STRESS REACTION OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS ON CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PESTICIDES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.A Korobov ◽  
◽  
D.O. Morozov ◽  
V.V. Bukreev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Stress Reactions ◽  
Chemical Pesticides ◽  
Moderate Stress

A comparative assessment of the stress reactions of potato, soybean, corn, barley, table beet, sunflower, cucumber, tomato, zucchini, pumpkin on the use of chemical and biological pesticides in field experiments was carried out. It was found that soy, barley and table beet showed a strong stress response to chemical pesticides.Biological pesticides separately and in combination with chemical plant protection products caused mild and moderate stress in the studied cultures.A close correlation was revealed between plant stress from chemical pesticides and changes in crop productivity.

scholarly journals Protection possibilities of agricultural minor crops in the European Union: a case study of soybean, lupin and camelina

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Matyjaszczyk
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Minor Crops ◽  
Chemical Products

Abstract In the central part of the European Union soybean, lupin and camelina are minor agricultural crops. The paper presents analysis of plant protection products availability for those crops in Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, Holland, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia. Data from year 2019 show that availability of products is generally insufficient. For camelina in some countries, there are no chemical products available whatsoever. For lupin and soybean, there are not always products available to control some pest groups. However, the products on the market differ significantly among the member states. The results show that in protection of soybean, lupin and camelina, no single active substance is registered for the same crop in all the analysed member states. In very numerous cases, active substance is registered in one out of eight analysed member states only.

Influence of receptions of the main processing of the soil, fertilizers and means of protection of plants on a contamination, agrophysical properties of the soil and efficiency of barley

10.12737/3832 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-143
Author(s):  
Спичков ◽  
Sergey Spichkov ◽  
Фомин ◽  
Vladimir Fomin
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Soil Treatment ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Subsurface Treatment ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Sowing Seed

The field experiments with barley of multiserial Vakula variety were conducted on gray forest soil of Kama region of theRepublic of Tatarstan. This experiment was carried out to identify the responsiveness of barley for fertilizers, methods of the basic soil cultivation and plant protection products. On average over three years of our research, the highest yield of barley (3.95 tons per hectare) was obtained in the flattered soil tillage and carrying out the calculated fertilizernorm in the way, when we used the seed protectant Stinger for pre- treatment of the soil. The yield was a little lower (3.88 tons per hectare), when we used Binoram for pre-sowing seed treatment, Albit was in the third place (3.80 tons per hectare), the fourth - Rizoagrin (3.65 tons per hectare), and the fifth - control (3.42 tons per hectare). The lowest barley yield (2.46 tons per hectare) were obtained on the background when not fertilized subsoiling tillage without the use of plant protection products. The use of seeds for incrustation, treated by Stinger chemical fungicide, increased the yield to 4.0 centner per hectare, compared with the control. When we used moldboard plowing, the yield declined in control to 4.7 centner per hectare and at fertilizered background to 4.9 centner per hectare, and at KSN soil treatment to3-5.3 centner per hectare. In arid 2010 the highest barley harvest was obtained at KSN-3 soil treating, on the second place is subsurface treatment and the third is plowing. Modern energy-saving methods of the basic soil cultivation, treating the calculated norms of fertilizers and use of plant protection products contribute to the production of planned productivity, saving fuel and lubricants, but they are unable to maintain phytosanitary conditions in barley fields within economic threshold. Taking inro account above-mentioned and the current state of agriculture in the steppe of the Volga region, it is necessary to alternate basic soil treatment methods, application of calculated norms of fertilizers and use protectants and biofungicides for pre-sowing treatment, considering fitoekzamination of seeds.

scholarly journals On some results of agroecological monitoring of soils and land resources of the Russian Federation in 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (46) ◽  
pp. 10-10
Author(s):  
Alexander Saakian ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Chemical Indicators ◽  
Physico Chemical

The article presents the results of long-term agroecological monitoring of the state of Russian land resources: the dynamics of changes in agrochemical and physico-chemical indicators, the content of organic matter and elements of mineral nutrition of plants in soils; crop productivity; contamination of soils and products with residual amounts of pesticides, oil and petroleum products, heavy metals, nitrates, radionuclides; the problems of erosion and reclamation of agricultural land are highlighted. Ключевые слова: AGROECOLOGICAL MONITORING, HUMUS, MOBILE PHOSPHORUS, EXCHANGE POTASSIUM, ACIDITY, CHEMICAL RECLAMATION, LIMING, PHOSPHORIZATION, GYPSUM, PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCTS, YIELD, FERTILIZERS, PESTICIDE RESIDUES, OIL AND PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, HEAVY METALS, NITRATES, WATER AND WIND EROSION OF SOILS, LAND RECLAMATION

scholarly journals Crop Management System Based on Digital Technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00188
Author(s):  
A.R. Zakirova ◽  
G.S. Klychova ◽  
A.R. Yusupova ◽  
I.G. Nikitenko ◽  
A.M. Zakirov
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Unmanned Vehicles ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Crop Farming

Crop farming is one of the most important branches of agriculture that ensures the food security of the country. For crop farming development, it is necessary to solve the problems of reducing the quantity and quality of the resulting crop due to insufficient nutrition and care, untimely harvesting and improper storage. To increase the efficiency and sustainability of the industry, it is necessary to digitalize both the production systems and decision-making processes at all levels of management. The study considers the stages of a digital crop management system: accounting for acreage with an electronic field map; organization of crop rotation taking into account organizational, soil-climatic and economic aspects of production; monitoring of technological operations; control of agricultural machinery with the formation of primary documents for accounting for completed works; maintaining a subsystem of material resources using the technic of precision farming; filling in technological maps and accounting for actually completed works with a list of works, the composition of agricultural aggregates, the timing of operations, production rates and fuel consumption, the need for seeds, fertilizers, plant protection products, and the cost of resources. The increased attention to the problem of digital agriculture on the part of the state and the highly competitive environment promote the use of new technological mechanisms and methods of work by agricultural producers, which are based on the use of Internet technologies, satellite navigation, robotics, sensors and sensors, and unmanned vehicles. Digitalization of agricultural processes allows increasing crop productivity, the efficiency of using material resources, equipment and human potential.

scholarly journals Effect of pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds on linear sizes and geometric grain characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
N. G. Vlasenko ◽  
S. V. Burlakova
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
Wheat Seeds

The results of assessing the effect of biological preparations and a seed disinfectant on the technological qualities of grain of soft spring wheat Novosibirskaya 31 are presented. The effectiveness of the use of biological plant protection products was studied in the field experiment, laid down in 2020 in the forest-steppe conditions of the Ob region. Pre-sowing seed treatment included the following options: control (without treatment); Trichodermin, P (Trichoderma viride, titer more than 6 billion spores/g), consumption rate – 15 kg/t seed; Sporobacterin, SP (Bacillus subtilis + Trichoderma viride, strain 4097), consumption rate – 0.5 kg/ton of seeds; Scarlet, ME, chemical standard (imazalil (100 g/l) + tebuconazole (60 g/l), consumption rate – 0.3 l/t of seeds. The use of the preparations contributed to an increase in yield by 0.40 and 0.52 t/ha when using Trichodermin and Sporobacterin, respectively, and by 0.08 t/ha when using fungicide Scarlet. In this case, the mass of 1000 grains increased by 0.84, 0.80 and 0.96 g, respectively, relative to the control. The preparations Trichodermin and Sporobacterin had a significant effect on the growth of grain in length and width relative to the control – by 5.4-6.9 and 9.6%, Scarlet – by 10.6 and 13.9%, respectively. Pre-sowing seed treatment contributed to the growth of such indicators of the caryopsis as volume (by 19.6–29.3%), surface area (by 12.1–19.2%), and sphericity (by 6.3–7.8%). To a greater extent, they increased with the use of fungicide Scarlet. Getting larger grain led to an increase in the endosperm content by 0.76–1.14%. A close correlation has been shown between the indicators of the mass of 1000 grains and the linear grain sizes (r = 0.92–0.98), as well as with the grain volume, sphericity and endosperm content (r = 0.98–0.99). Pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds provides grain with improved technological properties.

scholarly journals Research on the status of chemical pesticide uses in agricultural activities in Phan Me commune, Phu Luong district, Thai Nguyen province

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-141
Author(s):  
Thi Hue Nguyen ◽  
Dinh Nghiem Ha
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Local People ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Agricultural Ecosystem ◽  
Chemical Pesticide ◽  
The Status ◽  
Product Package ◽  
Chemical Pesticides ◽  
Good Attitude

Phan Me is a midland-mountainous commune of Phu Luong district, Thai Nguyen province, Vietnam where the agricultural activities are predominant occupation. The investigation on the use of plant protection products in here showed that chemical pesticides have been commonly used in agricultural activities. Although some local people have a good attitude in using plant protection products, the status of using chemical pesticides that were not recommended (like Vofatox) has been quite popular due to the old cultivation customs. The local people have not applied any measures for wastewater treatment, or plant protection product package treatment. Besides, the use of plant protection products in higher concentration than recommendation for vegetables or crops caused the residues of toxics in agricultural products as well as in cultivation soil. The accumulation of toxic residues in the environment is a serious matter of concern because of their significant impact on the environment, agricultural ecosystem and human health. Phấn Mễ là một xã trung du miền núi của huyện Phú Lương, tỉnh Thái Nguyên, Việt Nam với hoạt động sản xuất nông nghiệp là chủ yếu. Qua thực tế điều tra tình hình sử dụng thuốc bảo vệ thực vật (BVTV) tại đây cho thấy hầu hết các loại hình sản xuất nông nghiệp đều sử dụng thuốc BVTV. Một số người dân đã có ý thức trong việc sử dụng thuốc BVTV tuy nhiên do tập quán canh tác từ lâu đời nên việc sử dụng các loại thuốc bị khuyến cáo, chẳng hạn như Vofatox, vẫn còn khá phổ biến. Người dân chưa tiến hành các biện pháp để xử lý nước thải, bao bì, vỏ chai thuốc BVTV sau khi sử dụng. Bên canh đó, họ còn sử dụng thuốc BVTV không đúng liều lượng cho một số loại cây rau để lại dư lượng thuốc trên nông sản cũng như đất canh tác. Sự tích lũy dư lượng của những chất độc hại này trong môi trường là vấn đề đáng lo ngại do sự ảnh hưởng nghiêm trọng của chúng đối với môi trường sống, hệ sinh thái nông nghiệp và sức khỏe con người.

scholarly journals Features of protection of intertilled crops under irrigation conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 36-45
Author(s):  
Fedir Melnychuk ◽  
Olha Marchenko ◽  
Andrii Shatkovskyi ◽  
Igor Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Systemic Nature ◽  
Irrigation Technologies ◽  
Active Substances

Irrigation not only changes the ecological conditions of cultivation, but also modifies the existing phytopathocenoses and entomocomplexes, exerting a comprehensive and multi-vector effect, which requires significant changes in protection technologies, development of new methods of pest control. It is important to select a modern range of chemicals that can be effectively used in chemicalisation. The purpose of the study is to identify promising active substances of pesticides for drip irrigation and to develop schemes for their application. Field experiments to determine the effectiveness of certain groups of pesticides under drip irrigation were conducted in the Dry Steppe of Ukraine. The application of the studied drugs took place on the drip irrigation system. To plan research on the use of pesticides under drip irrigation, schemes have been developed to protect row crops: corn, tomatoes, and soybeans. Selected active substances, which are described by translaminar and acropetal movement on the plant, have a systemic nature of action and are highly effective when used in drip irrigation technologies. It is considered that one of the important disadvantages of application of plant protection products with irrigation water is the limitation of application periods by irrigation regimes. The highest efficiency against the main pathogens was observed with the combined method of pesticide application according to the developed schemes. This method involves the use of pesticides together with irrigation water and additional chemical treatment with conventional methods of fertilisation during the growing season. For its part, this allows for preventive treatments in a short time and adjust the timing of treatments depending on the phytosanitary situation

scholarly journals Management of the pests in the conventional and biological systems for pea growing

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (29) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Vinelina Yankova ◽  
◽  
Dima Markova ◽  
Slavka Kalapchieva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Pest Infestation ◽  
Growing Conditions

Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a valuable grain legume crop, the seeds of which are used for human food and fodder. The seeds are consumed in a mature or green state. The priorities of the peas as a crop are the following: it is a legume, which enriches the soil with nitrogen; peas are the best possible precursor - clears the areas early; non-particular to soil and growing conditions; high protein content crop. However, the growing process of this crop could be worse by various pests that lead to product quality decay or they could even destroy the pea production. Economically important pests in field cultivation of peas are: pea aphid (Acyrthosyphon pisum Harris), pea weevil (Bruchus pisi L.) and pea moths (Laspeyresia nigricana Step. and Laspeyresia dorsana L.). Field experiments on pea variety Paldin were conducted at the Maritsa Vegetable Crops Research Institute, Plovdiv to determine the effectiveness of different plant protection products against a natural background of pest infestation. The biological activity of the insecticides Deca EC 50 ml/da (a. i. deltamethrin), Oasis 5 EC 25 ml/da (a. i. esfenvalerate), Piretro Natura 75 ml/da (a. i. pyrethrins), Neem Azal T/C 0.3% (a. i. azadirachtin), Naturalis 100 ml/da (a. i. Beauveria bassiana), Dipel 2 X 100 g/da (a. i. Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki strain ABTS) and Rapax 100 ml/da (a. i. Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, strain EG 2348) against the main pests of peas in conventional and biological production systems was established.

scholarly journals Enhancing the Biodiversity of Insects Pollinators through Flowering Grass Strips

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanko Dimitrov ◽  
Nedyalka Palagacheva ◽  
Rositsa Mladenova ◽  
Plamen Zorovski ◽  
Stoyan Georgiev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Anthidium Manicatum

The extensive use of plant protection products in agricultural practice and obtaining high and top quality yields results in decline of a major part of the natural regulators and the insects-pollinators. The reduction in their numbers in agricultural areas poses a threat for the pollination of entomophilous plants on global scale. The objective of this study was to establish areas of flowering varieties of grass mixes, ensuring proper habitats and food source for the pollinators of agricultural crops. The tests showed that the plant varieties in the grass mixes blossomed in the period April to June (1.5-2 months), providing varying species of pollinators, depending on the plants species. In the different-coloured layers of the grass mixtures: white, purple and yellow, the following pollinators were determined: Apis mellifera L., Megachile sp., Halictus scabiosae Rossi, Lasioglossum xanthopus Kirby, Melita leporita, Andrena flavipes Panzer., Macropis europaeae Warn., Anthidium manicatum L., Ceratina cucurbitina Rossi and Ceratina sp.

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