Pluralism and Tolerance

Author(s):  
Gudrun Krämer

Pluralism and tolerance are considered constitutive elements of good governance, especially liberal democracy as it developed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. For this reason they are widely debated among modern Muslims, including Islamists of various persuasions. This chapter focuses largely on modern debates. Pluralism and tolerance are clearly related and both cover a broad semantic field. They concern relations within the Muslim community, as well as between Muslims and non-Muslims, and are closely tied to understandings of freedom, liberty, and citizenship. However, there is a difference of emphasis between the two: Pluralism is discussed mostly with regard to the Muslim community, or umma, especially concerning the plurality of political views and interests and their institutionalization within civil society and a multiparty system. Discussions of tolerance, on the other hand, tend to focus on relations between Muslims and non-Muslims—more specifically Christians and Jews as the prime representatives of the People of the Book (ahl al-kitāb)—within a Muslim polity, or within an Islamic state.

Hukum Islam ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Maswir Maswir

AbstractIslamic law is an inseparable part of Islamic teachings, Islamic law is the solution in all life. Because of all the rules that come from God, the purpose is for the benefit of all the people of Russia. However, in its implementation there are still many problems that arise because of the application of Islamic law itself cannot be applied as a whole. Meanwhile, Muslims are scattered in various parts of the world that are not all in the form of an Islamic state. Of course this raises a big problem, because on the one hand of Islam commands that Muslims implement Islamic law in kaphah, on the other hand there are Islamic teachings that cannot be implemented without the involvement of state institutions.AbstrakHukum Islam merupakan bagian yang tak terpisahkan dari ajaran Islam, Hukum Islam merupakan solusi dalam segala kehidupan. Dikarenakan segala aturan yang berasal dari Allah swt tujuannya adalah untuk kemaslahatan seluruh umat amnusia. Akan tetapi dalam implementasinya masih banyak menimbulkan persoalan disebakan penerapan hukum Islam itu sendiri belum bisa diterapkan secara menyeluruh. Sementara itu, umat Islam tersebar di berbagai penjuru dunia yang tidak semua dalam bentuk negara Islam. Tentu saja hal ini menimbulkan persoalan besar, karena pada satu sisi Islam memerintahkan agar umat Islam melaksanakan syariat Islam secara kâffah, di sisi lain ada ajaran-ajaran Islam yang tidak dapat dilaksanakan tanpa keterlibatan institusi negara.


2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-342
Author(s):  
Salma Salma ◽  
Burhanuddin Burhanuddin

Masyarakat matrilineal Minangkabau adalah komunitas Muslim yang unik di Sumatera Barat. Islam yang kebanyakannya mengusung ide patrilineal bertemu/berhadapan dengan adat Minang yang mengusung ide matrilineal. Pada awal abad ke-19, para peneliti telah memprediksi bahwa komunitas masyarakat matrilineal Minangkabau akan mengalami perubahan mendasar dan bahkan ada yang mengatakan punah seiring perkembangan zaman. Setelah hampir satu abad berlalu, masyarakat matrilineal Minangkabau, meskipun mengalami perubahan dan pergeseran tetapi komunitas itu masih tetap ada di tengah masyarakat dalam tradisi-tradisi matriarkhal yang hidup dan terus berkembang seperti tradisi rompak paga di Luhak Lima Puluh Kota. Dalam tradisi ini, setiap laki-laki dari luar nagari atau luhak yang ingin menikahi perempuan di Luhak Lima Puluh Kota harus membayar sejumlah uang, emas atau benda berharga lain kepada ninik mamak perempuan atas nama adat. Pada satu sisi, adat rompak paga dilaksanakan untuk memelihara eksistensi kuasa/ kewenangan mamak terhadap kemenakan perempuannya di samping mengukuhkan identitas lelaki pendatang di dalam keluarga besar calon isterinya. Pada sisi lain, ‘urf memandang rompak paga itu sebagai tradisi yang hidup dan tidak menyalahi ketentuan syari’at, logis, telah berlangsung sangat lama dan terus-menerus, serta dipraktekkan oleh umumnya masyarakat Luhak Lima Puluh Kota.(The people of matriliny Minangkabau is an unique Muslim community in West Sumatera. Islam carrying the idea of patriliny is facing with Minangkabau custom carrying the idea of matriliny. In the earlier of 19 century, many researchers have predicted that the community of matriliny Minangkabau would be basically changed and even being extinct pass through the new era. More than ten decades passed away, the community of matriliny Minangkabau, although had been changing in several way but still going forward and keeping the traditions of matriarchal which are living and growing such as tradition of rompak paga in Luhak Lima Puluh Kota. In the tradition, every man who comes from out of the nagari or Luhak Lima Puluh Kota and wants to marry a woman in the Luhak has to pay some money, gold or other property to ninik mamak (leader of the clan) of the woman in the name of adat (custom). The tradition of rompak paga is applying to keep the existence of ninik mamak authority to his nieces, beside to strengthen the identity of outsider to the big family of the bride. On the other hand, ‘urf appraised the tradition of rompak paga as a living tradition and not be in contradiction with Islamic sharia, logic and on going continually)


Metahumaniora ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 306
Author(s):  
Asri Soraya Afsari

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji perbandingan kepercayaan masyarakat Talagadi Majalengka dan masyarakat Nagoya di Jepang. Kepercayaan yang dimaksud dalampenelitian ini adalah kepercayaan yang berhubungan dengan tabu atau pamali dankepercayaan yang berhubungan dengan keberuntungan pada kedua masyarakat tersebut.Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut digunakan metode deskripstif kualitatif. Dalam memupudata digunakan metode lapangan karena peneliti terjun langsung ke masyarakat. Disamping itu, digunakan pula metode survey melalui penyebaran daftar kuesioner. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk kepercayaan yang berhubungan dengan tabu ataupamali pada masyarakat Talaga dan Nagoya meliputi kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh manusia.Adapun kepercayaan yang berhubungan dengan keberuntungan pada kedua masyarakattersebut berkaitan dengan binatang, benda, dan kegiatan manusia. Sampai saat ini baikmasyarakat Talaga maupun Nagoya masih memegang teguh kepercayaan tersebut.Kata kunci: kepercayaan, Talaga, Nagoya, deskriptif kualitatif, komparasi budaya.AbstractThe aim of this research is to review the comparison of belief between the society ofTalaga in Majalengka and the society of Nagoya in Japan. The intended belief on this study isthe one related with a taboo or pamali, and the belief correlated to luck on both societies. Inachieving the goal, this research uses a descriptive qualitative method. To get the data, thewriter uses a field method that he (/she) directly involves with the people. On the other hand,the writer also uses a survey method by distributing questioners. The result shows that the beliefcorrelated with the taboo or pamali of Talaga and Nagoya societies covers the activities doneby human. Also with the belief related to luck of both societies corresponds to animals, things,and human’s activities. Until now, either Talaga society or Nagoya’s still keeps those beliefs.Keyword: belief, Talaga, Nagoya, descriptive qualitative, cultural comparison.


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 171-174
Author(s):  
Tarare Toshida ◽  
Chaple Jagruti

The covid-19 resulted in broad range of spread throughout the world in which India has also became a prey of it and in this situation the means of media is extensively inϑluencing the mentality of the people. Media always played a role of loop between society and sources of information. In this epidemic also media is playing a vital role in shaping the reaction in ϑirst place for both good and ill by providing important facts regarding symptoms of Corona virus, preventive measures against the virus and also how to deal with any suspect of disease to overcome covid-19. On the other hand, there are endless people who spread endless rumours overs social media and are adversely affecting life of people but we always count on media because they provide us with valuable answers to our questions, facts and everything in need. Media always remains on top of the line when it comes to stop the out spread of rumours which are surely dangerous kind of information for society. So on our side we should react fairly and maturely to handle the situation to keep it in the favour of humanity and help government not only to ϑight this pandemic but also the info emic.


Author(s):  
Donant Alananto Iskandar ◽  
Siti Dewi Sri Ratna Sari

This study aims to find out the effect of event and publicity towards brand awareness on Indonesia Financial Service Authority, usually called with its abbreviation OJK. The research background is because OJK was newly established as a financial service authority, replacing Bank Indonesia. Therefore, exploring the awareness of the people about the function of OJK is interesting to be a research subject.This method used in this study is the quantitative method with 82 samples as the questionnaire respondents. The population chosen was an OJK’s event held at LPPI and Indonesia Banking School with 122 participants. Validity, reliability, normality, multicollinearity, heteroskedasticity, correlation, determination, regression, hypothesis and ANOVA tests are used as a statistical approach in order to define the outcome of the survey. The results of this study are both event and publicity have a positive and a significant influence towards brand awareness partially and simultaneously. As the conclusion, OJK should continue its programs. On the other hand, OJK should find another public relations strategy to accelerate people awareness about the duties of OJK. Keywords: Event, Publicity, Brand Awareness


Author(s):  
Matthew H. Kramer
Keyword(s):  

Most critiques of edificatory perfectionism concentrate on the detrimental effects that will be undergone by the people whose lives the edificatory perfectionists are seeking to improve. Chapter 6 shifts the focus to the officials who formulate and implement the policies that produce such effects. On the one hand, Rawlsians and other contractualists quite rightly demur at the disrespect that is shown by edificatory perfectionists toward the putative beneficiaries of the measures which the perfectionists advocate. On the other hand, the contractualists largely neglect to take account of the ways in which the edificatory-perfectionist measures degrade the whole system of governance wherein they occur. Chapter 6 highlights that degradingness as it draws attention to the quidnunc mentality that is evinced by the officials who adopt and administer the laws for which the edificatory perfectionists have called.


1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Orme

During the last hundred years our knowledge of the educational institutions of medieval England has steadily increased, both of schools and universities. We know a good deal about what they taught, how they were organised and where they were sited. The next stage is to identify their relationship with the society which they existed to serve. Whom did they train, to what standards and for what ends? These questions pose problems. They cannot be answered from the constitutional and curricular records which tell us about the structure of educational institutions. Instead, they require a knowledge of the people—the pupils and scholars—who went to the medieval schools and universities. We need to recover their names, to compile their biographies and thereby to establish their origins, careers and attainments. If this can be done on a large enough scale, the impact of education on society will become clearer. In the case of the universities, the materials for this task are available and well known. Thanks to the late Dr A. B. Emden, most of the surviving names of the alumni of Oxford and Cambridge have been collected and published, together with a great many biographical records about them. For the schools, on the other hand, where most boys had their literary education if they had one at all, such data are not available. Except for Winchester and Eton, we do not possess lists of the pupils of schools until the middle of the sixteenth century, and there is no way to remedy the deficiency.


2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Suhail Hussein Al-Fatlawi

<p>Democracy was established in the Greek cities in the fifth century B.C. It is a liberal western system. In this regard, various Islamic countries applied democracy as a political and legal system where the people elect their representatives in the legislative authority in order to put the legal regulations that organize the human behavior.</p>The research included a brief idea about liberal democracy, its history and objectives, the political and legal system in the Islamic state, the dispute among Muslim scholars on the application of democracy in the Islamic states; some Muslim scholars refuse to apply democracy since the legal system in Islam relies on the Holly Qor'an and the Prophet's speeches, which are a biding regulation for Muslims, while other authors believe that Islam accepts democracy and others think that Islam should have its special democracy that differs from the liberal democracy. This paper discussed the political and legal systems that were applied the Islamic state during the history of Islam. Finally the paper presented the most conclusions and recommendations reached by the researcher.


2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-24
Author(s):  
Akmal Hawi

The 19th century to the 20th century is a moment in which Muslims enter a new gate, the gate of renewal. This phase is often referred to as the century of modernism, a century where people are confronted with the fact that the West is far ahead of them. This situation made various responses emerging, various Islamic groups responded in different ways based on their Islamic nature. Some respond with accommodative stance and recognize that the people are indeed doomed and must follow the West in order to rise from the downturn. Others respond by rejecting anything coming from the West because they think it is outside of Islam. These circles believe Islam is the best and the people must return to the foundations of revelation, this circle is often called the revivalists. One of the figures who is an important figure in Islamic reform, Jamaluddin Al-Afghani, a reformer who has its own uniqueness, uniqueness, and mystery. Departing from the division of Islamic features above, Afghani occupies a unique position in responding to Western domination of Islam. On the one hand, Afghani is very moderate by accommodating ideas coming from the West, this is done to improve the decline of the ummah. On the other hand, however, Afghani appeared so loudly when it came to the question of nationality or on matters relating to Islam. As a result, Afghani traces his legs on two different sides, he is a modernist but also a fundamentalist. 


Dialog ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-64
Author(s):  
Suryani Suryani

This paper illustrates how the political dynamics of Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) as a part of civil society in Indonesia in the national political constellation. NU is a concrete example of the people power in the form of civil society whose existence should be noted. As the largest Muslim community in Indonesia, NU was recorded as the entity who contacted and reinforced the concept of civil society in Indonesia earlier than other Muslim modernist communities. NU activists and intellectuals play an earlier role in developing the discourse of civil society since the independence to now compared to Muhammadiyah, HMI alumni, or other Muslim leaders alumni from Masyumi.


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