scholarly journals On the Іssue of Beauty Perception in Onthogenesis

Author(s):  
Shylova Galina Petrоvna

Developmental specifics of beauty sense in ontogenesis are analyzed in the article. It is demonstrated that mature formation of beauty sense and aesthetic activity relates to early adolescence. Ability to individual aspects of aesthetic activity can be noted on earlier stages of ontogenesis (A.V. Zaporozhets, Z.N. Novlianskaja, N.V. Papucha and others). However attitude to beauty is not realized clearly at the moment. Aesthetic activity in the strictly proper sense of the term can be analyzed when image dynamics shifts from encompassing involuntary changes of ideal images to free image management as well as realization of both freedom and contemplation in order to transform it according to “beauty principles”. Aesthetics exists exceptionally in the individual form of development. Therefore mature forms of aesthetic activity (perception or creation of aesthetic products) can be manifested at earlier ontogeny stages, for example, among artistically gifted children. It is demonstrated that behavioral acts of perception of an artistic work, while being visually similar, are phenomena of different psychological nature for different age groups (for example, infants, preschoolers, younger school children, teenagers). Features of fairy-tales and lullabies perception in early ontogenesis are analysed. Perception of fairy-tales in early ontogenesis originally emerges as external, unfolded activity and supposes participation in events which are directly perceived and experienced. Further on this basis similar activity acquires internal nature of assistance, empathy to fairy-tale characters and becomes true in the domain of imagination (A.V. Zaporozhets). Providing help to a fairy-tale character, a child places him/herself into the situation and further operates within its internal logic.

2020 ◽  
pp. 100-104
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Yatchenko, Oksana Oliinyk Volodymyr Yatchenko, Oksana Oliinyk ◽  
Volodymyr Yatchenko, Oksana Oliinyk Volodymyr Yatchenko, Oksana Oliinyk

The article analyzes the existential problems of life, death and immortality in Ukrainian folklore (based on Ukrainian fairy tales). In the corpus of Ukrainian folk tales there are widely used topics, which in European philosophy and literature are called "tragic foundations of human existence" - awareness of the inevitability of death in the earthly existence of man, the search for forms of individual immortality. In Ukrainian fairy tales there is a dual attitude of the individual to the inevitability of his own death. On the one hand, there is the motive of reconciliation with the fate of human destiny, and in order to relieve the painful feeling of one's own finitude, the instruction on the higher meaning of the existence of death is forced. Death is justified because it appears as the prevention of the absurdity of infinite human existence or as an obstacle to the debauchery of the whims and dangerous wishes of the individual, or ultimately as the punishment of people for violating the commandments of the Supreme Spiritual Creature. In other words, death appears in a number of fairy tales as the expression of the highest world justice. At the same time, death mostly appears in fairy tales as an objectified pagan idea of Death as a concrete living creature with its whims, sympathies and weaknesses. The problem of finding ways to achieve immortality is traced in Ukrainian fairy tales in two ways. Most often, this search unfolds in the plane of the victory of the hero of the fairy tale over death, or through the imprisonment of death, or through the marriage of the hero to a divine being. This is a very common motive in the tales around the world. Less common is the motive of achieving immortality through the moral self-improvement of the hero, his compliance to the moral commandments of God. This is already a reflection in fairy tales of the influence of Christianity on the spiritual world of the ancestors of modern Ukrainians.


Neophilology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 235-249
Author(s):  
Anatoliy L. Sharandin ◽  
Yixin Li

The analysis of the problem of the relationship among folk, authors’ folk and authors’ literary tales with linguistic consciousness types is presented. The analysis results indicate that the texts of fairy tales are linguistic representatives of creative (artistic) consciousness and correlate with types of concepts. Folk tales reflect the creative potential of everyday consciousness and represent the folklore concept. Authors’ folk tales are interpretative tales that reflect the syncretic (collective and individual, folk and author’s) consciousness and implement the folklore and literary concept. The literary fairy tale itself is a textual representative of its author’s individual artistic consciousness and the reached artistic concept. It is important to take the form of fairy tales’ household into account – oral (folk tales) and written (author’s literary tales), their relationship with the subject (storyteller or author) and focus on the object (listener or reader). This determines the variability and non-variability of fairy tales. Types of linguistic consciousness are associated with the language: in folklore tales, folk language that is not processed by masters is used, in author’s tales, literary language that implements an individually authors’ system of language means is used. In folk tales, traditional folk poetry is presented, in author’s tales – traditionally artistic and artistic poetics. The individual style of folk tales is traditional for folklore and the individual style of literary tales is individually authors’.


Author(s):  
Надежда Степановна Коровина

В данной статье предпринята попытка на основе конкретного сказочного сюжета о Безручке (СУС 706) исследовать особенности взаимодействия фольклорных произведений народов, не родственных этнически, но тесно общаюшихся на протяжении длительного времени и имеющих близкие культурные традиции. При рассмотрении данного вопроса использовалась методика сравнительного анализа, позволяющая установить, каким образом международный сказочный сюжет становится культурным достоянием народа коми, т. е. прояснить историю национального сказочного репертуара. В процессе анализа коми сказок о Безручке выявлено сходство с русскими вариантами в области содержания, в типах героев и способах их создания, развитии действия и последовательности эпизодов. В результате автор приходит к выводу о том, что сюжет о Безручке (СУС 706) заимствован у русских. Одновременно в статье отмечен тот факт, что рассмотренные варианты коми сказок имеют свою специфику и не создают впечатления однообразия. Это происходит за счет того, что постоянные элементы, представляющие композиционный стержень сюжета, во-первых, обрастают своеобразными деталями, которые придают повествованию национальный колорит. Именно в них отражается быт, привычки, обычаи народа коми. Во-вторых, своеобразие каждого варианта во многом зависят от индивидуального стиля, степени исполнительского мастерства, творческой манеры, отношения к данному сюжету того или другого исполнителя. В-третьих, именно в отдельных его вариантах сказываются социальные, временные различия, в совокупности своей отражающие исторические изменения сказки In this article an attempt is made on the basis of a specific fairy-tale story about «The Maiden without Hand» (CIP 706) to explore the features of the interaction of folk works of peoples who are not related ethnically, but who closely communicated for a long time and have close cultural traditions. When regarding this issue, we consider it appropriate to use the methodology of comparative analysis, since it is the comparative study of Russian and Komi variants of the fairy-tale plot that allows us to establish how the international fairy-tale plot becomes the cultural heritage of the Komi people, to clarify the history of the national fairy-tale repertoire. In all analyzed Komi tales about the Maiden without hand there is a similarity with the Russian variants in the development of the action, the sequence of episodes, the type of characters, their characteristics, the common ideological content. The structural and typological analysis allows us to conclude that the plot about «The Maiden without hand» (CIP 706) was borrowed from the Russians. However, the considered variants of Komi fairy tales do not create the impression of monotony because the constant elements that represent the compositional core, firstly, acquire peculiar details that give the narrative a national flavor. They reflect the life, habits and customs of the Komi people. Secondly, the originality of each option depends largely on the individual style, the degree of performing skills, creative manner, attitude to the story of a particular artist. Thirdly, it is in its individual options where the impact of class, time differences manifest themselves reflecting the historical changes of the tale.


2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-64
Author(s):  
I.V. Vachkov ◽  
M.A. Odintsova ◽  
O.A. Tristan

The article presents the results of the study of the specifics of spiritual crisis experience and attitudes to Self in persons with spinal injury (N=65) and conventionally healthy respondents (N=63). The characteristics of spiritual crisis most typical of people with spinal injury were: dissatisfaction and loneliness attributed to the past, present, and future; and suffering attributed to the past. The categories of dissatisfaction, loneliness, and suffering were heterogeneous, as reflected in texts produced by people with spinal injuries and healthy people of different sex and age. Groups distinguished by time elapsed since injury did not differ on quantitative signs of spiritual crises but differed qualitatively in their experiences of dissatisfaction, loneliness, and suffering. People who had lived with the injury longer often experienced uselessness, and a lack of contacts, attention, and support; they were disposed to self-flagellation and guilt. Their attitude to Self reflected in the texts of fairy tales. Healthy controls wrote simple fairy tales describing the interaction of the Real Self and Ideal Self. By contrast, people with spinal injuries focused their stories on emotional experiences of their attitude to Self (complicated fairy tales) or finding meaning, accepting oneself and life in all its fullness and variety (complex fairy tale). Counseling people with a spinal injury, one should take into account both gender and age of the injured person and the potential of the fairy tale itself, which becomes a resource in the experiencing of spiritual crisis and in changing attitudes to Self.


Author(s):  
Lesya T. Muzychko

Fairytale therapy is one of the effective methods of working with preschool children who are experiencing various emotional and behavioral difficulties. The essence of this method is to create a special fabulous atmosphere that makes the child’s dreams come true, allows the child to fight their fears and complexes. Fairytale therapy well overcomes the high level of anxiety in children, various fears, aggression, adapts to different children’s groups. Fairytale therapy can be used to deal with aggressive children, insecure, shy, susceptible to deception, as well as in cases of all kinds of psychosomatic illnesses. The process of fairytale therapy allows the child to understand and analyze their problems, to see ways to solve them. The basic principle of fairytale therapy is the holistic development of the individual, the care of the soul, the healing of the fairy tale. According to the results of theoretical and empirical study of fairytale therapy as an element of corrective influence on the formation of psychological health of preschool children, it is determined that the use of fairy tales in daily lessons with them gives an effective result in overcoming children’s anxiety, fears and complexes, stabilizes their emotional state, overcomes excessive aggressiveness in interaction with peers. The main task of fairy tales: to offer alternative behaviors, other exits from problematic situations through fairy-tale events and fairy-tale characters. At the same time performing various functions – diagnostic, prognostic, educational, corrective. At the choice of objects or audience, fairy tales can be individual and group, author and folk. We can choose them arbitrarily for the purpose of direct psychological and pedagogical influence on the problem, depending on the set goals. By freeing children from gaming addiction, the fairy-tale atmosphere allows toddlers to work out certain behavioral and role-playing stories, shaping adaptive and sparing, constructive and creative approaches to addressing urgent children’s problems. Listening, illustrating, playing fairy tales, supplementing and ending a fairy tale allows you to form adequate self-esteem and criticality today, and most importantly – independence and autonomy in the future. However, the results also gave us the opportunity to analyze that the immediate results of the lessons provided do not always give a lasting effect, and often children need reminders, re-discussing, playing the same fairy tale with the use of other activities, consolidating the acquired knowledge and skills in the form of play. Fairy tale as a cultural-philosophical and psychological-educational phenomenon significantly influences the mental health of the younger generation.


Author(s):  
М. Шафаги ◽  
Д.В. Сокаева

Статья посвящена рассмотрению влияния образа Симурга, известного по таким древним и средневековым персидским источникам, как Авеста и Шах-наме , на осетинский фольклор. Образ большой орлообразной птицы мог появиться в персидском и осетинском фольклоре из общей иранской основы и в дальнейшем приобрести различные характеристики. В персидском фольклоре и литературе рассматриваемый образ распался на два: священная орлоподобная птица и священная курица. В осетинском фольклоре встречаются образы орлицы, чье гнездо находится на вершине огромного дерева седьмого подземелья, и сакральной курицы (серебряной, курицы Солнца), прилетающей к молочному озеру. Анализ осетинских волшебных сказок показал наличие образа сакральной курицы, который коррелирует с популярным образом осетинской сказочной и несказочной прозы девушки-птицы. Орлоподобный Симург и Симург-курица персидского фольклора, сакральная курица и девушка-птица осетинского фольклора являются медиаторами трех сфер мифологического пространства по вертикали, как и сакральный образ мифолого-религиозных представлений осетин, покровитель мужчин и путников, Уастырджи. Предложены различные возможные версии замены девушки-птицы молочного озера сакральной курицей молочного озера рассмотрена ритуальная основа образа курицы и ее фигурирование в осетинской обрядности. Отмечены различные позиции исследователей в отношении момента появления образа Симурга в славянском языческом пантеоне, в частности версия перенесения указанного образа сармато-аланами из Ирана в Древнюю Русь, хотя есть предположение, что образ собако-птицы существовал в кобанской культуре Кавказа. Обозначена дискуссия по поводу происхождения мотива орла: евразийский миф или собственно ведийско-авестийский при сравнении данных осетинской, персидской и финно-угорской мифологии выяснено, что осетинский фольклор развивает, как и ведийская мифология, вариант орелзмей, а не орел-жаба. Посредством анализа персидской волшебной сказки выяснено, что образ Симурга фигурирует в ней в раздвоенном состоянии: Симург, подобный орлице из волшебной сказки осетинского народа, доносящий героя до нужного места Премудрый Симург, отвечающий на вопросы героя. The article is devoted to considering the influence of the image of Simurg, known from ancient and medieval sources, Avesta and Shahnameh , on Ossetian folklore. The image of a large eagle-like bird could have appeared in Persian and Ossetian folklore from a common Iranian basis, acquiring various characteristics with time. In the Persian folklore and literature the image in question has split into two: the sacred eagle-like bird and the sacred chicken. In the Ossetian folklore, there is also the image of an eagle, whose nest is on the top of a huge tree of the seventh dungeon, and a sacred chicken (silver, chicken of the Sun), flying to a milk lake. The analysis of the Ossetian fairy tales showed the presence of an image of a sacred chicken, which correlates with a bird girl, popular image of Ossetian fairy tales and fairy tale prose. The eagle-like Simurg and Simurg the chicken of Persian folklore, the sacred chicken and the bird girl of Ossetian folklore are the mediators of the three vertical spheres of the mythological space, as well as the sacred image of the mythological and religious representations of the Ossetians, the patron of men and travelers, Uastirdzhi. Various possible versions of replacing a girl-bird of a milk lake with a sacred chicken of a milk lake are proposed the ritual basis of the image of the chicken and its feature in the Ossetian ritual is considered. Various approaches of the researchers are noted in relation to the moment of the appearance of Simurg in the Slavic pagan pantheon, in particular, the version of the transmitting this image by the Sarmatians and Alans from Iran to Ancient Russia, although there is an assumption that the dog-bird image existed in the Koban culture of the Caucasus. The discussion on the origin of the eagle motif is indicated: the Eurasian myth or the Vedic-Avestan proper comparing the data of Ossetian, Persian and FinnoUgric mythology it was found that the Ossetian folklore develops, like Vedic mythology, a variant of an eagle-snake, and not an eagle-toad. By analyzing the Persian fairy tale, it was found that the image of Simurg appears in it in a forked state: Simurg, like an eagle from an Ossetian fairy tale conveying the hero to the right place Wise Simurg, answering the questions of the hero.


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
Nina Atamanchuk ◽  
◽  
Svetlana Yalanska ◽  
Oksana Tur ◽  
◽  
...  

The article presents the theoretical analysis and empirical research on preschool children’s creative development by means of art. We are convinced that art practices as an innovative technology should be used in order to develop children's abilities and creativity, the creativity of adults working with children. After all, the basis of art practices is art as an activity that reveals the reality in specific sensory images. We have determined that the productive activities that are most interesting for preschool children are drawing and fairy-tale situations. The empirical study used drawing and fairy-tale techniques. We selected and described the art practices to be used in work with preschool children with the aim to develop such qualities as observation, attention, memory, imagination, fantasy. These qualities contribute to the development of preschool children’s independent creative activities, which form all the best human qualities and reveal their, often hidden, talents, skills and abilities. The children from the experimental group showed more creative elements and did it clearly during tasks solving compared to the control group. They offered more original options in addition to the standard vision of objects and phenomena. Modern preschool children are characterized by decreased activity, poorer imagination. Preschoolers’ creative development lags far behind their peers from the previous century. In addition, modern children have either high or low creative development (only few children showed medium development). Children’s awareness of modern electronic devices makes them dependent on gadgets, computers and television. At the same time, the number of gifted children has increased dramatically, as well as indigo children, who are characterized by super-abilities and changes in their psyche. All these facts point to problems and contradictions existing at modern older preschoolers. Participating in art practices, preschool children can reveal their potential for the development of their creativity. Children learn to solve various creative tasks, express themselves artistically and develop hidden talents. Art promotes children's abilities, motives, knowledge and skills, so that they create something new, original, unique. The proposed art practices opens the space for educators, psychologists at children's educational institutions to develop children’s creativity, because humanity has not yet invented a better creative tools than fairy tales, drawing, games, stories. From the first years of life, children have a natural need to show their own uniqueness, individuality, to reveal their talents and creative abilities. In kindergarten, children love to draw, sing, dance, having great fun. There is no doubt that art is the language of children’s souls. It is an efficient tool for the development of preschooler’s abilities, skills and creativity. Art practice for preschool children is an interesting and bright game.


Author(s):  
Matyakubova Tozagul Rajapovna

The impact of the folk literature to the poetry of the Uzbek academician poet Gafur Gulam (1903 - 1966) has been learnt by this article. Through the model of the analyses of poems by the poet the inheriting interrelations between folk and written literature have been observed. The scientific-theoretical opinions on the specific depiction style of the folk melody and spirit, which was closely got acquainted with national belief and life style, that is the peculiar depiction style appropriately to the genre fairy tales and folk epics as proverbs, parable, blessings, scolding have been ahead for formulation the individual style of Gafur Gulam. KEY WORDS: Poetry, lyric feeling, sense, philosophical pithiness, folk melody, folk inspiration, folklore, inheritance, figurativeness, simplicity, coherency, motive, fairy tale, oral epic, blessing, scolding, proverb, parable, sayings, lyric character, outlook, style, folk phrase, ceremony, cross impact, individuality, authentic ideal, literary-depictive means, stanza, idea, content.


Author(s):  
Тatiana М. Voiteleva

The paramount role in solving the problem of the formation of spiritual and moral qualities of the individual is played by the acquaintance of students with the national picture of the world, the basis of which are the characteristics of the culture of the people. Folklore is the conductor of national culture. Main attention is paid to one of the genres of the Russian folklore – a fairy tale, because it is in fairy tales that the best features of the people are reflected, contributing to the formation of moral values of students. The author determined not only the educational, but also the artistic value of fairy tales. The main aspects of the work on the analysis of the fairy tale are outlined: text analysis in the dialogue of cultures, the use of symbols, idioms, and appeal to the visual and expressive means of the language that contribute to a better understanding of the text.


Neophilology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 512-521
Author(s):  
Marina Y. Elepova ◽  
Natalia G. Kabanova

The original tales of Sergei Kozlov about the Hedgehog and the Bear are full of deep philosophical content, which finds expression in intertextual allusions, the transformation of my-thological images and formulas. A special place in the author’s discourse is occupied by the space-time continuum, which can be defined as a continuous set of categories that embody the topologi-cal explication of the fairy world through mythopoetic imagery, religious subtext, and multiple al-lusions. Temporality as a text category becomes the axis of artistic time, imparting signs of per-ception to the entire space-time continuum of the work. The temporality of the fairytale cycle is determined by the switch from everyday specifics to the scale of an unlimited universe. The stopped time effect occurs at the moment of such switch. Out of time, the characters find them-selves in the element of fantasy overwhelming them. The space has the features of impressionism, every moment in the life of fairytale heroes reveals a new look of the vernal world. The heavenly bodies in the spirit of the ancient fairy-tale epic are close to the earth and reified. Astral categories in the images of the moon, stars, sky reveal a connection with outer space. Anthropomorphic cha-racters inhabiting the magical space of the forest, while retaining their archetypal features, acquire special properties in fairy tales that go far beyond the framework of folklore stereotypes. This is imagination and fantasy that have no boundaries, the ability to contemplate the beautiful, the as-cent of thought to eternal philosophical problems. The Hedgehog, as the protagonist and the bearer of these qualities, often evaluates finiteness – the infinity of time, its cyclical nature, the constant change of death and birth. He, like other characters, overcomes real space and time with the help of imagination. The poetics of myth, archetypal imagery, artistic components of magical-fantastic tales, transformed in the author’s discourse of Sergei Kozlov, allow the writer to penetrate the innermost world of the child’s soul through the space-time continuum and present the most important ontological and epistemological problems of human existence and divine providence in the world to the adult reader.


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