scholarly journals Woody Species Stand Structure and Regeneration Status in Long Jack (Eurycoma longifolia Jack) Habitat in Batang Lubu Sutam Forest, Padang Lawas, North Sumatra

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 466-474
Author(s):  
Arida Susilowati ◽  
Asep Hidayat ◽  
Anita Zaitunah ◽  
Melya Riniarti ◽  
Rio Afandi
Keyword(s):  
Stand Structure ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Forest Community ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Horizontal Structure ◽  
Eurycoma Longifolia ◽  
Regeneration Status ◽  
North Sumatra

Long jack (Eurycoma longifolia) is a medicinal plant that has become a common target for exploitation, leading to a population decline in natural forests. This study aimed to determine the stand structure and regeneration status of E. longifolia tree habitat in Batang Lubu Sutam Forest, Padang Lawas, North Sumatra. The research was performed through vegetation analysis using a purposive sampling technique with a randomized sample plot based on the presence of E. longifolia. A total of 181 plots were established in this study. The results showed that the horizontal structure of tree species in the research area had an inverted J-shape pattern, indicating that the number of trees decreased as the diameter increased. The vertical structure showed that all strata were found in the research location, dominated by stratum C. This condition indicated that the forest was in good condition. The regeneration status of 48 species in the location showed different categories. Thirty species (62.50%) were classified as good regeneration, ten species (18.75%) as new regeneration, and four species (8.30%) as poor and no regeneration. The high proportion of trees with good regeneration showed that the forest community could survive despite environmental or anthropogenic stress. Keywords: long jack (Eurycoma longifolia), regeneration, species composition, vegetation structure

scholarly journals Distribution and association pattern of pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia) in Batang Lubu Sutam District, Padang Lawas, North Sumatra

2021 ◽  
Vol 912 (1) ◽  
pp. 012056
Author(s):  
A Susilowati ◽  
H H Rachmat ◽  
K S Yulita ◽  
D Elfiati ◽  
I M Ginting
Keyword(s):  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Eurycoma Longifolia ◽  
Association Pattern ◽  
Intestinal Worms ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Degree Of Association ◽  
Shorea Leprosula ◽  
North Sumatra

Abstract Pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia) is a medicinal plant with various benefits and has long been used to cure various diseases such as cancer, gingivitis, intestinal worms, and anti-inflammatory anti-malarial, and tonic after childbirth. The root has high economic value leading to unsustainable harvest and drastic population decline. As initial data in conservation activities, information regarding the association of pasak bumi in Batang Lubu Sutam natural forest has not been obtained. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the pasak bumi distribution and its association within their natural habitat in Batang Lubu Sutam forest. The study was conducted by using the vegetation analysis method using a plotted path determined by purposive sampling. Data analysis was performed by calculating association indices, including the Ochiai index (Oi), Dice index (Di), and Jackard index (Ji). The results showed that pasak bumi were found in the seedling and sapling stage in the research location and form a degree of association with several plants. The species that formed the highest degree of association with the pasak bumi at both levels of regeneration was Shorea leprosula with an Ochiai index value of 0.85 at the seedling level and 0.94 at the sapling level.

Langfristige Entwicklung von zwei Waldgesellschaften im Białowieża-Urwald

2008 ◽  
Vol 159 (4) ◽  
pp. 80-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Brzeziecki ◽  
Feliks Eugeniusz Bernadzki
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Strong Trend ◽  
Long Term Study

The results of a long-term study on the natural forest dynamics of two forest communities on one sample plot within the Białowieża National Park in Poland are presented. The two investigated forest communities consist of the Pino-Quercetum and the Tilio-Carpinetum type with the major tree species Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies, Betula sp., Quercus robur, Tilia cordata and Carpinus betulus. The results reveal strong temporal dynamics of both forest communities since 1936 in terms of tree species composition and of general stand structure. The four major tree species Scots pine, birch, English oak and Norway spruce, which were dominant until 1936, have gradually been replaced by lime and hornbeam. At the same time, the analysis of structural parameters indicates a strong trend towards a homogenization of the vertical stand structure. Possible causes for these dynamics may be changes in sylviculture, climate change and atmospheric deposition. Based on the altered tree species composition it can be concluded that a simple ≪copying≫ (mimicking) of the processes taking place in natural forests may not guarantee the conservation of the multifunctional character of the respective forests.

scholarly journals Stand structure and species composition of merbau in logged-over forest in Papua, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-171
Author(s):  
PRIJANTO PAMOENGKAS ◽  
ISKANDAR Z. SIREGAR ◽  
AJI NURALAM DWISUTONO
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Selective Logging ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Selective Cutting ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Reference Plot

Pamoengkas P, Siregar IZ, Dwisutono AN. 2018. Stand structure and species composition of merbau in logged-over forest in Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 163-171. Single selective cutting is the most common form of timber extraction in natural forest in the tropics. Although, vast tracts natural forests are already logged-over, the effect of logging on the structure and species composition has been sparsely documented, especially for merbau (Intsia bijuga). Merbau is an excellent timber species and intensively harvested in Papua. The objective of this study was to analyze the structure and species composition of merbau in the several logged-over forests at different ages, i.e., 1, 5, 11, 16, 21 years old after selective logging and primary forest as the reference plot. The study was conducted in February 2016 at Sarmi District, Papua. The distributions of merbau in each plot varies but when they were compared with that in the primary forest that had reached 9.81%. Thus, the decrease of merbau trees in the plots of logged forest areas was not significant. Index of Diversity of all growth stages was high. In general, the number of merbau seedling regeneration in the study plots are above the average value standardized in Selective Cutting and Replanting System (TPTI) regulation. With regard to the condition of sapling regeneration, we concluded that selective logging might not provide enough growing space for regeneration of merbau. Providing appropriate growing space is one of the key factors to achieve adequate merbau natural regeneration.

Comparative assessment of Placental Weight and Fetal Outcome in Normal and Anaemic Mothers during Intranatal Period in Selected Hospitals in India

2021 ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
. Lalhriatpuii ◽  
Bali Thool
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Placental Weight ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Average Condition ◽  
Significant Health

Background: Despite the fact that anaemia during pregnancy is the most prevalent and significant health problem in impoverished nations, anaemia has a negative impact on the placenta and fetal development. The placenta is a growing organ that provides nutrition, oxygen, and eliminates excretory wastes for the fetus while also acting as a protective barrier throughout pregnancy. If the placenta is compromised by anaemia, it has a negative impact on the foetus's growth. Methods and Materials: Comparative descriptive research design was used, 60 subjects (30 normal mothers and 30 anaemic mothers) were allotted and in this study the purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample. The aim of the study was to compare the placental weight and fetal outcome in normal mothers and anaemic mothers. The objectives of the study were (i) To assess the placental weight in normal mothers and anaemic mothers. (ii)To assess the fetal outcome in normal mothers and anaemic mothers. (iii)To compare the placental weight and fetal outcome in normal and anaemic mothers. Results: The result of the study shows that 93% normal mothers had average condition of placental weight, 2% normal mothers had good condition of placental weight while in anaemic mothers it was found that 30 percent had average condition of placental weight, 73.3% normal mothers had average condition of fetal outcome, 26.7% normal mothers had good condition of fetal outcome while in anaemic mothers it was found that 93.3% percent had average condition of fetal outcome, 06.7% had good condition of fetal outcome. Conclusion: The study concludes that the comparison between placental weight and birth weight of babies shows significant difference with a positive relationship in both the groups. This means as the placental weight increases the birth weight also increases and vice-versa.

scholarly journals Habitat features of the capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) leks in the West Carpathians

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 415-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Saniga
Keyword(s):  
Stand Structure ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Space Structure ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Tetrao Urogallus ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Habitat Features ◽  
Forest Stand Structure ◽  
West Carpathians ◽  
Succession Stage

Habitat characteristics of 43 capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) leks were studied in the mountains of Central Slovakia (West Carpathians) in 1984–2002. Macro-habitat was described with respect to topography and succession stage. Micro-habitat was described with respect to forest type and forest stand structure. Twenty-seven out of forty-three display grounds were situated in the upper half of the lateral ridges. Sixteen leks were located on hills of the lateral ridges (slope < 10%). All the leks were situated in old succession stages of the forest (80–200 years old). Twenty-seven display grounds were located in natural forests, sixteen leks were situated in man-managed stands more than 80 years old. Leks were situated in a variety of forest types with overstorey tree-density between 400–1,050 stems per ha. Distribution of leks was limited above all by macro-habitat characteristics (elevated sites, old stands). Age-space structure seemed to be a significant micro-habitat feature (preference of multi-layered stands).  

Factors Influencing Husbands’ Involvement in Ante Natal Care Services in a Nigerian Urban Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
S M Ibrahim ◽  
B M Aminu ◽  
H A Usman ◽  
U D Umaru ◽  
A A Kullima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
School Level ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
P Value ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Joint Decision

Maternal mortality continues to be a problem in the developing world, and unfortunately few pregnant women receive antenatal care (ANC) from skilled attendants in this region. It is known that men play a significant role in the health-seeking behavior of their families. Their involvement in ANC services may lead to improved women’s clinic attendance and maternal health. This descriptive cross-sectional study aimed to determine the proportion of husbands in Maiduguri, North-eastern Nigeria that accompanied their wives to ANC clinic, discussed issues related to pregnancy with them, and also the factors that influenced this role. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to recruit 307adult males, 18 years and above, who had fathered at least one child in the last two years preceding the study. Data were collected using pre-tested researcher-administered questionnaires designed from USAID Compendium of Indicators for Evaluating Reproductive Health Programs, and Health Belief Model of Health Behavioural Change Theory. The data was entered into the IBM SPSS software version 20.0 (New York, 2011). An analysis was performed to identify variables that suggest a significant association using Odds ratio and p-value <0.05 at 95 % confidence interval. Out of the 307 respondents recruited, 225 (73.3 %) were involved in ANC services. Educational status beyond primary school level, Christian faith, having means of transportation and couples making a joint decision on ANC were significant predictors for husband’s involvement in ANC services(P<0.05). Similarly, a good condition of ANC services and spending less than 30 minutes waiting for consultation (P=0.008) were significant health-related predictive factors.

scholarly journals Medicinal Plant by Batak Toba Medicinal plants used by the Batak Toba Tribe in Peadundung Village, North Sumatra, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 510-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARINA SILALAHI ◽  
NISYAWATI NISYAWATI ◽  
DINGSE PANDIANGAN
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Medicinal Species ◽  
Eurycoma Longifolia ◽  
North Sumatra

Abstract. Silalahi M, Nisyawati, Pandiangan D. 2019. Medicinal plants used by the Batak Toba Tribe in Peadundung Village, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 510-525. Research of the medicinal plants by the Toba Batak ethnic has limited, even though the globalization and modernization resulted to degradation of the local knowledge. The objectives of this study were (i) documentation of medicinal plants used in the traditional therapies by the Batak Toba tribe of Peadundung Village, North Sumatra, Indonesia, and (ii) analysing the data by quantitative ethnobotanical tools such as use value (UV), cultural significance index (CSI), relative frequency of citation (RCF) and informant consensus factor (ICF) to determine the cultural importance of medicinal plants in order to develop a tool for their conservation. Semi-structured interviews with 41 identified respondents was the methodology employed for qualitative data collection. A total of 149 medicinal species of plants, belonging to 131 genera and 55 families, were recorded in the study which are used in the treatment of 21 categories of ailments. Plants with the highest UV were Eurycoma longifolia (UV=3.44), Curcuma longa (UV=2.67) and Zingiber officinale (UV=2.60). Eight species, namely Curcuma longa, Eurycoma longifolia, Allium cepa, Psidium guajava, Aleurites moluccanus, Piper betle, Citrus hystrix and Uncaria gambir were found to be having the highest RCF value of 1.00. Eurycoma longifolia (CSI=126), Curcuma longa (CSI=112) and Zingiber officinale (CSI = 105) emerged as the culturally most significant medicinal plants. Thrush and aphrodisiac use categories received the highest ICF of 1.00 each because the informants agreed of using only a single species for each of these categories. Eurycoma longifolia was used as an aphrodisiac whereas Averrhoa carambola was used against thrush. All these important and significant plants suffer the greatest harvesting pressure, hence their conservation should be given priority.

scholarly journals Evaluating Efficiency of Sampling Schemes in Tropical Natural Forests: Review and Simulation Experience from Kenya

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Joseph Hitimana ◽  
James Legilisho Ole Kiyiapi ◽  
Balozi Kirongo Bekuta
Keyword(s):  
Forest Type ◽  
Sampling Error ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Montane Forest ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Sampling Schemes ◽  
Plot Size

Forest measurements, especially in natural forests are cumbersome and complex. 100% enumeration is costly and inefficient. This study sought to find out reliable, efficient and cost-effective sampling schemes for use in tropical rain forest (TRF), moist montane forest (MMF) and dry woodland forest (DWF) in Kenya. Forty-eight sampling schemes (each combining sampling intensity (5, 10, 20, 30%), plot size (25, 50, 100, 400 m2) and sampling technique (simple random sampling, systematic sampling along North-South and along East-West orientations) were generated for testing estimates of forest attributes such as regeneration through simulation using R-software. Sampling error and effort were used to measure efficiency of each sampling scheme in relation to actual values. Though forest sites differed in biophysical characteristics, cost of sampling increased with decreasing plot size regardless of the forest type and attribute. Accuracy of inventory increased with decreasing plot size. Plot sizes that captured inherent variability were 5mx5m for regeneration and trees ha-1 across forest types but varied between forest types for basal area. Different sampling schemes were ranked for relative efficiency through simulation techniques, using regeneration as an example. In many instances systematic sampling-based sampling schemes were most effective. Sub-sampling in one-hectare forest unit gave reliable results in TRF (e.g. SSV-5mx5m-30%) and DWF (e.g. SSV-10mx10m-30%) but not in MMF (5mx5m-100%). One-hectare-complete-inventory method was found inevitable for regeneration assessment in montane forest.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Konsumsi Bawang Batak Terhadap Keputihan Pada Wanita Usia Subur Di Desa Lau Rakit Kecamatan STM Hilir Kabupaten Deli Serdang

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
Novita Br Ginting Munthe ◽  
Iskandar Markus Sembiring ◽  
Wilda Wahyuni Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Onion Plant ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Research ◽  
North Sumatra ◽  
Experimental Group

The health of female sex organs is something that needs special attention, especially in maintaining cleanliness at this time. In the vagina there is normal flora (microorganisms) which must be balanced. If this can not be done by women, it will cause disorders such as vaginal discharge. One well-known genus of plants that is widely used by the community is Batak (Allium). Most of this genus is used by the community as a spice in cooking and traditional medicine. Batak onion plants can inhibit the growth of microorganisms such as fungi that cause vaginal discharge. This study aims to determine the effect of the onion batak on Fertile Age Women (WUS) who experience vaginal discharge in Lau Rakit Village, STM Hilir District, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province. The research method uses a "quasy experiment" research design with a "pretest-posttest with control group" design. The population in this study were all WUS in Lau Rakit Village, STM Hilir Sub-District, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province. Sampling was done by random sampling using cluster sampling technique. A total of 36 samples were taken by cluster sampling from the entire population in Hamlet (I, II, III) Lau Rakit Village, Sub-District STM Hilir, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province, which consisted of 18 respondents as an experimental group and 18 respondents as a control group. Research instruments using questionnaires and data analysis using the Wilcoxon test and the Mann Whitney test. The results showed that these onion plants can inhibit the growth of microorganisms such as fungi that cause vaginal discharge. From the results of this study it is expected that women who experience vaginal discharge can apply the Batak onion plant as a non-pharmacological drug and make the Batak onion plant a family medicinal plant.

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