scholarly journals Portugal como Estado-Pivô ecuménico da União Europeia: O caso das cimeiras internacionais nas presidências portuguesas

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-76
Author(s):  
Pedro Emanuel Mendes ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
External Relations ◽  
International Image ◽  
Central Argument ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

This article develops an analysis of the impact of the historical ecumenical pattern of portuguese foreign policy on the European Union’s external relations. Its main objective is to identify Portugal’s influence on developing the European Union’s (eu) external relations, namely the holding of international summits in the framework of the portuguese eu presidencies. The article is structured in two main parts. First, the article theorises Portugal’s role as a Pivot State in the eu’s external relations, underlining Portugal’s current foreign policy’s identity and normative characteristics. Secondly, the article presents an analysis of Portugal’s role in the organisation of international summits. Its central argument concerns the explanation of Portugal’s contribution to the eu in terms of European foreign policy, namely in the sophistication of the eu’s external relations and its international image.

Thematic Priorities For Sustainable Development of Ukraine-Romania Cross-Border Cooperation (The Case Study of Chernivtsi Region)

2020 ◽  
pp. 205-219
Author(s):  
Valentyna Bohatyrets ◽  
Liubov Melnychuk ◽  
Yaroslav Zoriy
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Strategic Orientations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Cross Border Cooperation ◽  
The Eu

This paper seeks to investigate sustainable cross-border cooperation (CBC) as a distinctive model of interstate collaboration, embedded in the neighboring borderland regions of two or more countries. The focus of the research revolves around the establishment and further development of geostrategic, economic, cultural and scientific capacity of the Ukrainian-Romanian partnership as a fundamental construct in ensuring and strengthening the stability, security and cooperation in Europe. This research highlights Ukraine’s aspirations to establish, develop and diversify bilateral good-neighborly relations with Romania both regionally and internationally. The main objective is to elucidate Ukraine-Romania cross-border cooperation initiatives, inasmuch Ukraine-Romania CBC has been stirring up considerable interest in terms of its inexhaustible historical, cultural and spiritual ties. Furthermore, the similarity of the neighboring states’ strategic orientations grounds the basis for development and enhancement of Ukraine-Romania cooperation. The authors used desk research and quantitative research to conclude that Ukraine-Romania CBC has the impact not only on the EU and on Ukraine multi-vector foreign policy, but it also has the longer-term global consequences. In the light of the current reality, the idea of introducing and reinforcing the importance of Cross-Border Cooperation (CBC) sounds quite topical and relevant. This research considers a number of explanations for Ukraine-Romania Cross-Border Cooperation as a key element of the EU policy towards its neighbors. Besides, the subject of the research is considered from different perspectives in order to show the diversity and complexity of the Ukraine-Romania relations in view of the fact that sharing common borders we are presumed to find common solutions. As the research has demonstrated, the Ukraine-Romania cross border cooperation is a pivotal factor of boosting geostrategic, economic, political and cultural development for each participant country, largely depending on the neighboring countries’ cohesion and convergence. Significantly, there is an even stronger emphasis on the fact that while sharing the same borders, the countries share common interests and aspirations for economic thriving, cultural exchange, diplomatic ties and security, guaranteed by a legal framework. The findings of this study have a number of important implications for further development and enhancement of Ukraine-Romania cooperation. Accordingly, the research shows how imperative are the benefits of Romania as a strategic partner for outlining top priorities of Ukraine’s foreign policy.

Extending the Reach of EU Law

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marise Cremona
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
External Action ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
External Relations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
External Power ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Eu

This chapter explores the ways in which the EU uses its external relations powers and its wide range of external instruments to extend the reach of EU law, and the ways in which law shapes the EU’s external action. It examines three dimensions of the relationship between law and external action: first, the role law plays in the construction of the EU’s international presence as a ‘Union of values’; second, the use of law by the EU as a way of conducting its foreign policy and constructing its relationships; third, the EU as a regulatory actor engaged in shaping, importing and promoting international legal norms. These dynamics illustrate different aspects of the notion of the global reach of EU law and in so doing they raise questions about the ambivalent role that law plays in these processes, challenging our understanding of law as the foundation of the EU’s external power and the instrument through which, and in accordance with which, it expresses that power.

scholarly journals Electoral process in Africa: The impact of COVID-19 and challenges for the EU

European View ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-221
Author(s):  
Héla Slim
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
African Union ◽  
Electoral Process ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Eu Foreign Policy ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The COVID-19 pandemic is having a considerable impact on global economic and intercontinental geopolitical relations, and is thus significantly reshaping our world. The coronavirus crisis is also affecting democracy and the electoral process in Africa, with important implications for the rule of law, democracy and security. While 2020 started as a pivotal year for African Union–EU relations, the coronavirus has disrupted the agenda and raises questions about the repercussions of the pandemic on not only EU foreign policy but also cooperation between the two continents.

Spain and Crisis: Political Aspects

2013 ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
E. Cherkasova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Structural Reforms ◽  
Spanish Economy ◽  
Protest Movements ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The article considers the causes and the nature of the economic crisis which was a heavy blow for Spanish economy being in need of structural reforms. The domestic political consequences of the crisis included the change of government, the emergence of new protest movements and strengthening of separatism. Under the Brussels' pressure, Spain was forced to make significant adjustments to its national anti-crisis strategy which had a high social price. Particular attention is given to relations with the EU and the impact of the crisis on the country's foreign policy.

Poland's foreign policy since 1989: the challenges of independence

2000 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Meiklejohn Terry
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
Eu Enlargement ◽  
Policy Agenda ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
Central European ◽  
External Relations ◽  
Polish Foreign ◽  
The Eu

In its first decade of post-communist independence, Poland achieved far more than most dared believe in 1989. Despite domestic political and economic turmoil, it has joined Europe as a new member of NATO and a prospective member of the EU. This article traces the evolution of Polish foreign policy since 1989 over four time periods: First, the early uncertainties from 1989 to 1992 when Warsaw — caught between a reunifying Germany and a collapsing USSR — was intent on solidifying its relations with Central European neighbors. Second, the watershed year of 1993, which witnessed changes in every aspect of Poland's external relations — the demise of Visegrad, first moves toward NATO and EU enlargement, the emergence of serious tensions in Warsaw's relations with the East, especially Russia. Third, the years in the anterooms of Europe from 1994 to 1996, when Poland and its central European neighbors lobbied for early accession to the EU and NATO, while relations with Russia remained in the deep freeze. And fourth, the period since 1997, in which Warsaw has been negotiating its “return to Europe”, joining NATO in 1999 and actively pursuing membership in the EU. These gains have not come quickly or easily; rather, they demonstrate a hard earned consistency in Poland's foreign policy agenda, despite numerous changes in domestic politics, as well as an increasingly realistic vision of the country's place in post-Cold War Europe.

scholarly journals The COVID-19 pandemic as a factor of China’s foreign and domestic policies

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-80
Author(s):  
L. Gamza ◽  
E. Zaklyazminskaya
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chinese Foreign Policy ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Domestic Policies ◽  
Economic Stabilization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The article analyzes the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Chinese foreign and domestic policies during 2020. The main provisions, approaches, and dynamics of Chinese foreign policy in its key regional directions – towards the United States, European Union, the Asia-Pacific region, Russia, and some developing countries – are considered. Against the background of China’s domestic success in suppressing the COVID-19 infection, Beijing also intentionally uses the coronavirus agenda to boost the nation’s foreign policy that is increasingly acquiring global character. As the China-U.S. relations remained in poor shape, the Chinese foreign policy has continued to shift its focus towards the EU and the Asia-Pacific region with the purpose of stepping up economic cooperation with these regions. The authors explore in detail the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on China’s economy and the key measures taken by the authorities to ensure economic stabilization and steady progress. These measures aim at searching for a new model of development based and centered on the domestic market. The effectiveness of these new approaches has so far allowed China to cope with the pandemic with minimum losses, as compared with other large countries, and to maintain positive dynamics of its development.

DESTABILIZING EUROPE: RUSSIA’S HYBRID WARFARE

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-29
Author(s):  
Borys Parakhonsky ◽  
Galina Yavorska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Security ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Security ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Security Environment ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The European Union is in a political and security crisis. The crisis tends to become existential, which undermines the future of the EU as an integration project. The conflict of values between liberal democracy and authoritarianism is becoming an important factor in international security. Negative current trends in the international security environment increase risks for the EU. In its foreign policy the EU does not demonstrate the ability to speak with one voice. It does not support EU’s ambition to be a global international actor. Within the EU, centrifugal tendencies and Euroscepticism appear to be gaining ground. Among the destructive external and internal factors affecting European security, the hybrid threat posed by Moscow’s ambitious plans and aggressive actions is at the forefront. These actions are aimed at undermining democracies, international solidarity and security. Russia is systematically acting to destabilize the EU, using a set of means of destructive influence, trying to undermine European unity both externally and internally. Russia’s aggression against Ukraine, operations in Syria and Libya, interference in domestic processes in the EU, etc., are exacerbating destructive trends in the European security environment. In this con- text, the EU faces the need to increase its resilience, as a tool to deter destructive actions of the Russian Federation and a means to mitigate their effect. The purpose of the article is to analyze the causes and consequences of Russia’s  hybrid influence against the EU, plus to identify the means of Russia’s destructive impact, such as the spread of misinformation, active special operations, energy pressure, etc. The article examines the imperatives of Russian foreign policy, the impact of the value crisis on the European project and its future, as well as obstacles to strategic dialogue between the EU and Russia. Europe returns to searching for its collective European identity, discussing revitalization of the global European narrative. Maintaining a system of liberal democratic values is a key precondition for the future of the EU in order to avoid the risk of disintegration of the European Union. Sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine, its national security could be guaranteed only by full-fledged integration into the European political, economic and security space. Europe’s hesitations regarding the European perspective for Ukraine, which arise under pressure from the Kremlin and internal contradictions in the EU, negatively affect the security environment  in Europe.

Integration Processes in the Visegrad Group Countries: the Concept of Central Europe

2014 ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
M. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Sociopolitical Development ◽  
Internal Environment ◽  
Central European ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Visegrad Group ◽  
The Eu

This article tries to examine the ways of Central European discourse construction and its transformation after the Visegrad Group members accession to the EU; to find the external and internal environment for this group; to analyze the impact of the concept of Central Europe on intensity of the V4 members interaction; to discover the features of their foreign policy and mechanisms of regional cooperation; to correlate the processes of sociopolitical development in this countries with pan-European deepening and widening integration vectors.

The Impact of Enlargement: Europeanization of Polish Foreign Policy? Tracking Adaptation and Change in the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Pomorska
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Institutional Culture ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
Everyday Practices ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Polish Foreign ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThis article analyses the process of adaptation of the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) to EU membership and participation in CFSP, both before and after EU accession. It addresses changes in organizational structure, but also in institutional culture and everyday practices. Despite the initial ambiguity, Polish decision-makers tend to perceive CFSP as an opportunity rather than a constraint on national foreign policy. It is argued that the turning point of the Europeanization process took place in 2003, when Poland became an active observer to the EU and its diplomats were allowed to attend meetings inside the Council. The article also identifies and analyses the gaps in experience and knowledge between the diplomats posted to Brussels and those that stayed in Warsaw. Finally, it examines the various challenges that EU membership held for the MFA and how they have been dealt with so far.

scholarly journals ON INTEGRATION OPTIONS OF UKRAIN FOREIGN POLICY

2013 ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
K. P. Borishpolets ◽  
S. I. Chernyavskiy
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Integration Policy ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Optimal Balance ◽  
Regional Imbalance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Industrial Groups ◽  
The Eu

The article evaluates the impact of domestic political regional imbalance and inter-elite divisions of Ukraine in its choice of guidelines for integration. The main sphere of Ukrainian economy is controlled by more than ten financial industrial groups that actively lobby their interests in the policy. The Ukrainian elite is far from establishing the optimal balance between “Western” and “Eastern” vectors of integration cooperation. We believe that the reduction of tension between «Western» and «Eastern» vectors of integration policy of Ukraine in the short term is unlikely. Apparently, the choice in favour of rapprochement with the EU has already been made. But the peculiarity of this choice is the lack of completeness, the more that the question of who and in what volume will be able to sponsor a «European path» of the Ukrainian elite remains open

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