The Inhibition Potential of Oregano (Origanum Vulgare) Extract Against Citrobacter freundii  Invitro and Invivo

The study was designed to demonstrate the antimicrobial and antioxidant effects of Oregano against C. freundii. The study consist of two parts, the first part (invitro) including study the sensitivity of C. freundii against safflower extract and antibiotics. where, the results showed very high inhibition efficacy of extract, which reached to 30 mm, while Neomycin inhibition zone reach to 14mm, Novobiocin inhibition zone reach to 9mm and Tetracycline inhibition zone reach to 9mm In the second part (in vivo) used 24 albino rats and divide to six groups (each group consist 4 rats). control group, group injected with (1x105 CFU/ml/25mg) bacteria, group injected with (1x105 CFU/ml/25mg) bacteria and treated with neomycin, group injected with (1x105 CFU/ml/25mg) bacteria and treated with novobiocin, group injected with (1x105 CFU/ml/25mg) bacteria and treated with tetramycine, group injected with (1x105 CFU/ml/25mg) bacteria with extract. The MDA levels in infected group and treated groups with antibiotics increased and GSH levels in infected group and treated groups with antibiotics show decreased (P < 0.05) compared control rats. In treated group with extract, MDA and GSH levels show on-significant change compare with control rats. It was concluded from present study that the Oregano has an antimicrobial and antioxidant activity against C. freundii.

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Assessment The Efficacy of Thymol Against Toxocara Vitulorum In Experimentally Infected Rats

10.21203/rs.3.rs-827080/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shawky M Aboelhadid ◽

Sahar Abdel Aleem Abdel-Aziz

Keyword(s):

Histopathological Examination ◽

Treated Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Untreated Control Group ◽

Toxocara Vitulorum ◽

The Third ◽

Ifn Γ

Abstract The effect of thymol and ivermectin on the development and embryonation of Toxocara vitulorum (T. vitulorum) eggs, as well as their migration in albino rats was investigated in vitro. A total of forty male albino rats were divided into four groups for an in vivo experiment. The first group was uninfected; the second group was infected but left untreated; the third group received thymol at a dose of 40 mg/kg; and the fourth group received ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg). Thymol inhibited the development of Toxocara larvae within the eggs in vitro. Ivermectin; however, produced inconsistent results. The in vivo results indicated that the recovery rates of Toxocara larvae from the liver and lungs on day 7 post-infection were significantly lower in the thymol- or ivermectin-treated group than in the infected untreated control group. Histopathological examination demonstrated that thymol and ivermectin were effective in reducing larval load, reducing the number and size of granulomas in the absence of larvae, and improving tissue architectures. Albumin levels were significantly increased in the thymol-treated group. Nitric oxide, IL-4, and IFN- γ levels were significantly decreased in the serum of the thymol- or ivermectin-treated group. The current study concluded that thymol possessed anti-Toxocara activity in a rat model. Additionally, thymol possessed ovicidal properties and may be used as a disinfectant.

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Synergistic Hepatoprotective Interaction between α-Tocopherol and Ascorbic Acid on Paracetamol Induced Liver Damage in Rats

10.20944/preprints202006.0122.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Saidul Islam Khan ◽

Mahmuda Begum ◽

Rama Chowdhury ◽

Md. Mizanur Rahman ◽

Muhammad Asaduzzaman

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Vitamin E ◽

Liver Damage ◽

Treated Group ◽

Alpha Tocopherol ◽

Male Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Group I ◽

Control Group Group

Background and objectives: The hepatoprotective activity of vitamin E and C is evident due to their ability of modulating the antioxidant pathway. In this study, we have evaluated the effects of α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid on paracetamol induced liver damage with offsetting various levels of drug treatment following an in vivo experimental protocol on Wistar albino male rats. Materials and Methods: The level of lipid peroxidation as well as histological examination of liver tissues were observed among 50 Wistar albino male rats to evaluate hepatoprotective effect of α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid on hepatocytes. The experiment was divided into 5 groups (10 rats in each group)- Basal control group (Group-I, with propylene glycol), Paracetamol treated control group (Group –II), α-tocopherol pretreated & paracetamol treated group (Group –III), Ascorbic acid pretreated & paracetamol treated group (Group –IV) and Ascorbic acid pretreated & paracetamol treated group (Group –IV). Results: The mean (± SD) Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration were significantly reduced in α-tocopherol pretreated and paracetamol treated group (P<0.001), Ascorbic acid pretreated and paracetamol treated group (P≤0.05) and combined α-tocopherol with ascorbic acid pretreated & paracetamol treated group (P<0.001). Statistically significant differences in histological findings of rat liver were observed in paracetamol treated control group (P<0.001), ascorbic acid pretreated and paracetamol treated group (P<0.001). The serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level was also significantly higher in paracetamol treated group (P<0.001), α-tocopherol pretreated plus paracetamol treated group (P≤0.05) and in ascorbic acid pretreated plus paracetamol treated group (P<0.001). Conclusion: The combined pretreatment of α-tocopherol & ascorbic acid have better hepatoprotective effects than α-tocopherol or ascorbic acid alone against paracetamol induced liver damage. The decrement of free radicals produced by vitamin E could be a better hepatoprotective antioxidant than vitamin C in paracetamol induced toxicity.

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Impact of cefepime on hematological, immunological and oxidant/antioxidant parameters in rats experimentally infected with E. coli ATCC 25922

Mansoura Veterinary Medical Journal ◽

10.35943/10.35943/mvmj.2020.21.106 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 36-45

Author(s):

Huda Elbaz ◽

Mohamed Hamed ◽

Fatma Abdelhamid ◽

Osama Abdalla

Keyword(s):

Liver Function ◽

Oxidative Damage ◽

Hemoglobin Concentration ◽

Treated Group ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

Infected Group ◽

Fixed Dose ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Immunological Parameters ◽

Antioxidant Parameters

Objective: To evaluate the effect of cefepime on hematological changes, immunological disorders and hepatic oxidative damage in rats experimentally infected with E.coli ATCC 25922. Design: Randomized controlled experimental study. Animals: Thirty-two adult male albino rats weighting150-200 g. Procedures: Rats used for this study were randomly assigned into 4 equal groups: the control one, E.coli infected group (1×108CFU/I/P/once), the cefepime treated group (45 mg/kg bw/I/M/day) for 5 days and the E.coli infected group that treated with cefepime 24h after bacterial inoculation as previously described. Hematological and immunological parameters, liver function biomarkers and hepatic oxidative stress and antioxidant markers were determined. Results: Our result revealed that E.coli infection induced a significant elevation in the erythrocytes count, hemoglobin concentration, PCV% and total leukocytic count (TLC) (P < 0.05). In the same respect, liver function biomarkers, serum glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels as well hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), TNF-α, IL-10, and lysozyme activity were significantly increased compared to the control rats (P < 0.05). In contrast, hepatic reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Cefepime treatment in E.coli + CFPM group reduced the elevated eythrogram, TLC and liver function biomarkers. Cefepime also ameliorated the oxidative damage and inflammatory response induced by E.coli infection. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Cefepime is safe when administered in a fixed-dose and possess antioxidant that contributes to improve efficacy against adverse effect induced by E.coli ATCC 25922 infection.

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Effect of cefepime on hematological, immunological and oxidant/antioxidant parameters in rats experimentally infected with E. coli ATCC 25922

Mansoura Veterinary Medical Journal ◽

10.35943/mvmj.2020.21.116 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 36-45

Author(s):

Huda Elbaz

Keyword(s):

Liver Function ◽

Oxidative Damage ◽

Hemoglobin Concentration ◽

Treated Group ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

Infected Group ◽

Fixed Dose ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Immunological Parameters ◽

Antioxidant Parameters

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Ethanol Extract of Achillea fragrantissima Enhances Angiogenesis through Stimulation of VEGF Production

Endocrine Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871530321666201230113018 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

Author(s):

Hana M. Hammad ◽

Amer Imraish ◽

Maysa Al-Hussaini ◽

Malek Zihlif ◽

Amani A. Harb ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Rural Communities ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Aortic Ring ◽

Treated Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Achillea Fragrantissima

Objective: Achillea fragrantissima L. (Asteraceae) is a traditionally used medicinal herb in the rural communities of Jordan. Methods: The present study evaluated the efficacy of the ethanol extract of this species on angiogenesis in both, ex vivo using rat aortic ring assay and in vivo using rat excision wound model. Results: In concentrations of 50 and 100 µg/ml, the ethanol extract showed angiogenic stimulatory effect and significantly increased length of capillary protrusions around aorta rings of about 60% in comparison to those of untreated aorta rings. In MCF-7 cells, the ethanol extract of A. fragrantissima stimulates the production of VEGF in a dose-dependent manner. 1% and 5% of ethanol extract of A. fragrantissima containing vaseline based ointment was applied on rat excision wounds for six days and was found to be effective in wound healing and maturation of the scar. Both preparations resulted in better wound healing when compared to the untreated control group and vaseline-treated group. This effect was comparable to that induced by MEBO, the positive control. Conclusion: The results indicate that A. fragrantissima has a pro-angiogenic effect, which may act through the VEGF signaling pathway.

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Cold Plasma Treatment Promotes Full-thickness Healing of Skin Wounds in Murine Models

The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds ◽

10.1177/15347346211002144 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 153473462110021

Author(s):

Joon M. Jung ◽

Hae K. Yoon ◽

Chang J. Jung ◽

Soo Y. Jo ◽

Sang G. Hwang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Plasma Treatment ◽

Cold Plasma ◽

Smooth Muscle Actin ◽

Treated Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Alpha Smooth Muscle Actin ◽

Skin Wound Healing

Cold plasma can be beneficial for promoting skin wound healing and has a high potential of being effectively used in treating various wounds. Our aim was to verify the effect of cold plasma in accelerating wound healing and investigate its underlying mechanism in vitro and in vivo. For the in vivo experiments, 2 full-thickness dermal wounds were created in each mouse (n = 30). While one wound was exposed to 2 daily plasma treatments for 3 min, the other wound served as a control. The wounds were evaluated by imaging and histological analyses at 4, 7, and 11 days post the wound infliction process. Immunohistochemical studies were also performed at the same time points. In vitro proliferation and scratch assay using HaCaT keratinocytes and fibroblasts were performed. The expression levels of wound healing–related genes were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. On day 7, the wound healing rates were 53.94% and 63.58% for the control group and the plasma-treated group, respectively. On day 11, these rates were 76.05% and 93.44% for the control and plasma-treated groups, respectively, and the difference between them was significant ( P = .039). Histological analysis demonstrated that plasma treatment promotes the formation of epidermal keratin and granular layers. Immunohistochemical studies also revealed that collagen 1, collagen 3, and alpha-smooth muscle actin appeared more abundantly in the plasma-treated group than in the control group. In vitro, the proliferation of keratinocytes was promoted by plasma exposure. Scratch assay showed that fibroblast exposure to plasma increased their migration. The expression levels of collagen 1, collagen 3, and alpha-smooth muscle actin were elevated upon plasma treatment. In conclusion, cold plasma can accelerate skin wound healing and is well tolerated.

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In vivo evaluation of a recombinant N-acylhomoserine lactonase formulated in a hydrogel using a murine model infected with MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate, CCASUP2

AMB Express ◽

10.1186/s13568-021-01269-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Masarra M. Sakr ◽

Walid F. Elkhatib ◽

Khaled M. Aboshanab ◽

Eman M. Mantawy ◽

Mahmoud A. Yassien ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Survival Rate ◽

Murine Model ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Healing Process ◽

Bacterial Count ◽

Treated Group ◽

Control Group ◽

In Vivo Evaluation ◽

Systemic Spread

AbstractFailure in the treatment of P. aeruginosa, due to its broad spectrum of resistance, has been associated with increased patient mortality. One alternative approach for infection control is quorum quenching which was found to decrease virulence of such pathogen. In this study, the efficiency of a recombinant Ahl-1 lactonase formulated as a hydrogel was investigated to control the infection of multidrug resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa infected burn using a murine model. The recombinant N-acylhomoserine lactonase (Ahl-1) was formulated as a hydrogel. To test its ability to control the infection of MDR P. aeruginosa, a thermal injury model was used. Survival rate, and systemic spread of the infection were evaluated. Histopathological examination of the animal dorsal skin was also done for monitoring the healing and cellular changes at the site of infection. Survival rate in the treated group was 100% relative to 40% in the control group. A decrease of up to 3 logs of bacterial count in the blood samples of the treated animals relative to the control group and a decrease of up to 4 logs and 2.3 logs of bacteria in lung and liver samples, respectively were observed. Histopathological examination revealed more enhanced healing process in the treated group. Accordingly, by promoting healing of infected MDR P. aeruginosa burn and by reducing systemic spread of the infection as well as decreasing mortality rate, Ahl-1 hydrogel application is a promising strategy that can be used to combat and control P. aeruginosa burn infections.

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Sulfasalazine modifies metabolic profiles and enhances cisplatin chemosensitivity on cholangiocarcinoma cells in in vitro and in vivo models

Cancer & Metabolism ◽

10.1186/s40170-021-00249-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Malinee Thanee ◽

Sureerat Padthaisong ◽

Manida Suksawat ◽

Hasaya Dokduang ◽

Jutarop Phetcharaburanin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Redox Regulation ◽

Treated Group ◽

Control Group ◽

High Recurrence Rate ◽

Nucleic Acid Metabolism ◽

In Vivo Models ◽

Tryptophan Degradation ◽

Xenograft Mice

Abstract Background Sulfasalazine (SSZ) is widely known as an xCT inhibitor suppressing CD44v9-expressed cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) being related to redox regulation. Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) has a high recurrence rate and no effective chemotherapy. A recent report revealed high levels of CD44v9-positive cells in CCA patients. Therefore, a combination of drugs could prove a suitable strategy for CCA treatment via individual metabolic profiling. Methods We examined the effect of xCT-targeted CD44v9-CSCs using sulfasalazine combined with cisplatin (CIS) or gemcitabine in CCA in vitro and in vivo models and did NMR-based metabolomics analysis of xenograft mice tumor tissues. Results Our findings suggest that combined SSZ and CIS leads to a higher inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of cell death than CIS alone in both in vitro and in vivo models. Xenograft mice showed that the CD44v9-CSC marker and CK-19-CCA proliferative marker were reduced in the combination treatment. Interestingly, different metabolic signatures and significant metabolites were observed in the drug-treated group compared with the control group that revealed the cancer suppression mechanisms. Conclusions SSZ could improve CCA therapy by sensitization to CIS through killing CD44v9-positive cells and modifying the metabolic pathways, in particular tryptophan degradation (i.e., kynurenine pathway, serotonin pathway) and nucleic acid metabolism.

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Anti-Obesity and Anti-Adipogenic Effects of Chitosan Oligosaccharide (GO2KA1) in SD Rats and in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes Models

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26020331 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 331

Author(s):

Jung-Yun Lee ◽

Tae Yang Kim ◽

Hanna Kang ◽

Jungbae Oh ◽

Joo Woong Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Body Weight ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Treated Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Chitosan Oligosaccharide ◽

Sd Rats ◽

Adipogenic Gene

Excess body weight is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and associated metabolic complications, and weight loss has been shown to improve glycemic control and decrease morbidity and mortality in T2D patients. Weight-loss strategies using dietary interventions produce a significant decrease in diabetes-related metabolic disturbance. We have previously reported that the supplementation of low molecular chitosan oligosaccharide (GO2KA1) significantly inhibited blood glucose levels in both animals and humans. However, the effect of GO2KA1 on obesity still remains unclear. The aim of the study was to evaluate the anti-obesity effect of GO2KA1 on lipid accumulation and adipogenic gene expression using 3T3-L1 adipocytes in vitro and plasma lipid profiles using a Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat model. Murine 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were stimulated to differentiate under the adipogenic stimulation in the presence and absence of varying concentrations of GO2KA1. Adipocyte differentiation was confirmed by Oil Red O staining of lipids and the expression of adipogenic gene expression. Compared to control group, the cells treated with GO2KA1 significantly decreased in intracellular lipid accumulation with concomitant decreases in the expression of key transcription factors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (CEBP/α). Consistently, the mRNA expression of downstream adipogenic target genes such as fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), fatty acid synthase (FAS), were significantly lower in the GO2KA1-treated group than in the control group. In vivo, male SD rats were fed a high fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks to induced obesity, followed by oral administration of GO2KA1 at 0.1 g/kg/body weight or vehicle control in HFD. We assessed body weight, food intake, plasma lipids, levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) for liver function, and serum level of adiponectin, a marker for obesity-mediated metabolic syndrome. Compared to control group GO2KA1 significantly suppressed body weight gain (185.8 ± 8.8 g vs. 211.6 ± 20.1 g, p < 0.05) with no significant difference in food intake. The serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were significantly lower in the GO2KA1-treated group than in the control group, whereas the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level was higher in the GO2KA1 group. The GO2KA1-treated group also showed a significant reduction in ALT and AST levels compared to the control. Moreover, serum adiponectin levels were significantly 1.5-folder higher than the control group. These in vivo and in vitro findings suggest that dietary supplementation of GO2KA1 may prevent diet-induced weight gain and the anti-obesity effect is mediated in part by inhibiting adipogenesis and increasing adiponectin level.

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In Vivo Anti-Anemic Effect of an Aqueous Root Extract of Phyllanthus Muellerianus (Kuntze) Exell in Model Rats.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-743554/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

James Nyirenda ◽

Gershom B. Lwanga ◽

Kaampwe M. Muzandu ◽

David K. Chuba ◽

Gibson M. Sijumbila

Keyword(s):

Plant Extract ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Root Extract ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Aqueous Root Extract

Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevanceAnemia is a very serious condition in Zambia. One of the plants that has been used traditionally is Phyllanthus muellerianus where different parts of shrub are used to treat a number of diseases in Zambian folklore medicine. Earlier studies have investigated medicinal properties of its aqueous root extracts. This study evaluated the effect of P. muellerianus roots on the hematological indices of albino rats and determined its phytochemical profile. Aim of the studyTo carry out phytochemical screening of the root extract and assess the ant-anemic effect of the aqueous extract on laboratory rats with tail-bled induced anemia Materials and MethodsThirty-six male albino rats placed in six groups were used for the study. The groups comprised the 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg plant extract, Ranferon (200 mg/kg) positive control, anemic non treated control and a normal (non-anemic) control. Anemia, induced through bleeding of the rats, was defined as hemoglobin (Hb) levels less than 12 g/dL. The anti-anemic potential of the plant was determined by comparing its effect on the hematological parameters of rats on treatment to that of the control group.ResultsAfter treatment, rats on the 400 mg/kg plant extract dose showed the greatest increase in the mean values for Hb, Packed cell volume (PCV) and RBC count were 43.3±1.2%, 15.4±0.3 g/dL and 6.3±0.3 x106 /mL respectively, when compared to the negative control group (P < 0.05). Phytochemical screening revealed positive results for alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, steroids, triterpenoids and tannins with varying amounts.Conclusions. The aqueous root extract of P. muellerianus was efficacious against anemia in a dose-dependent manner. The phytochemical compositions seem to be responsible for its hematopoietic properties. Thus, the root decoction of P. muellerianus is useful in alleviating anemia and the results lend credence to its use in traditional medicine in the management of anemia.

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