scholarly journals DISTRIBUTION OF THE NORMAL REACTIONS ON THE QUANTOMOBILE WHEELS

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
Jurij Kotikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Vacuum Energy ◽  
Thrust Bearing ◽  
Vehicle Body ◽  
Physical Vacuum ◽  
Propulsive Force ◽  
Bearing Surface ◽  
Longitudinal Stability ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Programming Analysis

Introduction: The progress of science has made it possible to create new quantum engines (QEs) powered by physical vacuum energy. A QE will generate a vector-based propulsive force, or thrust, applicable to the vehicle body directly, with no transmission required. Traditional cars will be upgraded with QEs and thus converted into quantomobiles. QE thrust application at the point of the vehicle body, hovering above the bearing surface, introduces changes in the traditional diagram of forces acting on the vehicle. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the influence of thrust on the longitudinal stability of the quantomobile. Methods: In the course of the study, we upgraded the diagram of forces acting on the traditional vehicle, by introducing QE thrust (bearing in mind vehicle hovering above the bearing surface). We also developed a corresponding mathematical model for the distribution of the normal reactions on the wheels, taking into account QE placement. Results: Among the developed calculation complexes to perform a qualitative analysis of the influence of force factors on the quantomobile chassis load, a complex representing the longitudinal thrust and the thrust height was distinguished. Discussion: These complexes may serve as the basis of calculation units for more detailed programming, analysis, and synthesis of the design of vehicles with QEs, assessment of the longitudinal stability of the vehicle, optimization of QE placement in the quantomobile body. Example: The method developed is presented using a quantomobile similar to a KamAZ-4326 automobile. Conclusion: The considered diagram of forces acting on a quantomobile, including QE thrust above the bearing surface, shall become generic for force diagrams of quantomobiles with additional thrusters intended to increase the longitudinal stability of the vehicle.

The Numerical Analysis of the Velocity and Pressure Distribution of the Oil Film in Heavy Hydrostatic Thrust Bearing

2014 ◽  
Vol 541-542 ◽  
pp. 658-662
Author(s):  
Jian Li ◽  
Yuan Chen ◽  
Yang Chun Yu ◽  
Zhu Xin Tian ◽  
Yu Huang
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Thrust Bearing ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
The Other ◽  
Surface Load ◽  
Oil Film ◽  
Volume Method

To study the velocity and pressure distribution of the oil film in a heavy hydrostatic thrust bearing, a mathematical model of the velocity is proposed and the finite volume method (FVM) has been used to simulate the flow field under different working conditions. Some pressure experiments were carried out and the results verified the correctness of the simulation. It is concluded that the pressure distribution varies small under different rotation speed when the surface load on the workbench is constant. But the velocity of the oil film is influenced greatly by the rotation speed. When the rotation speed of the workbench is as quick as enough, the velocity of the oil film on one radial side of the pad will be zero, that is to say the lubrication oil will be drained from the other three sides of the recess.

Impact of Electric Vehicle Lateral Dynamics on the Battery Pack

2014 ◽  
Vol 590 ◽  
pp. 451-457
Author(s):  
Sen Nan Song ◽  
Fa Chao Jiang ◽  
Hong Shi
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Angular Acceleration ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
The Body ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Vehicle Body ◽  
Rolling Motion ◽  
Rolling Angle ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Mathematical Model

The present work is concerned with the rolling motion of the battery pack when EV travelling on the road. First McPherson suspension system was regarded as the research object with detailed analysis of its structural features and motion characteristics. Establish the mathematical model which could apply to calculating the rolling motion of the vehicle body. Through MATLAB/Simulink simulation software, we could calculate the rolling angle on passive suspension. On this basis, assume that the battery pack mounted on the vehicle body and make it passive connection and PID connection. When the body rolls, the battery pack will produce a certain angle then. Next establish the mathematical model to summarize the relationship between the two variables. Then we set the parameters and calculate the roll angle of battery pack in both cases for comparison. Simulation results show that road irregularities will make battery rotate an angle and PID controller can effectively reduce the angle, especially angular acceleration. This paper put forward a new idea that battery is connected with body by active control on EV, and proves the superiority in reducing the rolling angle.

Stresses in Oil Lubricated Bearings

1969 ◽  
Vol 184 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Ibrahim ◽  
H. Mccallion
Keyword(s):  
Thrust Bearing ◽  
Journal Bearing ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Temperature Gradients ◽  
Rigid Surface ◽  
Pressure Loading ◽  
Bearing Surface ◽  
Bearing Ring ◽  
Difference Analogue ◽  
Differential Thermal Expansion

Stresses in a bimetal strip of white metal bonded to steel, to simulate a journal bearing shell or a thrust bearing ring, have been calculated for various loading conditions. The stresses arose from: fluid pressure loading on the bearing surface whilst the back was supported on a complete rigid surface; locating and holding forces, e.g. compression due to nipping-up the bearing; elastic deformation of the bearing housing; differential thermal expansion and temperature gradients, and incomplete support of the bearing shell when subjected to fluid pressure on its bearing surface. Points at which fatigue damage is likely to originate are apparent. The stresses were calculated numerically from displacements which were found, by an iterative method, to satisfy a finite difference analogue of the governing differential equations.

scholarly journals Application of Linear and Nonlinear Graphs in Structural Synthesis of Kinematic Chains

1973 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 525-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Huang ◽  
A. H. Soni
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Graph Theory ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Structural Synthesis ◽  
Kinematic Chains ◽  
Piston Cylinder ◽  
General Constraints ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Linear And Nonlinear

Using graph theory and Polya’s theory of counting, the present paper performs structural synthesis and analysis of planar and three-dimensional kinematic chains. The Section 2 of the paper develops a mathematical model that permits one to perform structural analysis and synthesis of planar kinematic chains with kinematic elements such as revolute pairs, cam pairs, springs, belt-pulley, piston-cylinder, and gears. The theory developed is applied to enumerate eight-link kinematic chains with these kinematic elements. The Section 3 of the paper develops a mathematical model that permits one to perform structural analysis and synthesis of multi-loop spatial kinematic chains with higher and lower kinematic pairs. The theory developed is applied to enumerate all possible two-loop kinematic chains with or without general constraints.

Static and Dynamic Characteristics of Aerostatic Circular Porous Thrust Bearings (Effect of the Shape of the Air Supply Area)

2000 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Yoshimoto ◽  
K. Kohno
Keyword(s):  
Porous Material ◽  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Thrust Bearing ◽  
Aerostatic Bearing ◽  
Bearing Surface ◽  
Static And Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Thrust Bearings ◽  
Porous Bearing ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Bearing Design

Recently, graphite porous material has been used successfully in an aerostatic bearing. In actual bearing design, it is often necessary to reduce the thickness of porous material to make the bearing smaller. However, a reduction in thickness results in a reduction in the strength of the porous material. In particular, when the diameter of porous material is large, it is difficult to supply the air through the full pad area of porous material because it deforms. Therefore, in this paper, two types of air supply method (the annular groove supply and the hole supply) in a circular aerostatic porous thrust bearing are proposed to avoid the deflection of the bearing surface. The static and dynamic characteristics of aerostatic porous bearing with these air supply methods are investigated theoretically and experimentally. In addition, the effects of a surface restricted layer on the characteristics are clarified.

scholarly journals Commissioning tests of the first hydro-generator of the Bajo de Mina HPP (Panama)

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 05044
Author(s):  
Andrey Zuikov
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Free Surface ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Thrust Bearing ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Vertical Distributions ◽  
Oil Flow ◽  
The Mathematical Model

A mathematical model has been developed for calculating the distribution of azimuthal velocities and the shape of the free surface of oil in the compartments of an oil bath of a hydro-generator. The mathematical model of oil flow is verified by comparing the calculated radial-vertical distributions of normalized azimuthal velocities obtained on its basis with the free surface of the oil with the empirical data of third-party authors. The verification showed a good fit between the calculated and experimental distributions, which allows recommending the developed mathematical model for use in engineering practice. Calculations were carried out for the modes of the oil movement in the thrust bearing and the guide bearing of the hydro-generator of the Bajo de Mina HPP. Recommendations are made for the elimination of emergency modes associated with oil overflow through the fencing of the thrust bearing oil bath, which separate oil bath from the shaft of hydro-generator.

Effects of Grooving in a Hydrostatic Circular Step Thrust Bearing With Porous Facing

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mahbubur Razzaque ◽  
M. Zakir Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Inclination Angle ◽  
Thrust Bearing ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Seepage Flow ◽  
Groove Depth ◽  
Small Thickness ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
High Level

Effects of grooving in a porous faced hydrostatic circular step thrust bearing are investigated using a mathematical model based on the narrow groove theory (NGT). It is shown that enhancement of load capacity by grooving the step is possible at moderate level of permeability of the porous facing. Load capacity drops sharply with the increase of porous facing thickness. However, this drop in load capacity occurs mostly within a small thickness of the porous facing. Considering the coupled effects of permeability and inertia, it is recommended that the dimensionless step location should be 0.5–0.8 and the dimensionless step height should be less than five to take advantage of grooving. The groove geometric parameters such as groove inclination angle, fraction of grooved area and groove depth corresponding to the maximum load capacity are found to be the same for both with and without porous facing. However, with porous facing, the sensitivity of the load capacity on the groove parameters reduces. At high level of permeability, the effects of grooves may become insignificant because of high seepage flow through the porous facing.

Predicting Air Bearing Contamination Using Air Flow Pattern Analysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuyu Zhang ◽  
Brian D. Strom
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Flow Pattern ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Liquid Droplet ◽  
Disk Surface ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Air Bearing ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Disk Drives ◽  
Bearing Surface

A new method is introduced for predicting particle and liquid droplet contamination on an air bearing surface. The method primarily relies on the analysis of flow patterns nearest the air bearing surface, restricted to two dimensions. In addition, a mathematical model for the vertical flow perpendicular to the disk surface adds clarity to the contamination mechanisms. The predictions compare well with contamination patterns observed in prototype disk drives.

Deterministic Micro Asperities on Bearings and Seals Using a Modified LIGA Process

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. Stephens ◽  
R. Siripuram ◽  
M. Hayden ◽  
B. McCartt
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Thrust Bearing ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Arbitrary Cross Section ◽  
Surface Metrology ◽  
Bearing Surface ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Manufacturing Methods

Deterministic micro asperities show potential for enhancement of lubrication in conformal contacts as found in many bearing and seal designs. Several manufacturing methods have been proposed for deterministic micro asperities. Of these, laser texturing has emerged as the most viable option. This paper proposes the LIGA MEMs manufacturing method as an alternative. Using LIGA, surfaces with patterned micron sized surface features of arbitrary cross section (cylindrical, hex, triangular, etc.) can be fabricated from electroplated nickel, gel-cast silicon nitride, or plastic. The resulting asperities can be positive (protuberances) or negative (recesses) and can have heights (depths) from 1–1000 microns and be patterned over surface areas up to about 150mm×150mm. In this paper, the LIGA method is used to fabricate a sample thrust bearing surface with a hexagonal array of positive asperities. The resulting asperities are 550 μm in average diameter, 165 μm in edge-to-edge spacing and have heights of 3–100 μm. Surface metrology indicates submicron accuracy of form and 13 nm Ra roughness on the asperity tops (land). Tribology testing in a nonpressurized oil bath indicates full film conditions and shows a 14–22% reduction in friction coefficient for a thrust surface covered with the micro asperities. A model confirms the experimental trends and indicates the potential to further reduce the friction coefficient by about 60% through optimization of the asperity geometry and layout.

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