scholarly journals THE IMAGE OF PERSIAN SIMURG IN THE OSSETIAN FOLKLORE

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
М. Шафаги ◽  
Д.В. Сокаева
Keyword(s):  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Fairy Tale ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Sacred Image ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Right ◽  
Popular Image

Статья посвящена рассмотрению влияния образа Симурга, известного по таким древним и средневековым персидским источникам, как Авеста и Шах-наме , на осетинский фольклор. Образ большой орлообразной птицы мог появиться в персидском и осетинском фольклоре из общей иранской основы и в дальнейшем приобрести различные характеристики. В персидском фольклоре и литературе рассматриваемый образ распался на два: священная орлоподобная птица и священная курица. В осетинском фольклоре встречаются образы орлицы, чье гнездо находится на вершине огромного дерева седьмого подземелья, и сакральной курицы (серебряной, курицы Солнца), прилетающей к молочному озеру. Анализ осетинских волшебных сказок показал наличие образа сакральной курицы, который коррелирует с популярным образом осетинской сказочной и несказочной прозы девушки-птицы. Орлоподобный Симург и Симург-курица персидского фольклора, сакральная курица и девушка-птица осетинского фольклора являются медиаторами трех сфер мифологического пространства по вертикали, как и сакральный образ мифолого-религиозных представлений осетин, покровитель мужчин и путников, Уастырджи. Предложены различные возможные версии замены девушки-птицы молочного озера сакральной курицей молочного озера рассмотрена ритуальная основа образа курицы и ее фигурирование в осетинской обрядности. Отмечены различные позиции исследователей в отношении момента появления образа Симурга в славянском языческом пантеоне, в частности версия перенесения указанного образа сармато-аланами из Ирана в Древнюю Русь, хотя есть предположение, что образ собако-птицы существовал в кобанской культуре Кавказа. Обозначена дискуссия по поводу происхождения мотива орла: евразийский миф или собственно ведийско-авестийский при сравнении данных осетинской, персидской и финно-угорской мифологии выяснено, что осетинский фольклор развивает, как и ведийская мифология, вариант орелзмей, а не орел-жаба. Посредством анализа персидской волшебной сказки выяснено, что образ Симурга фигурирует в ней в раздвоенном состоянии: Симург, подобный орлице из волшебной сказки осетинского народа, доносящий героя до нужного места Премудрый Симург, отвечающий на вопросы героя. The article is devoted to considering the influence of the image of Simurg, known from ancient and medieval sources, Avesta and Shahnameh , on Ossetian folklore. The image of a large eagle-like bird could have appeared in Persian and Ossetian folklore from a common Iranian basis, acquiring various characteristics with time. In the Persian folklore and literature the image in question has split into two: the sacred eagle-like bird and the sacred chicken. In the Ossetian folklore, there is also the image of an eagle, whose nest is on the top of a huge tree of the seventh dungeon, and a sacred chicken (silver, chicken of the Sun), flying to a milk lake. The analysis of the Ossetian fairy tales showed the presence of an image of a sacred chicken, which correlates with a bird girl, popular image of Ossetian fairy tales and fairy tale prose. The eagle-like Simurg and Simurg the chicken of Persian folklore, the sacred chicken and the bird girl of Ossetian folklore are the mediators of the three vertical spheres of the mythological space, as well as the sacred image of the mythological and religious representations of the Ossetians, the patron of men and travelers, Uastirdzhi. Various possible versions of replacing a girl-bird of a milk lake with a sacred chicken of a milk lake are proposed the ritual basis of the image of the chicken and its feature in the Ossetian ritual is considered. Various approaches of the researchers are noted in relation to the moment of the appearance of Simurg in the Slavic pagan pantheon, in particular, the version of the transmitting this image by the Sarmatians and Alans from Iran to Ancient Russia, although there is an assumption that the dog-bird image existed in the Koban culture of the Caucasus. The discussion on the origin of the eagle motif is indicated: the Eurasian myth or the Vedic-Avestan proper comparing the data of Ossetian, Persian and FinnoUgric mythology it was found that the Ossetian folklore develops, like Vedic mythology, a variant of an eagle-snake, and not an eagle-toad. By analyzing the Persian fairy tale, it was found that the image of Simurg appears in it in a forked state: Simurg, like an eagle from an Ossetian fairy tale conveying the hero to the right place Wise Simurg, answering the questions of the hero.

Using Fairy Tale In Enhanced Spelling Learning of First High School Student In The City Of Manado

2019 ◽  
Vol Volume 2 Nomor 2 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Fairy Tale ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Reading Material ◽  
Teacher Needs ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Word Writing ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

The problem with this research is that teachers in teaching students focus more on improving teaching methods. They are more interested in choosing learning strategies such as inquiry, STAD, jigsaw, learning cell, and so on that emphasize the application of learning steps. The teachers forget their role as facilitators and creators who always facilitate students with teaching materials / materials as a result of the creation of teachers that have an impact on learning outcomes that are less than optimal. To solve this, the teacher needs to prepare a reading "stock" that can teach spelling while attracting students' interest in learning. Therefore the right reading material given is a fairy tale because the fairy tale is close to the child. The purpose of this study is to describe spelling learning, especially word writing, the use of punctuation, the use of capital letters through learning fairy tales in SMP Negeri 1 Manado students. The specific target to be achieved is the Science and Technology-Social and Culture products, scientific publications and textbooks about fairy tales in Indonesian that can be used as a means to teach enhanced spelling to students of SMP Negeri 1 Manado. This research method is a method of action study or action research. Reflection on actions is part of this method. The data source of this research is VII grade students of SMP Negeri I Manado. The research location is the city of Manado. To collect data, the techniques used are tests, observations (using field notes and rating checklists), and interviews. The procedure of conducting research is planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting. The results showed that VII grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Manado could be categorized as capable of using spelling because the average grade of the class obtained was 88.74%. The ability of students to use spelling, especially capital letters at the beginning of a sentence and a dot at the end of a sentence can be categorized as very capable because the results achieved by students are 100%.

scholarly journals Using Fairy Tale In Enhanced Spelling Learning of First High School Student In The City Of Manado

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Monoarfa
Keyword(s):  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Fairy Tale ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Reading Material ◽  
Teacher Needs ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Word Writing ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

. The problem with this research is that teachers in teaching students focus more on improving teaching methods. They are more interested in choosing learning strategies such as inquiry, STAD, jigsaw, learning cell, and so on that emphasize the application of learning steps. The teachers forget their role as facilitators and creators who always facilitate students with teaching materials / materials as a result of the creation of teachers that have an impact on learning outcomes that are less than optimal. To solve this, the teacher needs to prepare a reading "stock" that can teach spelling while attracting students' interest in learning. Therefore the right reading material given is a fairy tale because the fairy tale is close to the child. The purpose of this study is to describe spelling learning, especially word writing, the use of punctuation, the use of capital letters through learning fairy tales in SMP Negeri 1 Manado students. The specific target to be achieved is the Science and Technology-Social and Culture products, scientific publications and textbooks about fairy tales in Indonesian that can be used as a means to teach enhanced spelling to students of SMP Negeri 1 Manado. This research method is a method of action study or action research. Reflection on actions is part of this method. The data source of this research is VII grade students of SMP Negeri I Manado. The research location is the city of Manado. To collect data, the techniques used are tests, observations (using field notes and rating checklists), and interviews. The procedure of conducting research is planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting. The results showed that VII grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Manado could be categorized as capable of using spelling because the average grade of the class obtained was 88.74%. The ability of students to use spelling, especially capital letters at the beginning of a sentence and a dot at the end of a sentence can be categorized as very capable because the results achieved by students are 100%. Keywords: use; fairy tales; spelling.

scholarly journals Distinctive features of horizontal and vertical symbols in fairy tales and specificity of their reproduction in translation

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Fairy Tale ◽  
World View ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Primitive People ◽  
The World ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Right

Orientation in space plays an essential role for a human being in the view of his / her life. Beginning from the ancient times, people explored space through horizontal and later vertical dimensions. This led to symbolization of objects that surrounded them. Complete reflection of symbols of space, in particular, horizontal and vertical symbols, is concisely traced in the fairy tale genre. Being one of the archaic forms of folklore, the fairy tale co-opted various elements of mythological beliefs of primitive people, their cognition and way of life, and later was supplemented by individual idiosyncratic elements of the world view. Symbols of both dimensions actualize primary (physical) and secondary meanings (which are also signified by evaluative, moral and ethical, as well as ecclesiastically religious meanings). The most frequently used vertical and horizontal symbols in the fairy tales are those actualized according to the “right” / “left” and “top” / “bottom” criteria. Despite relatively extended research in the field of fairy tale symbols, there are few studies which deal with the issue of conveying vertical and horizontal symbols into the target language. The aim of the article is to highlight the ways of rendering vertical and horizontal symbols taken from English and Ukrainian fairy tales, and to assess adequacy of their reproduction in the target language. According to the results of the research, it can be concluded that due to its universal character, the symbols of vertical and horizontal space are easily rendered into the receiving cultures. However, adequate reproduction of vertical and horizontal symbols requires identification of their role in a certain fairy tale text, and, consequently, the importance of their rendering into the target language.

scholarly journals Mythopoetics of the space-time continuum in Sergei Kozlov’s tales of the Hedgehog and the Bear

Neophilology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 512-521
Author(s):  
Marina Y. Elepova ◽  
Natalia G. Kabanova
Keyword(s):  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Fairy Tale ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Real Space ◽  
Space Time ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Constant Change ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Time Continuum ◽  
Adult Reader

The original tales of Sergei Kozlov about the Hedgehog and the Bear are full of deep philosophical content, which finds expression in intertextual allusions, the transformation of my-thological images and formulas. A special place in the author’s discourse is occupied by the space-time continuum, which can be defined as a continuous set of categories that embody the topologi-cal explication of the fairy world through mythopoetic imagery, religious subtext, and multiple al-lusions. Temporality as a text category becomes the axis of artistic time, imparting signs of per-ception to the entire space-time continuum of the work. The temporality of the fairytale cycle is determined by the switch from everyday specifics to the scale of an unlimited universe. The stopped time effect occurs at the moment of such switch. Out of time, the characters find them-selves in the element of fantasy overwhelming them. The space has the features of impressionism, every moment in the life of fairytale heroes reveals a new look of the vernal world. The heavenly bodies in the spirit of the ancient fairy-tale epic are close to the earth and reified. Astral categories in the images of the moon, stars, sky reveal a connection with outer space. Anthropomorphic cha-racters inhabiting the magical space of the forest, while retaining their archetypal features, acquire special properties in fairy tales that go far beyond the framework of folklore stereotypes. This is imagination and fantasy that have no boundaries, the ability to contemplate the beautiful, the as-cent of thought to eternal philosophical problems. The Hedgehog, as the protagonist and the bearer of these qualities, often evaluates finiteness – the infinity of time, its cyclical nature, the constant change of death and birth. He, like other characters, overcomes real space and time with the help of imagination. The poetics of myth, archetypal imagery, artistic components of magical-fantastic tales, transformed in the author’s discourse of Sergei Kozlov, allow the writer to penetrate the innermost world of the child’s soul through the space-time continuum and present the most important ontological and epistemological problems of human existence and divine providence in the world to the adult reader.

scholarly journals On the empirical laws of the tides in the port of London, with some reflections on the theory

1837 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 256-258
Keyword(s):  
High Water ◽  
Angular Distance ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Empirical Methods ◽  
Constant Quantity ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
The Right ◽  
Direct Results ◽  
Right Ascension

The present state of our knowledge of the tides is represented by the author as extremely imperfect, and at variance with the scientific character which Physical Astronomy is supposed to have attained; for although it be the universally received opinion that they are the direct results of the law of gravitation, the exact laws by which the phenomena are actually regulated with regard to time and place have never been strictly deduced from this general principle. The tide tables that have been given to the world are calculated by empirical methods, which are frequently kept secret by those who employ them; and the mathematical solutions of the problem hitherto attempted have been confessedly founded on hypotheses which are in reality very remote from the real facts; and accordingly it is doubtful whether they give even an approximation to the true result. The comparison of the results of theory with extensive series of observations had not been attempted previously to Mr. Lubbock’s discussion of the tides of the port of London, recorded in the Philosophical Transactions for 1831. The establishment, on theoretical grounds, of rules for the calculation of tide tables, has been attempted by Bernoulli and by Laplace: the methods recommended by the former are probably the foundation of those at present used by the calculators of such tables, that of Laplace being complicated, and too laborious for practice. Original tide tables are very few; none, with which the author is acquainted, deserving that title, except those which are published for Liverpool, and those for London. The former, which are calculated according to rules obtained from Mr. Holden, from the examination of five years of observations, made at the Liverpool docks by Mr. Hutchinson, at that time harbour-master, are remarkably correct. Several tide tables for London are annually published; but they vary considerably from one another. The method generally practised in England for the construction of tide tables for other places, has been to add or subtract some constant quantity, according to the place, assuming as a basis the tide tables either of London or of Liverpool; but this assumption of a constant difference is shown by the author to be, in various instances, incorrect. Much, therefore, remains to be done, before we can hope to arrive at a scientific solution of this problem. The author then proceeds to examine the empirical laws of the tides of the port of London, deducible from the records of the nineteen years of observations which have been discussed by Mr. Dessiou, under the direction of Mr. Lubbock, and which include 13,073 observations. His first object is to determine the manner in which the time of high-water is affected by the following conditions, namely, the right ascensions, declinations and parallaxes of the sun and moon; for which purpose he considers at some length, first, the establishment; secondly, the semimenstrual inequality; thirdly, the corrections for lunar parallax; fourthly, the lunar declination; and lastly, the solar parallax and declination. He next discusses the empirical laws of the height of high-water; which he observes will be affected in the same manner as the periods of the tides, by a semimenstrual inequality, by corrections for lunar parallax and declination, and by a solar correction; and concludes by giving a formula for computation which comprehends all these elements. He then enters into a comparison of the results thus obtained with the theory of Daniel Bernoulli, according to which the waters of the ocean assume nearly the form in which they would be in equilibrium under the actions of the sun and moon, on the supposition that the pole of the fluid spheroid follows the pole of the spheroid of equilibrium at a certain angular distance; and that the equilibrium corresponds to the configuration of the sun and moon, not at the moment of the tide, but at a previous moment, at which the right ascension of the moon was less by a constant quantity. The author thinks, however, that it would not be safe to attempt to deduce from the preceding investigations any general views concerning the laws of the tides, for it is not likely that the discussion of observations at any one place should exhibit clearly the true principles of the theory, especially as, in the present case, it so happens that the phenomena of the tides at London are in some measure masked by a curious combination of circumstances, namely, by the mouth of its river being on the side of an island, turned away from that on which the tide comes, and so situated that the path of the tide round one end of the island is just twelve hours longer than round the other.

scholarly journals On the Іssue of Beauty Perception in Onthogenesis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shylova Galina Petrоvna
Keyword(s):  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Fairy Tale ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Early Ontogenesis ◽  
Gifted Children ◽  
Image Management ◽  
Internal Logic ◽  
Artistically Gifted ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Individual

Developmental specifics of beauty sense in ontogenesis are analyzed in the article. It is demonstrated that mature formation of beauty sense and aesthetic activity relates to early adolescence. Ability to individual aspects of aesthetic activity can be noted on earlier stages of ontogenesis (A.V. Zaporozhets, Z.N. Novlianskaja, N.V. Papucha and others). However attitude to beauty is not realized clearly at the moment. Aesthetic activity in the strictly proper sense of the term can be analyzed when image dynamics shifts from encompassing involuntary changes of ideal images to free image management as well as realization of both freedom and contemplation in order to transform it according to “beauty principles”. Aesthetics exists exceptionally in the individual form of development. Therefore mature forms of aesthetic activity (perception or creation of aesthetic products) can be manifested at earlier ontogeny stages, for example, among artistically gifted children. It is demonstrated that behavioral acts of perception of an artistic work, while being visually similar, are phenomena of different psychological nature for different age groups (for example, infants, preschoolers, younger school children, teenagers). Features of fairy-tales and lullabies perception in early ontogenesis are analysed. Perception of fairy-tales in early ontogenesis originally emerges as external, unfolded activity and supposes participation in events which are directly perceived and experienced. Further on this basis similar activity acquires internal nature of assistance, empathy to fairy-tale characters and becomes true in the domain of imagination (A.V. Zaporozhets). Providing help to a fairy-tale character, a child places him/herself into the situation and further operates within its internal logic.

scholarly journals Fairy Tale “Stones of Mteulety” by A. Remizov and The Image of Mountain Spirit-Giant

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-103
Author(s):  
H. A. Sahakyan
Keyword(s):  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Fairy Tale ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
The World ◽  
Final Scene ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Other World ◽  
Animal World

The fairy-tale “Stones of Mteulety” by A. Remizov is an author’s fairy tale created on the basis of a folklore plot recorded in the Caucasus in the in 1915, and was first published in 1916 in the magazine “Ogonek” (“Spark”). A. Remizov related this fairy-tale to Georgian fairy- tales. Despite the noticeable influence of literary legends, A. Remizov retained the folkloric basis that reveals the ideas of the primitive man about the process of the soul’s transition “to that world”, to “the other world”. The image of a crystal mountain is often found in Russian fairy tales. The mountain is inhabited by a snake, whose name “Gorinich” (means “son of the Mountain”). The entrance to the “other kingdom”, which continually opens for several minutes, is in this mountain. In the tale “Stones of Mteulety” by A. Remizov the mountain-spirit acts as the master of the mountain. It is this mountain spirit that controls the rockfall and shuts the door between the kingdoms. Both the motif of matchmaking and the motif of death, as the kidnapping of the soul, can be revealed in an abduction. The motifs of abduction are disclosed both in world folklore and in the religious beliefs of different peoples. In early folkloric texts, the function of abduction is assigned to representatives of the animal world, chthonic and supernatural beings, which do not have a human appearance, and still preserve the nature of the animal-glutton. When analyzing the motif of abduction, the characters of the “hero snake-fighters” Artavazd and Amirani from Armenian and Georgian mythology, chained in the mountain caves, were also analyzed. It is established that the functions of the Snake are typical of the characters of Armenian and Georgian mythology, of vishaps and devs, in particular, whose appearance and multi-headedness also draws obvious parallels with the Snake. The analysis of the Snake-eater and its appearance leads to the notions of the Snake-abductor and of death as abduction. When analyzing the topic of the rockfall in the mountains in Remizov’s author fairy-tale, one reveals the features of a love abduction, which is one of the types of death in folklore and mythology. In the final scene of A. Remizov’s fairy-tale “Stones of Mteulety”, the mountain spirit-giant, who fell in love with the shepherdess Nina, kills her in order to connect with her in the world of the dead. Thus the features of the motif of the abducted beauty are revealed in A. Remizov’s author fairy-tale “Stones of Mteulety” and this motif genetically goes back to the most ancient notions of death.

The Alluring Nature of Children's Culture: Fairy Tales, the Carnival and the World Wide Web

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-184
Author(s):  
Željka Flegar
Keyword(s):  
Children's Literature ◽  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Fairy Tale ◽  
Mikhail Bakhtin ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
Social Construct ◽  
Time Out ◽  
The Social ◽  
Children's Culture ◽  
Language And Ideology

This article discusses the implied ‘vulgarity’ and playfulness of children's literature within the broader concept of the carnivalesque as defined by Mikhail Bakhtin in Rabelais and His World (1965) and further contextualised by John Stephens in Language and Ideology in Children's Fiction (1992). Carnivalesque adaptations of fairy tales are examined by situating them within Cristina Bacchilega's contemporary construct of the ‘fairy-tale web’, focusing on the arenas of parody and intertextuality for the purpose of detecting crucial changes in children's culture in relation to the social construct and ideology of adulthood from the Golden Age of children's literature onward. The analysis is primarily concerned with Roald Dahl's Revolting Rhymes (1982) and J. K. Rowling's The Tales of Beedle the Bard (2007/2008) as representative examples of the historically conditioned empowerment of the child consumer. Marked by ambivalent laughter, mockery and the degradation of ‘high culture’, the interrogative, subversive and ‘time out’ nature of the carnivalesque adaptations of fairy tales reveals the striking allure of contemporary children's culture, which not only accommodates children's needs and preferences, but also is evidently desirable to everybody.

Grimm Legacies

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Zipes
Keyword(s):  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Fairy Tale ◽  
Folk Tales ◽  
Brothers Grimm ◽  
Folk Tale ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Standards ◽  
Wilhelm Grimm

This book explores the legacy of the Brothers Grimm in Europe and North America, from the nineteenth century to the present. The book reveals how the Grimms came to play a pivotal and unusual role in the evolution of Western folklore and in the history of the most significant cultural genre in the world—the fairy tale. Folklorists Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm sought to discover and preserve a rich abundance of stories emanating from an oral tradition, and encouraged friends, colleagues, and strangers to gather and share these tales. As a result, hundreds of thousands of wonderful folk and fairy tales poured into books throughout Europe and have kept coming. The book looks at the transformation of the Grimms' tales into children's literature, the Americanization of the tales, the “Grimm” aspects of contemporary tales, and the tales' utopian impulses. It shows that the Grimms were not the first scholars to turn their attention to folk tales, but were vital in expanding readership and setting the high standards for folk-tale collecting that continue through the current era. The book concludes with a look at contemporary adaptations of the tales and raises questions about authenticity, target audience, and consumerism. The book examines the lasting universal influence of two brothers and their collected tales on today's storytelling world.

Would you Make the Right Decision? – Decision Making Biases in Economy - Related Dilemmas

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Gödör ◽  
Georgina Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Framing Effect ◽  
Economic Knowledge ◽  
Bank Account ◽  
Financial Decisions ◽  
Hungarian Population ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Right ◽  
Decision Making Biases

Abstract As they say, money can’t buy happiness. However, the lack of it can make people’s lives much harder. From the moment we open our first bank account, we have to make lots of financial decisions in our life. Should I save some money or should I spend it? Is it a good idea to ask for a loan? How to invest my money? When we make such decisions, unfortunately we sometimes make mistakes, too. In this study, we selected seven common decision making biases - anchoring and adjustment, overconfidence, high optimism, the law of small numbers, framing effect, disposition effect and gambler’s fallacy – and tested them on the Hungarian population via an online survey. In the focus of our study was the question whether the presence of economic knowledge helps people make better decisions? The decision making biases found in literature mostly appeared in the sample as well. It proves that people do apply them when making decisions and in certain cases this could result in serious and costly errors. That’s why it would be absolutely important for people to learn about them, thus increasing their awareness and attention when making decisions. Furthermore, in our research we did find some connection between decisions and the knowledge of economics, people with some knowledge of economics opted for the better solution in bigger proportion

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