
Hashemi Seyed Mehdi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Sharif ◽  
Kobra Haji Alizadeh ◽  
Peyman Yarmohammadzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Academic Burnout ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Burn Out ◽  
Pearson Correlation Test ◽  
Social Intimacy ◽  
The Relationship

<p><strong>INTRODUCTION:</strong> Academic burnout leads to creation of a series of negative and scattered thoughts, loss of hope and emotional and physical exhaustion in carrying out activities. Two factors that affect academic burnout are sleep quality and social intimacy. This study was conducted in order to investigate the relationship between sleep quality and social intimacy, and academic burn-out in the students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences</p><p><strong>MATERIALS &amp; METHODS: </strong>This study was descriptive and correlational. The population of this study consisted of the students in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences and 196 medical students were selected. They completed Berso et al. Academic Burnout Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Miller Social Intimacy Scale (MSIS). The validity of the questionnaires confirmed by experts’ views. Their reliability were obtained as 77%, 64% and 85% for academic burnout, sleep quality and social intimacy questionnaires respectively by calculating the internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha). For data analysis, descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation test, Regression, cluster analysis and t-test were used.</p><p><strong>RESULTS:</strong> The results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between sleep quality and academic burnout at the level p&lt;0.05 (r=0.38). There was a negative and significant relationship between social intimacy and academic burnout at the level p&lt;0.05 (r= -0.40). Also, the regression results showed that sleep quality and social intimacy were able to predict 37% and 39% of academic burnout respectively. Moreover, the students were divided into two clusters of individuals with high social intimacy and individuals with low social intimacy. No significant difference was found between the two types in terms of the variable of academic burn-out.</p><p><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> Based on the research results, it can be stated that the variables of sleep quality and social intimacy are the predictor factors of academic burn-out.</p>

Effects of Different Heating Modalities on Hip Flexion Passive Range of Motion

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 27-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Hanson ◽  
James Day
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Main Outcome Measure ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Tissue Heating ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
Hot Pack

Context:Therapeutic modalities are routinely administered to increase fexibility, but the relative effects of different modes of tissue heating on passive range of motion (PROM) are unknown.Objective:To assess the relative effects of active exercise on a stationary bicycle, moist hot pack treatment, and warm whirlpool treatment on hip fexion PROM.Design:Repeated measures.Subjects:24 males and 20 females between the ages 18 and 24 years.Main Outcome MeasureHip fexion PROM measured by an inclinometer.Results:Repeated measures analysis of variance identified a significant difference among the heating methods, F(1, 43) = 32.41;p< .001. Active exercise produced the greatest change in hip fexion PROM.Conclusions:All three treatment methods produced an increase in hip fexion PROM, but active exercise produced a significantly greater increase than moist hot pack and warm whirlpool treatments.

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