scholarly journals PRECEDENT PHENOMENA IN RUSSIAN ROCK POETRY: TYPOLOGY AND SPECIFICS OF THEIR USAGE (ON THE MATERIAL OF THE SONG’S TEXTS BY N. A. O’SHEA)

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Светлана Витальевна Чайковская
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Cultural Experience ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Rock Group ◽  
Proper Nouns ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Song Texts

Введение. Рассматриваются типология и функциональные возможности прецедентных феноменов в песенных текстах автора Н. А. О’Шей – лидера фолк-рок-группы «Мельница». Цель исследования – выявление типов прецедентных феноменов, используемых в песенных текстах Н. А. О’Шей, и анализ особенностей их функционирования. Материал и методы. Материалом исследования служат песенные тексты, автором которых является Н. А. О’Шей – лично или в соавторстве. Источником фактического материала являются альбомы рок-группы «Мельница» разных лет. Эмпирическая база исследования сформирована с помощью приема сплошной выборки. В ходе изучения используются описательный метод и метод контекстуального анализа. Результаты и обсуждение. В анализируемых песенных текстах Н. А. О’Шей использует прецедентные феномены разных типов. Частотными являются прецедентные имена – имена собственные мифологических существ (скандинавское божество Один), исторических лиц (полководец Тамерлан, музыканты Фредди Меркьюри и Элвис Пресли, писатель и летчик А. де Сент-Экзюпери) и литературных персонажей (Тристан и Изольда). Обращение к тем или иным прецедентным именам может определяться тематикой, композицией или авторской концепцией песни или альбома, интересом автора к определенной личности. Прецедентные высказывания являются частью культурного опыта поэтессы; она органично включает цитаты из разных источников (в их исходном или трансформированном виде) в состав песенных текстов, заставляет их работать на реализацию той или иной идеи. Прецедентные тексты служат основой для создания авторской легенды. Использование отдельных авторских названий порождает у слушателей различные ассоциации, придает композициям культурную значимость. Заключение. Прецедентные феномены выполняют в песенных текстах Н. А. О’Шей две основные функции: текстообразующую и смыслопорождающую. Introduction. The article considers typology and functional potential of precedent phenomena in song`s texts by N.A. O`Shea – a leader of the folk-rock group «Melnitsa». Aim and objectives. The aim of research is the identification of types of precedent phenomena used in the song`s texts by N. A. O’Shea and analysis of their functional features. The object of research is precedent phenomena of different types. Material and methods. Material of research is the song texts of which N.A. O`Shea is the author (personally or coauthored). The source of factual material is the albums of the rock group “Melnitsa” of different years. Empirical base of research is a result of usage of continuous sampling technique. During the study the author of the article the descriptive method and method of contextual analysis. Results and discussion. In the analysed texts N. A. O’Shea uses precedent phenomena of different types. The precedent names are frequency. They represent proper nouns of mythological creature (Scandinavian deity Odin), historical persons (warlord Tamerlane, musicians Freddy Mercury and Elvis Presley, writer and pilot A. de Saint-Exupéry) and literary characters (Tristan and Isolde). Such factors as a theme of the compositions or concept of the song or album, author`s interest in certain personality and respect for one’s dictate appeal to one or another precedent phenomenon. Precedent statements are the parts of cultural experience of poetess, she organically incorporates quotes from different sources (in their original form or transformed) in the song texts, makes them work for implementation of author`s idea. Precedent texts are the basis for creation of author`s legend. Some precedent titles induce particular associations by listeners; give cultural significance to the compositions. Conclusion. Precedent phenomena have two main functions in the song texts authorship of N. A. O’Shea: a function of creation of text modeling and meaning-forming function.

TO THE PROBLEM OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS REFLECTION IN DICTIONARIES OF DIFFERENT TYPES

2020 ◽  
pp. 130-142
Author(s):  
Е.М. Григорьева
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
English Language ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Translation Equivalent ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Individual Source ◽  
Graphic Illustration ◽  
Characteristic Features

Постановка задачи. Статья посвящена детальному анализу фразеологизмов английского языка различных тематических групп и особенностям их регистрации в англо-английских и англо-русском словарях и справочных пособиях. Рассматривается ряд характеристик, которые отличают фразеологические единицы от свободных словосочетаний. Кроме того, исследуется вопрос включения пословиц в состав фразеологического фонда того или иного языка. Впоследствии отобранные методом сплошной выборки фразеологические единицы классифицируются по различным основаниям, а также проводится детальный анализ особенностей их отражения в представленных изданиях. Результаты. Осуществляется классификация фразеологизмов по следующим категориям: функция в коммуникации, определяемая их структурно-семантическими особенностями, а также тематическое деление. Отдельно рассматриваются фразеологизмы-эвфемизмы, относящиеся к нескольким тематическим группам, среди которых смерть, ругательства и беременность. Выделяются и описываются характерные особенности организации микроструктуры (словарной статьи) каждого отдельно взятого издания. Выводы. На основании проведенного анализа регистрации английских фразеологизмов сделаны выводы о том, что данная лексика получает подробное и точное отражение в справочниках. Проведенный анализ теоретической литературы показал правомерность включения пословиц во фразеологический фонд, поскольку они принадлежат к культурному наследию того или иного народа и воспроизводятся в речи в исходной форме. Тип и адресат справочника определяют особенности организации словарной статьи, а также компоненты, которые входят в нее (дефиниция, переводной эквивалент, иллюстративный пример, грамматическая, стилистическая, региональная и этимологическая пометы, графическая иллюстрация). Statement of the problem. The article is devoted to a detailed analysis of the phraseological units of the English language of various thematic groups and the features of their registration in the English-English and English-Russian dictionaries and reference books. Features that distinguish phraseological units from free phrases are studied. More than that, the question of belonging proverbs to phraseological stock is studied. Then phraseological units selected by the continuous sampling method are classified according to different grounds, and a detailed analysis of the features of their reflection in the analyzed sources is carried out. Results. Phraseological units are classified into some categories according to the following criteria: function in communication, determined by their structural and semantic features and thematic division. Phraseological units-euphemisms related to several thematic groups, including death, curse words and pregnancy are studied. The characteristic features of microstructure organization of each individual source are described. Conclusion. The analysis of English phraseological units registration showed that this lexis is reflected in dictionaries in a proper way. Theoretical literature analysis shows justification of proverbs inclusion into phraseological stock as they are a part of national cultural heritage and are reproduced in speech in the basic form. Further, the author comes to a conclusion that dictionary type and addressee of the reference book determine features of microstructure organization and their components (definition, translation equivalent, illustrative example, grammar, stylistic, regional and etymological labels, graphic illustration).

scholarly journals MiRNA Expression in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of Frequent Localizations

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Alexandra Korotaeva ◽  
Danzan Mansorunov ◽  
Natalya Apanovich ◽  
Anna Kuzevanova ◽  
Alexander Karpukhin
Keyword(s):  
Mirna Expression ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Clinical Biomarkers ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
First Time ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) are infrequent malignant tumors of a neuroendocrine nature that arise in various organs. They occur most frequently in the lungs, intestines, stomach and pancreas. Molecular diagnostics and prognosis of NEN development are highly relevant. The role of clinical biomarkers can be played by microRNAs (miRNAs). This work is devoted to the analysis of data on miRNA expression in NENs. For the first time, a search for specificity or a community of their functional characteristics in different types of NEN was carried out. Their properties as biomarkers were also analyzed. To date, more than 100 miRNAs have been characterized as differentially expressed and significant for the development of NEN tumors. Only about 10% of the studied miRNAs are expressed in several types of NEN; differential expression of the remaining 90% was found only in tumors of specific localizations. A significant number of miRNAs have been identified as potential biomarkers. However, only a few miRNAs have values that characterized their quality as markers. The analysis demonstrates the predominant specific expression of miRNA in each studied type of NEN. This indicates that miRNA’s functional features are predominantly influenced by the tissue in which they are formed.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Substitusi Tepung Kedelai terhadap Kualitas Biskuit

Media Wisata ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heni Susilowati ◽  
Adi Prabowo
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Soy Flour ◽  
P Value ◽  
Homogeneity Test ◽  
Soybean Flour ◽  
Normality Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sensory Tests

The research entitled The Effect of Substitution of Soybean Flour on Biscuit Quality is a type of research using a quantitative approach with an experimental method. The purpose is to know the effect of quality biscuits with soybean flour substitution with a different percentage that is equal to 50%, 25% and 10% viewed from the aspect of colour, flavour, aroma and texture. The experiments used 3 different types of treatment on the percentage of soy flour used ie, biscuit A with 50% soy flour, biscuit B with 25% soy flour, and C biscuits with 10% soy flour. Methods of data collection using subjective assessment of sensory tests taken from the results of a panellist assessment that includes assessment of colour, aroma, taste and texture on biscuits. The panel of researchers was 30 people taken by random sampling technique with considerations that included panellist knowledge about the sensory properties of biscuits in general. Methods of data analysis to test the hypothesis using the analysis of single classification variables and Tukey test, previously conducted precariat test that is homogeneity test and normality test. The result of the research with Anova test seen from the color aspect shows that (significant value (p-value) <0,05 = 0,000 <0,05) shows that there is significant difference from three substitution biscuit substitution biscuit, while from aroma aspect shows significant (p-value) <0,05 = 0,008 <0,05) indicated that there were significant differences from the three soybean substitution biscuit samples. Seen from the texture aspect showed (significant value (p-value) <0,05 = 0,000 <0,05) indicated that there was significant difference from three sample of soybean substitution biscuit. In terms of taste taste (significant value (p-value) <0.05 = 0.005 <0.05) indicates that there are significant differences from the three soybean substitution biscuit samples.

scholarly journals The potential of microdialysis to estimate rifampicin concentrations in the lung of guinea pigs

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245922
Author(s):  
Faye Lanni ◽  
Neil Burton ◽  
Debbie Harris ◽  
Susan Fotheringham ◽  
Simon Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Development ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Tissue Fluid ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
The Impact

Optimised pre-clinical models are required for TB drug development to better predict the pharmacokinetics of anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) drugs to shorten the time taken for novel drugs and combinations to be approved for clinical trial. Microdialysis can be used to measure unbound drug concentrations in awake freely moving animals in order to describe the pharmacokinetics of drugs in the organs as a continuous sampling technique. The aim of this work was to develop and optimise the microdialysis methodology in guinea pigs to better understand the pharmacokinetics of rifampicin in the lung. In vitro experiments were performed before progressing into in vivo studies because the recovery (concentration of the drug in the tissue fluid related to that in the collected dialysate) of rifampicin was dependent on a variety of experimental conditions. Mass spectrometry of the dialysate was used to determine the impact of flow rate, perfusion fluid and the molecular weight cut-off and membrane length of probes on the recovery of rifampicin at physiologically relevant concentrations. Following determination of probe efficiency and identification of a correlation between rifampicin concentrations in the lung and skeletal muscle, experiments were conducted to measure rifampicin in the sacrospinalis of guinea pigs using microdialysis. Lung concentrations of rifampicin were estimated from the rifampicin concentrations measured in the sacrospinalis. These studies suggest the potential usefulness of the microdialysis methodology to determine drug concentrations of selected anti-TB drugs to support new TB drug development.

scholarly journals Russian loanwords from the Hill Mari language and their use by modern native speakers

Litera ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Galina Alekseevna Ertsikova
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
Tv Shows ◽  
The Hill

The subject of this research is the foreign words adopted by native speakers of the Hill Mari language from or through the Russian language. The object of this research is the oral speech of modern native speakers of the Hill Mari language. The goal consists in determination of the role played by the Russian loanwords in the modern Hill Mari speech. The research leans on dialectological materials acquired in the rural areas of Hill Mari District of Republic of Mari El, as well as recording of radiobroadcast &ldquo;Hill Mari Hour&rdquo; and TV shows &ldquo;My Hill Mari Land&rdquo;) in the Hill Mari language, with application of the methods of observation, linguistic descriptions, elements of the comparative method, and continuous sampling technique. This article is first to analyze Russian loanwords in the oral speech of modern Hill Mari people, which defines the scientific novelty. The following conclusions were formulated: the active vocabulary of Hill Mari people have certain words that were adopted by Hill Mari language long ago and &nbsp;perceived by native speakers as foreign words; there is also a range of word familiar to all native speakers, which are the only nomination for designated notions; speech of the people of new generation marks an excessive inappropriate use of foreign words that clutters up the native language, deprives its uniqueness, impedes communication between people, makes it unclear to some people, and results in the formation of improper phrases.

Hazard Identification and Probablistic Scenario Selection for Shipship Collision Accidents

2014 ◽  
Vol 156 (A1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
Probability Density Distribution ◽  
Collision Risk ◽  
Near Misses ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Design Loads ◽  
Ship Collision ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Accident Scenarios

In collision risk-based design frameworks it is necessary to accurately define and select a set of credible scenarios to be used in the quantitative assessment and management of the collision risk between two ships. Prescriptive solutions and empirical knowledge are commonly used in current maritime industries, but are often insufficient for innovation because they can result in unfavourable design loads and may not address all circumstances of accidents involved. In this study, an innovative method using probabilistic approaches is proposed to identify relevant groups of ship-ship collision accident scenarios that collectively represent all possible scenarios. Ship-ship collision accidents and near-misses recently occurred worldwide are collated for the period of 21 years during 1991 to 2012. Collision scenarios are then described using a set of parameters that are treated individually as random variables and analysed by statistical methods to define the ranges and variability to formulate the probability density distribution for each scenario. As the consideration of all scenarios would not be practical, a sampling technique is applied to select a certain number of prospective collision scenarios. Applied examples for different types of vessels are presented to demonstrate the applicability of the method.

Bayesian Probability and Tanimoto Based Recurrent Neural Network for Question Answering System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veeraraghavan Jagannathan
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Recurrent Neural Network ◽  
Question Answering ◽  
Bayesian Probability ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Question Answering System ◽  
Relevant Result ◽  
Proper Nouns ◽  
Different Types

Question Answering (QA) has become one of the most significant information retrieval applications. Despite that, most of the question answering system focused to increase the user experience in finding the relevant result. Due to the continuous increase of web content, retrieving the relevant result faces a challenging issue in the Question Answering System (QAS). Thus, an effective Question Classification (QC), and retrieval approach named Bayesian probability and Tanimoto-based Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) are proposed in this research to differentiate the types of questions more efficiently. This research presented an analysis of different types of questions with respect to the grammatical structures. Various patterns are identified from the questions and the RNN classifier is used to classify the questions. The results obtained by the proposed Bayesian probability and Tanimoto-based RNN showed that the syntactic categories related to the domain-specific types of proper nouns, numeral numbers, and the common nouns enable the RNN classifier to reveal better result for different types of questions. However, the proposed approach obtained better performance in terms of precision, recall, and F-measure with the values of 90.14, 86.301, and 90.936 using dataset-2.

Sampling in Research

2016 ◽  
pp. 107-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Never Mujere
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Sample Size Determination ◽  
Size Determination ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Sampling Errors ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Needed Information ◽  
Different Types

Research is aimed at the discovery and interpretation of facts, revision of accepted theories or laws in the light of new facts or practical application of such new or revised theories or laws. A sample provides needed information about the population quickly. However, there is no guarantee that any sample will be precisely representative of the population from which it comes. It is cheaper to observe a part rather than the whole. This chapter is a discussion on sampling in research and it is mainly designed to equip researchers with knowledge of the general issues to consider when sampling. The purpose of sampling in research, dangers of sampling and how to minimize them, types of sampling and guides for deciding the sample size are discussed. For a clear flow of ideas, a few definitions of the terms used are given. They highlight the types and methods of sampling, sampling errors and discusses techniques of sample size determination. Different types of sampling technique, how to carry them out, and their advantages and disadvantages are also introduced.

Seoul's Deathscapes: Incorporating Tradition into Modern Time – Space

10.1068/a3455 ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1489-1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth K Teather ◽  
Hae Un Rii ◽  
Eun Hye Kim
Keyword(s):  
Confucian Tradition ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Small Space ◽  
Time Space ◽  
The Family ◽  
Space Saving ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Dramatic Shift ◽  
Dome Shape

Honouring the dead at their graveside at appropriate dates is required by Confucian tradition, and has always had significant time – space implications in Korea. Today, with the majority of Koreans now living in cities—a dramatic shift in the last two generations—many still travel to patrilineal ancestral villages to carry out the necessary annual rites in family graveyards established long ago. However, an official campaign to encourage cremation in Seoul was initiated in 1998. A small, space-saving family tomb has been designed to hold the ashes of up to twenty-four family members, and is being promoted at public cemeteries. Fieldwork was carried out into deathscapes in the vicinity of Seoul in late 1999. The paper describes small family graveyards, including one established generations ago and two that have been newly established. It also describes different types of columbaria, two of which employ the traditional dome shape of Korean graves. Discussion focuses on the persistent cultural significance of maintaining ties with patrilineal places of origin. We suggest that this is a valued Confucian dimension of Korean heritage; many are seeking manageable ways to incorporate this dimension in their predominantly urban time – space commitments. From family graveyard to columbarium, there is a progressive divorce from ancestral territory (the family graveyard in the patrilineal village) and from social context (lineage).

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