scholarly journals Demokratisering av deltakelse gjennom sosiale medier. Sosial ulikhet i nordmenns digitale samfunnsengasjement

2018 ◽  
pp. 63-100
Author(s):  
Ivar Eimhjellen ◽  
Jørn Ljunggren
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Personal Characteristic ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
Civic Action ◽  
Voluntary Work ◽  
Social Differences ◽  
Personal Traits ◽  
Digital Expression

Based on representative survey-data, this chapter is concerned with analyzing the potential democratic effects of social media on civic engagement and collective action. We investigate to what degree and how social differences with regard to age, gender, educational background and geographical centrality are expressed in digital forms of civic action: information consumption and triggering of political interest, membership in political Facebook-groups, digital expression of opinions, and digital voluntary work. Previous research and theories are inconclusive with regard to increasing or decreasing social divides in digital participation, depending on the particular personal characteristic and type of digital civic action. Our analyses show that younger persons are more active than older persons in many of the participatory forms. Like many previous studies, we find a certain reproduction of classical gender differences in which men are more active than women. Education is also found to reproduce the classical differences in which more education is connected to higher levels of participation. We also find that centrality of residence differentiates activity levels in certain forms of digital civic action. On the basis of our analyses we claim that the democratic effects of digitalization on civic participation, in the form of reducing classical divides in which groups are active and which groups are passive, are limited. While digital technologies have created many new possibilities for civic action, participation and engagement is still structured by resources, personal traits and social position.

Workplace “Digital Culture” and the Uptake of Digital Solutions

2020 ◽  
pp. 368-402
Author(s):  
Simeon J. Yates ◽  
Eleanor Lockley
Keyword(s):  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Digital Culture ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Company Culture ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Uk

This chapter reviews prior work on technology acceptance and then reports on a nationally representative survey of UK employees exploring both employee’s personal experiences of digital technologies at home and work and their evaluations of the effectiveness of the technologies and the “digital culture” in their organization. Presenting the results of 3040 UK workers, it seeks to explore the factors that influence digital roll-outs by focusing on the experiences and perceptions of the UK workforce as a whole, with the expectation that introducing new technology alone isn’t enough. This research explores how “digitally ready” organizations are in the UK in terms of people, processes, and company culture. It concludes that a large proportion of the UK workforce are not seeing the benefits of digital technologies. Importantly, there is a need for organizations to understand that making digital solutions a success is a process of cultural change in their organization.

PERSONAL TRAITS SUPPORTING POSITIVE RELATIONS WITH OTHERS

2020 ◽  
pp. 223-237
Author(s):  
G. V. Chaika
Keyword(s):  
Personal Autonomy ◽  
Personal Characteristic ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Study Data ◽  
The Self ◽  
Life Goals ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Personal Traits ◽  
Psychological Hardiness ◽  
Self Actualization

The article examines the psychological qualities and characteristics that support positive relations with others as they are understood in C. Ryff 's model of psychological well-being and compares them with those personal qualities that usually understood as supporting an individual 's personal autonomy. To solve this task, we used the corresponding scale from the Ryff 's Scales of Psychological Well-being; the Test of Meaningful Life Orientation of D. A. Leontiev; Test-Questionnaire of Self-Attitude of V. V. Stolyn, S.R. Panteleyev; Self-Efficacy Scale proposed by R. Schwarzer and M. Jerusalem (adapted by V. G. Romek), S. Maddi 's Hardiness Scale (adaptated of D. A. Leontiev et al.), the Self-Actualization Test (CAT), the self-expression scale from the self-determination test of Osin E. et al. In total, 150 respondents - students of Kyiv universities participated in the research. The study data show that there are strong correlations between positive relations with others and such personal traits as life process and life results and other indicators of meaningfulness of life; self-expression, which reveals whether life is experienced as consistent with one 's own desires, needs and values; self-respect and expected attitudes of others and several other indicators of self-attitude and general scale of self-attitudes; self-actualizing value and psychological hardiness. The predictors of successful positive relations are commitment, expected attitudes of others, self-expression and self-respect, existing life goals and positive life results. High locus of control on self and control as a factor of psychological hardiness can prevent from development of warm, good and deep relations. The obtained results show that there is a line of personal characteristic that support personal autonomy and positive relations with others, namely, self-expression, self-respect, life-goals. That is why we cannot argue the idea that personal autonomy and positive relations with others are totally opposite personal traits and that need in autonomy can is fulfilled by neglecting relationships with others.

scholarly journals Exploring Women's Work Decision in Malaysia

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Peck Leong Tan ◽  
Ruzita Baah ◽  
Geetha Subramaniam ◽  
Hadijah Iberahim
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Women's Work ◽  
Social Differences ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Tertiary Institutions ◽  
Women’S Work ◽  
Malaysian Women

Over the years, the educational level of Malaysian women has increased tremendously with more women than men in the tertiary institutions. Nevertheless, investment in female human capital has not been translated into more women in the workforce. Therefore this study aims to explore the work decision of Malaysian women. Results from the survey of 553 women reveal that nearly all women expressed that they are willing to work after completing their tertiary education but they feel that support and influence from families are the most important deciding factors in influencing women’s decision to work. Furthermore, economic and social differences also play vital roles in women’s work decision. Women from poorer families and with lower educational background tend to focus on their financial needs as priority in their work decision. On the other hand, women with higher educational background and who come from richer families tend to choose jobs that will allow them to achieve their goals and also bring great self satisfaction. Therefore, various strategies targeting different women need to be done to increase the labour force participation of Malaysian women. Keywords: Work Decision, Women Work, Female Labour Force Participation

Gender Pay Gap in India: A Reality and the Way Forward—An Empirical Approach Using Quantile Regression Technique

2021 ◽  
pp. 232102222199567
Author(s):  
Pooja Sengupta ◽  
Roma Puri
Keyword(s):  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Personal Characteristic ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Pay Gap ◽  
Personal Traits ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Ordinary Least Square Regression

There is a growing body of empirical work on gender studies that mostly focus on the gender-wise representation of individuals in different sectors. One such study is the wage gap attributed to gender. In this article, we have tried to focus on a detailed study of the gender wage gap in the Indian context. The study was carried out on the most recent Employment–Unemployment Survey carried out by NSS for the year 2012. The study was based on the personal characteristics as well as the characteristics of the job undertaken by the employees. Ordinary least square regression and linear quartile regression model were used for analysis. In our study we have come up with a few interesting determinants of wage inequality based mostly on the personal traits. For women, personal characteristic like age was highly significant determinant of wage whereas in case of men more industry specific determinants were significant. JEL Classifications: C01, C10, J16, J31

Crossing the Digital Divide

2019 ◽  
pp. 35-51
Author(s):  
Katherine A. Milla
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Generational Differences ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Learning Needs ◽  
Digital Learning ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Social Differences ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
New Challenges

Teaching university students who have grown up with digital technologies presents new challenges for today's educators, who find themselves struggling to bridge the gap between the legacy educational system and an emerging but still undefined new paradigm. Students of the post-digital era have distinctly different cultural and social differences from their predecessors that require a new understanding of their learning needs and challenges. In this chapter the author summarizes generational differences between the current cohort of college students and their predecessors. She reviews and reflects on her experiences with the Digital Learning Initiative and proposes a new focus and approach for moving forward in the classroom.

Intergenerational transfer of a sports-related lifestyle within the family

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christelle Hayoz ◽  
Claudia Klostermann ◽  
Jürg Schmid ◽  
Torsten Schlesinger ◽  
Siegfried Nagel
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Intergenerational Transfer ◽  
Social Differences ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family

The intergenerational transfer of a sports-related lifestyle within the family is a potential way to explain the social differences in sports participation that are displayed by young people. In this article, the importance of a sports-related lifestyle within the family, as well as parents’ educational background and sports participation in childhood, in the sports participation of adolescents and young adults is examined from the perspective of socialisation theory. Structural equation modelling was used to demonstrate that all of the examined predictors have significant positive effects on the current sports participation of individuals between the ages of 15 and 30 years ( N = 4028; M = 21.48; SD = 4.64). The most pronounced effect on sports participation was observed for a sports-related lifestyle in the family.

Changing connectivities and renewed priorities: Status and challenges facing Nepali Internet

First Monday ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shailesh Pandey ◽  
Nischal Regmi
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Mobile Internet ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Gorkha Earthquake ◽  
Online Activity ◽  
Track Record ◽  
Data Consumption ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
2015 Nepal Earthquake

Evidence available after the devastating April 2015 Nepal earthquake (Gorkha earthquake) illustrate uneven coverage and poor data consumption in Nepal in spite of impressive mobile Internet subscription numbers. Places with favourable terrain, higher population densities, and higher income have better connectivity. Online activity levels, on the other hand, do not always correspond with these factors. Overall, ownership of digital technologies and its use exhibit clear regional unevenness and a large urban-rural inequality. These geographical factors reflect differences in socio-demographic characteristics. Unfortunately, in Nepal, dominant discourses on the Internet brush aside these linkages. With deep structural inequalities, a resource-scarce economy, and a track record of poor governance, broadband connectivity will not reduce this development chasm. This paper calls for Nepali Internet discourses to be grounded in reality, detaching from a ‘self-evident’ development vision of connectivity.

The View from the Helicopter: Examining the Australian Early Childhood Workforce Using the National Census of Population and Housing

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 72-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jen Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Early Childhood Educators ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
Social Differences ◽  
Social And Cultural Capital ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Australian Census ◽  
Education And Care

THIS STUDY USED DATA from the 2011 Australian Census of Population and Housing to examine differences between Australian early childhood educators at different qualification levels: certificate/unqualified, diploma-qualified and degree-qualified. The study's theoretical framework is informed by the work of Pierre Bourdieu and views qualifications as markers of broader differences in social and cultural capital. This paper describes how early childhood educators were identified in the Census data, and presents some preliminary findings, showing differences in educators' schooling, engagement in further study, income, employment arrangements and family responsibilities. These findings suggest that educators' qualifications are related to broader social differences, which have implications for how different groups of educators might experience current policy efforts to improve workforce qualifications and professionalism. Of particular concern is a group of educators whose educational background and employment circumstances place them at risk of marginalisation in the labour market and in the early childhood education and care professionalisation agenda.

scholarly journals STUDY HABITS

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (03) ◽  
pp. 466-472
Author(s):  
Uzma Hassan ◽  
Shazia Sadaf ◽  
Syed Moyn Aly ◽  
Lubna Ansari Baig
Keyword(s):  
Education System ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Habits ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
First Year ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Personal Traits ◽  
And Performance

Objectives: To determine the efficacy of Local Education System and GCSEsystem by comparing the scores obtained by first yearMBBS students of both streams ofeducation in the first professional exam. The study also determined the effect of educationsystems on the study habits of these students. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting:Rawal Institute of Health Sciences, Islamabad. Period: June 2015 to June 2016. Methods:Students of first year MBBS were interviewed by the researcher by using a close endedquestionnaire to compare the study habits between the two groups. First professional examscores and study habits were noted and compared in both the groups of students comingfrom two different educational systems by applying Independent Sample T test and Chi Square(χ2) test of independence, respectively, using SPSS 21 version. Results: After analysing thedata gathered, it was found that students from both the systems performed equally in the firstprofessional exams irrespective of their educational background, hence there is no relationshipbetween the type of secondary education and performance in professional examinations.Similarly, there was no association between the study habits and the system of education. Ourstudy concludes that study habits are personal traits and vary from one student to anotherstudent. Conclusion: The performance of students cannot be calculated simply through thesystem of education because of the complex and intermingled associations between cognitive,affective and contextual factors in higher education. This study concludes that predictability ofacademic success based on education system attended is questionable.

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