Influence of Oil Content on Solution Load Ethanol-Soda Delignification of Oil Palm Mesocarp Fiber

Mesocarp fiber palm oil industrial waste can be processed into pulp, but this fiber still contains oil with varying levels. The difference oil content in fiber affects the amount of cooking solution required to make mesocarp waste into pulp. This study consists of two stages, namely the pretreatment stage of oil extraction to obtain variations in oil content in the mesocarp fiber waste and the delignification stage using the NaOH-ethanol solution with the ratio of solids:solvent is varied to 1: 8, 1:10 and 1:12. Oil content of the fiber was analyzed, it is consist of 9,5% oil. To vary the oil content, the fibers are soaked in ethanol at room temperature and the levels drop to 7%. And soaking at 40°C can lower the oil content drop to 2%. The obtained pulp had the largest cellulose content 50.77% from delignified product from fiber with 7.6% oil content and solids:solvent ratio: 1:10. While the lowest lignin that was 7.39% obtained at 2.5% oil content. In the delignification process with ratio 1:12, pulp produced is decreased in cellulose content and from FTIR results it is known that it occurs because of the degraded cellulose during the delignification process.

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Analisis Faktor Produksi Kalapa Sawit Rakyat Menurut Tipologi Lahan di Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir Provinsi Riau

Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal ◽

10.33230/jlso.7.1.2018.366 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Heriyanto Heriyanto ◽

Asrol Asrol ◽

Detri Karya ◽

Verry Yarda Ningsih

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Least Square ◽

Added Value ◽

Dominant Factor ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

The Difference ◽

Cultivation Techniques ◽

Coastal Land

Heriyanto et al, 2018. Analysis of the Production Factors of the People's Palm Oil According to the Land Typology in Indragiri Hilir Regency, Riau Province. JLSO 7(1): Palm oil commodities are one of the plantation sub-sector commodities that increase the income of farmers and the community, provide processing industry raw materials that create added value. The land cultivated by independent oil palm farmers consists of land land, tidal peatlands, coastal peatlands and coastal land. The difference in typology of this land will contribute to different production. The research aimed to analyze the oil palm production and the dominant factor affecting oil palm production according to the typology of land in Indragiri Hilir Riau Province. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and built multiple regression models with the dummy variable method of Ordinary Least Square (OLS). The results of the study showed that the production of oil palm cultivation on land is the highest compared to the typology of tidal peatland, coastal peat and coastal land. The dominant factors affecting palm oil production in Indragiri Hilir Regency were the amount of fertilizer use, labor, age of plants, herbicides and dummy typology of land. In order to obtain optimal production, this study recommended doing oil palm farming in accordance with the correct cultivation techniques in accordance with the characteristics of land typology. Besides that the use of balanced fertilizer (elements of N, P, and K) in accordance with the recommended needed to be applied.

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Effect of Palm Oil Content on Deep Hydrodesulfurization of Gas Oil–Palm Oil Mixtures

Energy & Fuels ◽

10.1021/ef300413f ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 3856-3863 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

A. Vonortas ◽

Ch. Templis ◽

N. Papayannakos

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Oil Content ◽

Gas Oil ◽

Oil Mixtures ◽

Deep Hydrodesulfurization

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Digital Image Processing of Palm Oil Fruits

International Journal of Food Engineering ◽

10.2202/1556-3758.1090 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Thomas S.Y. Choong ◽

Saad Abbas ◽

Abdul Rashid Shariff ◽

Rohaya Halim ◽

Mohd Halim S. Ismail ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Image Processing ◽

Digital Image Processing ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Digital Image ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Oil Content ◽

Direct Relationship ◽

Red Color ◽

Palm Oil Mill ◽

And Control

The oil content of the flesh of mesocarp has direct relationship with color bands red, green and blue. By running intensive experiments, it was found that oil content correlated with the red color band, with a regression value of 0.86. The finding of this study may be useful for determining the ripeness of oil palm for harvesting and for the use in the operation and control of continuous steriliser in palm oil mill.

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Postharvest Fruit Detachment in Oil Palm Bunches with Ethephon and Ethylene Gas Application

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11111030 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 1030

Author(s):

Arutchelvam Balakrishnan ◽

Mohd Ibnur Syawal Zakaria ◽

Bee Aik Tan ◽

Jaime Yoke Sum Low ◽

Shwu Fun Kua ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Free Fatty Acids ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Indirect Method ◽

Production Systems ◽

Oil Quality ◽

Crude Palm Oil ◽

Fresh Fruit Bunches

The processing of oil palm fresh fruit bunches (FFB), together with loose fruits, in the current mill operation contributes to oil loss and high free fatty acids (FFA), affecting crude palm oil quality. Fruit detachment induced by ethephon and ethylene may mitigate the current processing issues. This study shows that a 0.50% (v/v) ethephon application by the evaporation method induced the highest fruit detachment of 30.8 ± 1.1% after 24 h at room temperature, with the FFA content in the extracted crude palm oil at 0.34 ± 0.09%. Ethephon application was effective on bunches between 14 and 28 kg, and fruit detachment was higher in ripe and underripe bunches at 24.1 ± 0.9% and 23.2 ± 0.1%, respectively. A significant fruit detachment of 47.2 ± 2.4% was achieved when the bunches were also stripped mechanically, but the FFA content increased almost 4-fold, from 1.0 ± 0.2% to 3.8 ± 1.2%. The application of ethylene gas at 750 ppm yielded 29.4 ± 1.9% fruit detachment. The findings present the possibility of using ethylene as an indirect method for minimizing oil loss without increasing the FFA content in future crude palm oil production systems.

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Kemampuan jamur pelapuk kayu isolat JPA dan Trichoderma Sp. S2-2 dalam mendegradasi tandan kosong kelapa sawit untuk menghasilkan selulosa The capability of wood rot fungus JPA isolate and Trichoderma sp. S2-2 in degradation of oil palm empty fruit bunches to produce cellulose

E-Journal Menara Perkebunan ◽

10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v82i2.17 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 82 (2) ◽

Author(s):

. ALHIDAYATULLAH ◽

Lisdar I SUDIRMAN1 ◽

Okky Setyawati DHARMAPUTRA

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Trichoderma Harzianum ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Value Added ◽

Cellulose Content ◽

Empty Fruit Bunches ◽

Oil Processing ◽

Trichoderma Sp ◽

Value Added Products

Abstract Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) are the ligno-cellulosic wastes from palm oil processing. They can be used to produce raw materials for value-added products. The purpose of this study was to determine the degradation capacity of JPA wood rot fungi and Trichoderma sp. S2-2 on OPEFB. The 500 g of substrates consisted of 81% of OPEFB, 15% bran, 1.5% lime and 1.5% gypsum were used for growing. The substrates were inoculated with five treatments i.e without isolate (K); with JPA isolate (JPA); with Trichoderma sp. S2-2 (T); with the two isolates (JPA + T); and with JPA isolate and after four weeks of incubation inoculated with Trichoderma sp. S2-2 [(JPA)+T]. All treatments were incubated for eight weeks. The results showed that JPA+T was the best treatment which the two isolates must be inoculated simultaneously for degradation of OPEFB. Lignin and cellulose content on JPA+T treatment respectively were 20.83% and 33.77%. C/N ratio of OPEFB degraded with JPA+T was lower than the C/N ratio of TKKS degraded with Trichoderma harzianum and TKKS degraded with EM4 in previous study. AbstrakTandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) merupakan limbah lignoselulosa dari pengolahan minyak kelapa sawit. TKKS dapat dimanfaatkan untuk memperoleh bahan baku untuk produk bernilai tambah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan degradasi jamur pelapuk kayu isolat JPA dan Trichoderma sp. S2-2 pada TKKS. Sebanyak 500 g substrat terdiri dari 81% TKKS, 15% dedak, 1,5% kapur, dan 1,5% gypsum digunakan untuk per-tumbuhan. Substrat diinokulasi dengan lima perlakuan yaitu tanpa isolat (K); dengan isolat JPA (JPA); dengan Trichoderma sp. S2-2 (T); dengan isolat JPA dan setelah empat minggu inkubasi, diinokulasi dengan Trichoderma sp. S2-2 [(JPA+T)]. Semua perlakuan diinkubasi selama delapan minggu. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan JPA+T adalah perlakuan terbaik yaitu kedua isolat tesebut harus diinokulasi secara bersamaan untuk mendegradasi TKKS. Kandungan lignin dan selulosa TKKS dengan perlakuan JPA+T masing-masing adalah 20,83% dan 33,77%. Rasio C/N TKKS hasil degradasi dengan JPA+T lebih rendah daripada rasio C/N pada TKKS yang didegradasi dengan Trichoderma harzianum dan TKKS yang didegradasi dengan EM4 pada penelitian sebelumnya.

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Development of Image Based Modeling for Determination of Oil Content and Days Estimation for Harvesting of Fresh Fruit Bunches

International Journal of Food Engineering ◽

10.2202/1556-3758.1633 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Mohd. Hudzari Razali ◽

Wan Ishak Wan Ismail ◽

Abdul Rahman Ramli ◽

Md. Nasir Sulaiman ◽

Mohd. Haniff Harun

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Oil Content ◽

Oil Extraction ◽

Fresh Fruit ◽

Extraction Rate ◽

Outdoor Environment ◽

Oil Palm Plantation ◽

Fresh Fruit Bunches ◽

Palm Fruits ◽

Relationship Of

In this study, the relationship of oil extraction rate (OER) and fruit ripeness will be determined. The sample of oil palm fruits was collected from the unripe until the overripe stage and the oil content of the mesocarp for fresh fruit bunches (FFB) was extracted by using bunch analysis procedure to get the oil extraction rate. Using the same samples of FFB, the pixel value of images which measure in hue, was determined by developed image analysis software. The images were captured under an outdoor environment in an oil palm plantation. The sunlight intensity of environment was recorded using Extech light meter at various times of the day from morning to afternoon in the oil palm plantation. The result of the experiment that showed a good relationship was found between the oil content of FFB with its image pixel values. The mathematical model was developed in determining the optimum days for FFB harvesting.

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Preparation and Thermal Cycling Resistance of SiBCN(O) Coating

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.602-603.393 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 602-603 ◽

pp. 393-396 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ze Long Feng ◽

Zhi Min Guo ◽

Biao Lu ◽

Yue Zhang

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Protective Coating ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Sintering Temperature ◽

Oxidation Mechanism ◽

Ethanol Solution ◽

High Oxidation ◽

Slurry Method ◽

Two Stages ◽

Stable Stage

An oxidation protective coating of SiBCN(O) is prepared by slurry method, using polyborosilazane (PBSZ)-ethanol solution as the precursor. The dense and uniform coatings are obtained by pyrolysis and sintering at 1573K. The sintering temperature is significantly reduced and the densification is improved by introducing oxygen. The coating shows high oxidation protecting performance during the thermal shock between 1773K and room temperature for 10 cycles. The oxidation mechanism of the coating is studied and the results show that two stages are included: the relatively stable stage and the weight loss stage.

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INTENSITAS SERANGAN HAMA ULAT API (Setothosea asigna) PADA TANAMAN KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis. JACQ) DI KECAMATAN TEBO TENGAH KABUPATEN TEBO

Jurnal Media Pertanian ◽

10.33087/jagro.v2i1.23 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 16

Author(s):

Yuza Defitri ◽

Yulistiati Nengsih ◽

Harianto Saputra

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Elaeis Guineensis ◽

Oil Palm Plantation ◽

Setothosea Asigna ◽

Elaeis Guineensis Jacq ◽

The Difference ◽

The Village

AbstractThis research aims to know the intensity of pest attacks the fire (Setothosea asigna) who attacked oil palm plants in Central Districts Tebo Tebo. This research has been carried out in the village of Mangunjayo, the village of Enclosure and the village of Tebo Tengah Sub-district Pandak Gulf County Tebo for 1 month in September 2016. Research carried out using the method of survey in the oil palm plantation folk who have produced (TM) in the village of Mangunjayo, the village of Enclosure and the village of Tebo Tengah Sub-district Pandak Bay District with an area of Tebo area 1 – 2 ha. Sampling plants at each site is divided in 5 plot. Each plot was taken 5 sample plants. The observations in the field can be inferred that the intensity of the attacks the highest api pest found in Palm oil plantation in the village of Tebo Tengah Sub-district Pandak Gulf County Tebo i.e. amounting to 36%. The intensity of the attack the lowest api there is a pest on Palm oil plantation in the village of Tebo Regency Central Sub Enclosure Tebo i.e. by 8%. The difference in intensity of pest attacks also in influence by difference of height, temperature, and humidity.Keywords: intensity of pest attacks and fire AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui intensitas serangan hama ulat api (Setothosea asigna) yang menyerang tanaman kelapa sawit di Kecamatan Tebo Tengah Kabupaten Tebo. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan di Desa Kandang, Desa Mangunjayo dan Desa Teluk Pandak Kecamatan Tebo Tengah Kabupaten Tebo selama 1 bulan pada bulan September 2016. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode survei di lahan perkebunan kelapa sawit rakyat yang telah menghasilkan (TM) di Desa Kandang, Desa Mangunjayo dan Desa Teluk Pandak Kecamatan Tebo Tengah Kabupaten Tebo dengan luas areal 1 – 2 ha. Pengambilan sampel tanaman pada setiap lokasi dibagi dalam 5 plot. Masing-masing plot diambil 5 sampel tanaman. Hasil pengamatan di lapangan dapat disimpulkan bahwa intensitas serangan hama ulat api tertinggi terdapat di Perkebunan Kelapa sawit di Desa Teluk Pandak Kecamatan Tebo Tengah Kabupaten Tebo yaitu sebesar 36%. Intensitas serangan hama ulat api terendah terdapat di Perkebunan Kelapa sawit di Desa Kandang Kecamatan Tebo Tengah Kabupaten Tebo yaitu sebesar 8%. Perbedaan Intensitas serangan hama juga di pengaruhi oleh perbedaan ketinggian tempat, suhu, dan kelembaban.Kata Kunci : intensitas serangan dan hama ulat api

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PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN MINYAK SAWIT PADA KARAKTERISTIK SABUN TRANSPARAN

EKUILIBIUM ◽

10.20961/ekuilibrium.v13i2.2156 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Endah Retno Dyartanti

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Stearic Acid ◽

Water Level ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Coconut Oil ◽

Sugar Solution ◽

Soap Analysis

Abstract: Transparent soap is a opaque one having clear structure. This soap has high transparency level. Transparent soap is produced by saponification of oil or fat with NaOH solution at 60-70 C. This research aims study the effect of composition of coconut oil and palm oil (100:0; 90:10; 80:20; 70:30; 60:40 g/g) mixture on the quality of transparent soap. The free fatty acid (FFA) level of coconut oil was 0.8% and that of palm oil was 1.07%. In this work, there were 3 processes separately, namely saponification reaction, transparent structure forming, and curing. Saponification reaction was done by reacting stearic acid in fatty acid phase and NaOH at 60-70 o o C. Stearic acid was melted with heating until melted and some oil was added. After obtaining homogeneous mixture between stearic acid an oil, then NaOH 30% solution was added. The forming of transparent structure was conducted by adding propylene, glycol, glycerin, sugar solution and ethanol 70% into saponification product. To produce soap color and aroma, the colorant and fragrance were added. Then, the soap was casted and cured for 24 hours by storing it at room temperature. The result of transparent soap analysis for coconut oil compositions of 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, and 60%, it was obtained that the water level were 18.36%, 18.24%, 18.66%, 18.66%, and 18.56%, respectively. The free alkali contained in transparent soaps were 0.078%, 0.078%, 0.0796%, 0.0804%, and 0.0796%. The yields were 62.78%, 62.25%, 62.49%, 60.88%, 59.79%, and the pH of transparent soap was 9. The best composition of coconut oil and palm oil mixture was 90:10 while the ratio of coconut oil and palm oil mixture composition resulting the highest yield was 100:0. Keywords: Transparent soap, Saponification, Coconut oil, Palm oil

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Effect of Charging Parameter on Fruit Battery-Based Oil Palm Maturity Sensor

Micromachines ◽

10.3390/mi11090806 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 806

Author(s):

Norhisam Misron ◽

Nisa Syakirah Kamal Azhar ◽

Mohd Nizar Hamidon ◽

Ishak Aris ◽

Kunihisa Tashiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Load Resistance ◽

Oil Extraction ◽

High Demand ◽

Palm Fruit ◽

Charging Time ◽

Fresh Fruit Bunches ◽

Content Processing ◽

Key Industries

Oil palm is one of the key industries highly observed in Malaysia, due to its high demand both whether locally or internationally. The oil extraction rate (OER) in palm oil production is used as an element to identify the performance of the mills, estates and producers. In view of this, there are specific instrument or sensor needs to be implemented at the mills especially during the reception of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) transported from the field for oil content processing. This paper aims to study and propose the use of a fruit battery-based oil palm maturity sensor to analyse the effect of the sensor to various parameters. The study utilizes a charging method with different parameters, including a moisture content test on the palm oil samples. Three types of parameters are tested along with the different grades of oil palm fruit from different bunches, such as the load resistance, charging voltage and charging time. The repeatability data of the samples are obtained with the used list of values in each parameter. The results show that the parameters tested for the unripe, under ripe and ripe samples can affect the sensor sensitivity.

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