Certain aspects of psychomotor activity in different styles of cognitive activity of an individual

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Irina A. Belskikh ◽  
Alina I. Belogurova
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Weak Type ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Functional Mobility ◽  
Movement Speed ◽  
Strong Type ◽  
Information Processing Speed ◽  
Psychomotor Activity ◽  
Graph Type

Aim. This investigation studies the parameters of the psychomotor components of the types of the nervous system (NS) of personality in different styles of cognitive functioning. Materials and Methods. One hundred medical university students (mean age 22.011.84 years, 15 males and 85 females) were examined. Experimental research methods: 1. Express method for determining the properties of the NS computer modification of the tapping test of E.P. Ilyin Psychomotor test of the NS (Neurosoft, Ivanovo). Criteria of strength, endurance, and lability of nervous processes in connection with the intensity of work. 2. Assessment of cognitive functioning a method of discrimination of the properties of concepts (cognitive style concrete/abstract conceptualization). Results. All participants were ranked to 4 poles of cognitive style: 1 abstract subjectivity of conceptualization (4.9%); 2 abstract realism of conceptualization (10.1%); 3 concrete subjectivity of conceptualization (9.5%); 4 concrete realism of conceptualization (5.3%). In the group of studied individuals, a descending graph of movement speed dominated (61%), which corresponds to a weak type of NS; 10% of participants had a strong type of NS characterized by a convex graph type; a flat type was identified in 14% of patients. This type indicates a medium strength of the NS. Intermediate and concave types were diagnosed in 15% of participants, which corresponds to a moderately weak type of NS. In the statistical analysis of psychomotor NS parameters participant groups with different poles of conceptualization expression according to the criteria of E.P. Ilyin, the data obtained showed an interrelationship between a strong type of NS and a subjective concrete conceptualization. It was an expressed style of realistic abstractness and a weak type of NS. Conclusion. The maximum frequency of the tapping test, being a parameter of the speed aspect of psychomotor activity, allows using this criterion to assess the overall activity and the style peculiarities of the cognitive activity, expressed in different types of conceptualization. Peculiarities of cognitive activity, expressed in the increased subjectiveness of conceptualization, correlate with functional mobility enhancement of the cortical processes, increase in information processing speed, and the effectiveness of integrative brain activity.

scholarly journals Do Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Cardiovascular Disease Explain Sex Differences in Cognitive Functioning in Old Age?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Maria van Zutphen ◽  
Judith Johanna Maria Rijnhart ◽  
Didericke Rhebergen ◽  
Majon Muller ◽  
Martijn Huisman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Information Processing Speed

Background: Sex differences in cognitive functioning in old age are known to exist yet are still poorly understood. Objective: This study examines to what extent differences in cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular disease between men and women explain sex differences in cognitive functioning. Methods: Data from 2,724 older adults from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam were used. Information processing speed and episodic memory, measured three times during six years of follow-up, served as outcomes. The mediating role of cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular disease was examined in single and multiple mediator models. Determinant-mediator effects were estimated using linear or logistic regression, and determinant-outcome and mediator-outcome effects were estimated using linear mixed models. Indirect effects were estimated using the product-of-coefficients estimator. Results: Women scored 1.58 points higher on information processing speed and 1.53 points higher on episodic memory. Several cardiovascular risk factors had small mediating effects. The sex difference in information processing speed was mediated by smoking, depressive symptoms, obesity, and systolic blood pressure. The sex difference in episodic memory was mediated by smoking, physical activity, and depressive symptoms. Effects of smoking, LDL cholesterol, and diabetes mellitus on information processing speed differed between men and women. Conclusion: Differences in cardiovascular risk factors between women and men partially explained why women had better cognitive functioning. A healthy cardiovascular lifestyle seems beneficial for cognition and sex-specific strategies may be important to preserve cognitive functioning at older age.

Habituation Rate and Free Exploration Tempo in 4-Month-Old Infants

1983 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Germaine Pecheux ◽  
Roger Lécuyer
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Individual Characteristic ◽  
Information Processing Speed ◽  
Habituation Rate ◽  
Geometric Patterns ◽  
Free Exploration ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
Common Situation

If rate of habituation reflects information processing speed and is a stable individual characteristic, fast habituators should habituate relatively quickly to any stimulus, and slow habituators relatively slowly. Moreover, rate of habituation should be related to the baby's tendency to explore in any common situation. To examine these inferences, 24 four-month-old infants were habituated to four stimuli (two geometric patterns and two faces) successively, in two sessions, and observed in a free-exploration situation. The number of trials required to reach criterion in the habituation situations were not correlated, but total looking times to criterion were. Also, slow habituators stayed in the exploration situation for a relatively longer time and also explored a new toy for a longer time. Methodological aspects of habituation are discussed, and an interpretation of habituation sequences in terms of cognitive style is suggested.

scholarly journals Metacognition: A new cognitive paradigm

Psihologija ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milos Kankaras
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Thinking Processes ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
And Control ◽  
Metacognitive Experiences

This article reviews concept of metacognition, defined as: (a) knowledge about ones own cognitive activity, (b) strategies to monitor and regulate cognitive activity and behavior, and (c) subjective or metacognitive experiences which comes from some changes or temporary difficulties in cognitive functioning. While describing different conceptualizations of metacognition, its development, fields of application, relation with intelligence, and its constrictions and ambiguity, we attempt to present new and emerging metacognitive paradigm, which is, for a relatively short period, succeeded to improve, expand, and redefine wide range of theoretical and practical fields in psychology, on new and original way. How do we become conscious of our own cognitive processes? What role and significance that consciousness has, what is the functional level above thinking processes and how that level, which monitor and control cognitive activity, works. Metacognition is concept that presents, as so far, the most important insight in those human mind areas, which, although very important, remained on the margin of psychological investigations until now.

scholarly journals The Study of Cognitive Functioning in the Cardiac Surgery Clinic: Methodology and Promising Areas of Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
D.A. Eremina
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Current State ◽  
Therapeutic Measures ◽  
Treatment Analysis ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Somatic Diseases

Using the study of cognitive functioning in patients with cardiovascular diseases paper discusses problems of changes in brain activity in patients with somatic diseases related to a main pathology and resulting from surgical treatment. Analysis of the current state of research in this area provided. Based on this analysis, promising areas for further research, such as development of methods for predicting an occurrence and development of cognitive impairment, organization of timely diagnosis of changes in cognitive activity, development of preventive and therapeutic measures, exploring the value of cognitive functioning for treatment adherence. In addition, paper discusses the methodological approaches and main organizational aspects of conducting such studies and indicates the most relevant methods for studying cognitive functioning in a cardiac surgery clinic.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF THE TYPE OF NERVOUS ACTIVITY ON THE MILK PRODUCTION OF COWS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Karlova ◽  
◽  
Olena Lesnovska ◽  
Roman Mylostyvyi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Weak Type ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Strong Type ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Productive Traits ◽  
Relative Decline ◽  
Morning Milk

The aim of the research was to evaluate the influence of the type of the nervous system on the productive and reproductive qualities of animals. The type of nervous system (strong, weak) of cows of the Ukrainian red dairy breed was determined by the index of the nervous system, which is based on the variability of the fat content in the morning milk yield after changing the conditions of cows keeping. Under the new conditions of keeping cows with a strong type of nervous activity, the coefficients of variability of the morning milk yield and the fat content in milk practically remained at the same level (their slight increase was noted at the level of 4.5 and 3.1%). In cows of a weak type under similar conditions of keeping, a significant increase in the variability of milk yield (by 53.6%) and fat content in milk (by 266.7%) was found. In animals of both types, in the first days of summer-camp keeping, in comparison with winter-stall keeping, there was an increase in milk yield and a decrease in fat content in milk. In cows of the strong type, the fat content decreased by 0.08% and of the weak type by 0.12%. The average index of the nervous system type in animals of the strong type is 1.18, and in cows of the weak type 2.71 (P> 0.999). Before and during milking, the pulse rate in the cows of weak type was higher by 8.0 and 10.8 beats / min. (P> 0.999), compared with the strong type. The animals of strong type of the nervous system, in comparison with the weak type, had a smaller thickness of the concha and skin, a higher pulse and respiratory rate, and a lower rectal body temperature. In cows of a strong type of the nervous system in postnatal ontogenesis, the formation of productive traits took place more rapidly and they better adapted to the conditions of the external environment. This is evidenced by their high coefficient of relative decline in the growth at the age of one (85.0) than in animals with a weak type of nervous system (78.5). The advantage of cows with a strong type of nervous activity over a weak one in milk yield was 348 kg (P>0.95) and in milk fat 8.0 kg. The service period in animals with a strong type of nervous activity was 6.3 days shorter. The animals with a strong type of nervous activity during the first lactation had a higher adaptation index compared with animals of a weak type. The difference for this indicator is 0.49 (or 3.7%). They also had a higher productivity index for the first (3.1%) and second (4.0%) lactation. Thus, the typological features of the nervous activity of cows affect the formation of the most important functions of the body, which can be used in breeding work to improve the herd.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of management of cognitive barriers in educational activity of students with field-independent and field-dependent styles

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-65
Author(s):  
Ngo Thi Nga
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Cognitive Difficulties ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Field Dependent

The survey is dedicated to the identification of cognitive barriers in educational and professional activities among students with field-dependent and field-independent styles of cognitive activity. For these purposes, we used the principle of taxonomy proposed by B. Bloom (“the taxonomy of the levels of knowledge of Benjamin Blum”), as well as the “Gottschaldt figures” technique. The results show that the cognitive style is a factor influencing the level of cognitive difficulties.

Convolution Estimates and Generalized de Leeuw Theorems for Multipliers of Weak Type (1,1)

1995 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-245
Author(s):  
Nakhlé Asmar ◽  
Earl Berkson ◽  
T. A. Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Abelian Group ◽  
Weak Type ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Locally Compact Abelian Group ◽  
Strong Type ◽  
Locally Compact ◽  
Linearization Methods ◽  
Maximal Theorem ◽  
Abstract Setting ◽  
Central Result

AbstractIn the context of a locally compact abelian group, we establish maximal theorem counterparts for weak type (1,1) multipliers of the classical de Leeuw theorems for individual strong multipliers. Special methods are developed to handle the weak type (1,1) estimates involved since standard linearization methods such as Lorentz space duality do not apply to this case. In particular, our central result is a maximal theorem for convolutions with weak type (1,1) multipliers which opens avenues of approximation. These results complete a recent series of papers by the authors which extend the de Leeuw theorems to a full range of strong type and weak type maximal multiplier estimates in the abstract setting.

scholarly journals A note on weighted maximal inequalities

1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-205
Author(s):  
Qinsheng Lai
Keyword(s):  
Maximal Operator ◽  
Weak Type ◽  
Strong Type ◽  
Maximal Inequalities ◽  
Littlewood Maximal Operator

In this paper, we obtain some characterizations for the weighted weak type (1, q) inequality to hold for the Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator in the case 0<q<1; prove that there is no nontrivial weight satisfying one-weight weak type (p, q) inequalities when 0<p≠q< ∞, and discuss the equivalence between the weak type (p, q) inequality and the strong type (p, q) inequality when p≠q.

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