Effect of two microbial phytase preparations on phosphorus utilisation in broilers fed maize-soybean meal based diets

The present study was carried out to determine the effect of two microbial phytases, Aspergillus niger (FINASEâ FP-500, 291 PU (phytase units)/g) and Trichoderma reesei phytase (FINASEâ P, 5880 PU/g) on phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) utilisation and ileal P and Ca digestibility in broiler chickens fed diets based on maize and soybean meal. A total of 96 Ross broiler chickens housed four birds to a cage were used. Four dietary treatments consisted of a positive control supplemented with dicalcium phosphate (17 g/kg), a negative control without inorganic P, basal diet without inorganic P supplemented with Aspergillus niger phytase (2.6 g/kg) and basal diet without inorganic P supplemented with Trichoderma reesei phytase (0.13 g/kg). Both phytases provided 750 PU/kg feed. P retention per unit intake was lowest and P excretion highest in birds fed the positive control diet with inorganic P (P

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Effects of supplemental microbial phytase on performance of broiler chickens

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.23986/afsci.72717 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

pp. 457-466

Author(s):

Tuomo Koskinen ◽

Jari Piironen ◽

Tiina Hakonen

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Bone Mineralization ◽

Control Diet ◽

Live Weight ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Phytase Activity ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Microbial Phytase ◽

Soya Bean Meal

Three trials were conducted on a total of 5100 broiler chicks (0-5.5 weeks) to study the effects of different microbial phytase (Aspergillus niger) supplementations (250-1000 phytase units = PU/g) on the performance and bone mineralization of birds and on the utilization of phosphorus compared with the effects of mineral P additions as dicalcium phosphate. The basal diets (negative controls) were principally composed of soya bean meal (SBM) and grain (wheat, barley, oats) supplemented with up to 0.10% mineral P; the positive control diets were supplemented with 0.24-0.30% mineral P. Compared with the negative control groups, which were fed diets with 0.05% mineral P either during the whole rearing period or during the starting period only, phytase addition increased live weight by 4-7% and feed intake by 3-9% (Trials 1 and 2). Tibia values indicated that with low mineral P supplementations (0.05 and 0.10%), phytase additions have a non-significant effect on bone mineralization. If mineral P is not added, the tibia values show a marked response to phytase (Trial 3). Utilization of P increased from 50.9% to 60.0% when phytase (1000 PU/g) was added to the diets without mineral P supplementation (Trial 3). Utilization of P was only 34.5% in the positive control diet (0.3% mineral P). The results were obviously affected by the intrinsic phytase activity in grain and the dietary calcium level, and suggest that, in SBM-grain-based diets with very low (0.05%) or no mineral P supplementation, weight gain can be increased by adding phytase up to 1000 PU/g. This supplemented phytase activity is apparently sufficient for adequate bone mineralization.

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Dietary phosphate equivalence of four forms of Pi contrasted with a novel microbial phytase from Citrobacter braakii in broiler chickens

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an14489 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 55 (9) ◽

pp. 1145 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A. J. Cowieson ◽

F. Fru-Nji ◽

O. Adeola

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Potassium Phosphate ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Microbial Phytase ◽

Dietary Phosphate ◽

Bone Mineralisation ◽

Tibia Ash ◽

Total P

Two 21-day studies were conducted with broilers to evaluate the efficacy of a bacterial 6-phytase from Citrobacter braakii and compare four Pi sources. The four sources were phosphates of monocalcium (MCP), dicalcium (DCP), tricalcium (TCP) with potassium phosphate (KH2PO4) acting as a ‘positive control’ reference. In each study, 336 4-day-old male birds (Ross 708) were blocked based on initial bodyweight (BW) and randomly allotted to one of seven diets with six replicate cages of eight birds each. Access to experimental diets and water from Days 4 to 25 post-hatching was ad libitum. In the first study, the seven diets were: (1) a low-P negative control (NC) corn-soybean meal basal diet formulated to contain crude protein (CP), Ca, total P, and non-phytate P (nPP) at 218, 9.0, 4.5, and 2.0 g/kg, respectively; (2) NC plus 0.75 g Pi from KH2PO4/kg; (3) NC plus 0.75 g Pi from MCP/kg; (4) NC plus 0.75 g Pi from DCP/kg; (5) NC plus 0.75 g Pi from TCP/kg; (6) NC plus phytase at 500 FYT/kg; (7) NC plus phytase at 1000 FYT/kg. Feeding the low-P NC diet reduced (P < 0.01) BW gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), and tibia ash. Supplementing the NC with Pi or phytase linearly improved (P < 0.01) BWG, FI, and tibia ash. Supplementing the NC with 0.75 g/kg Pi from MCP, DCP, or TCP were equipotent in improving BWG and FI; however, percent tibia ash was higher (P < 0.05) in birds fed MCP than either DCP or TCP. The second study was similar to the first study except that Ca, total P, and nPP in the NC were reduced to 7.0, 4.2, and 1.8 g/kg, respectively; and Pi from MCP, DCP, and TCP were reduced to 0.6 g/kg. Similar to observations in the first study, the low-P NC diet reduced (P < 0.01) BWG, FI, and tibia ash; and supplementing the NC with Pi or phytase linearly improved (P < 0.01) BWG, FI, P digestibility and tibia ash. Furthermore, supplementing the NC with 0.75 g Pi from MCP, DCP, or TCP per kg diet were equipotent in improving BWG, FI, and tibia ash though MCP resulted in superior (P < 0.05) retention of P compared with TCP. Results from both studies showed that the phytase was efficacious in releasing phytate-P for growth and bone mineralisation in chickens compensating, at least, the spared Pi, and that Pi sources commonly used in formulating diets of chickens may be different in their potential to supply digestible P.

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Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Indices, Duodenal Histomorphology, and Cecal Microbiota of Broiler Chickens Fed on Diets Supplemented with Cinnamon Bark Powder at Prestarter and Starter Phases

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11010094 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 94

Author(s):

Mohammed M. Qaid ◽

Saud I. Al-Mufarrej ◽

Mahmoud M. Azzam ◽

Maged A. Al-Garadi ◽

Hani H. Albaadani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Serum Globulin ◽

Maximum Improvement

Ross 308 broiler chicks (n = 240) aged 1 day were assigned to five groups for eight replicates (six chicks for each) (3♂ and 3♀). Basal dietary groups were supplemented by 2000, 4000, and 6000 mg/kg cinnamon (CN) for 21 days. Basal diet alone was used as a negative control, and basal antibiotic diet (Colimox) was used as a positive control. At 10, 14, and 21 days of age, chicks that received 2000 mg CN and Colimox had a higher body weight, resulting in an increase in body weight gain. CN also resulted in the maximum improvement in the feed conversion ratio and feed efficiency over 1–21 days at the level of 2000 mg/kg. At days 10, the maximum relative breast weight was 2000 mg/kg of CN. Mean serum albumin concentrations, duodenal villus height, and goblet cell density increased (p < 0.05) by 2000 mg/kg of CN, and mean serum globulin and total protein concentrations and crypt depth increased (p < 0.05) by 6000 mg/kg of CN compared with control. Increased cecal Escherichia coli number was CN dose-dependent. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of 2000 mg/kg CN can be applied as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics for broiler starter diet.

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Control of the lipid oxidation in Nile tilapia feed

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20151612 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (9) ◽

pp. 1675-1677 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Thiago Luís Magnani Grassi ◽

Marcelo Tacconi de Siqueira Marcos ◽

Elisa Helena Giglio Ponsano

Keyword(s):

Lipid Oxidation ◽

Nile Tilapia ◽

Control Diet ◽

Bacterial Biomass ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Rubrivivax Gelatinosus ◽

Experimental Treatments

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this research was to investigate the progress of the rancidity in Nile tilapia diets containing bacterial biomass of Rubrivivax gelatinosus . Six experimental treatments comprised basal diet (negative control), diet with asthaxanthin (positive control) and 4 diets with different concentrations of the bacterial biomass. The thiobarbituric acid assay for rancidity analyses were accomplished after 6 and 12 months of diets storage. It was concluded that Rubrivivax gelatinosus biomass minimized the racidity in Nile tilapia diets in 32.52 to 44.72% at 6 months and in 37.85 to 52.37% at 12 months of storage.

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Effect of supplementation with Escherichia coli phytase for broilers on performance, nutrient digestibility, minerals in the tibia and diet cost

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n2p767 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 767

Author(s):

Gabriel Villela Dessimoni ◽

Nilva Kazue Sakomura ◽

Daniella Carolina Zanardo Donato ◽

Fábio Goldflus ◽

Nayara Tavares Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Control Diet ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Diet Cost

Although phytase has been researched, new enzymes have been produced, leading to different animal responses. In this scenario, the present study proposes to evaluate the inclusion of a bacterial phytase produced by Escherichia coli in broiler diets based on corn and soybean meal, with or without nutrient reductions, on the performance, nutrient digestibility, phosphorus bioavailability, and bone minerals of those animals and on the economic viability of this practice. A total of 896 male broiler chickens were distributed into 32 experimental units, each housing 28 broilers. The experiment was set up as a completely randomized design with four treatments (Positive Control (PC)- diet meeting the nutritional requirements of the broiler chickens; Negative Control (NC) with reductions of 100kcal/kg of ME, 0.14% avP and 0.11% tCa; NC + phytase (500 FTU/kg); PC + phytase (500FTU/kg)) and 8 replicates. Phytase increased (p < 0.05) feed intake and body weight gain and improved feed conversion ratio in starter (1 to 21 days) and total (1 to 42 days) phases, respectively, compared with Negative Control diet without supplementation. The Negative Control + phytase diet also led to a feed intake similar to Positive Control in the starter and total phases. The inclusion of phytase without nutrient reductions improved (p < 0.05) feed conversion ratio in the starter phase, compared to Positive Control diet. There was an increase (p < 0.05) in the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and phosphorus and in apparent digestible energy in the Negative Control + phytase diet compared to the Negative Control diet. Phytase supplementation increased (p < 0.05) the digestibility of crude protein, calcium and phosphorus, and apparent digestible energy compared to Positive Control diet. Ash, phosphorus, and calcium contents were higher in the Negative Control + phytase diet compared with those observed in the Negative Control diet without enzyme (p < 0.05). The Positive Control + phytase diet provided higher ash contents (p < 0.05), but calcium and phosphorus deposition was similar to those obtained with Positive Control diet. Phytase inclusion allows for a reduction in the diet cost per ton of produced feed. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with bacterial phytase produced from Escherichia coli for broiler chickens is recommended, as it provided increases in production performance, nutrient digestibility, and energy metabolizability and a reduction in the diet cost.

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Response of broilers to graded levels of microbial phytase added to maize–soyabean-meal-based diets containing three levels of non-phytate phosphorus

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19960190 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 75 (6) ◽

pp. 839-852 ◽

Cited By ~ 82

Author(s):

E. T. Kornegay ◽

D. M. Denbow ◽

Z. Yi ◽

V. Ravindran

Keyword(s):

Feed Intake ◽

Control Diet ◽

Linear Equations ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Positive Control ◽

Phytate Phosphorus ◽

Microbial Phytase ◽

Soyabean Meal ◽

Non Linear Equations ◽

Total P

Male 1-d-old broilers (n 920) were given 0, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000 and 1200 U microbial pbytase/kg diet in combination with 2·0, 2·7 or 3·4 g non-phytate P (nP)/kg or 4·0, 5·1 or 5·8 g total P (tP)/kg in a 21 d trial to assess the effectiveness of phytase in a maize–soyabean-meal diet. In addition to the above twenty-one diets, a positive control P diet supplied 4·5 g nP/kg, 6·9 g tP/kg and 10 g Ca/kg. The basal diet contained 230g crude protein/kg, 8·8 g Ca/kg, 4·4 g tP/Fg and 2/0 g nP/kg. Defluorinated phosphate and limestone were used to supply P and Ca. A Ca:tP ratio of 2:l was maintained except in the positive control diet which had a ratio of 1·45: 1. Phytase additions linearly increased (P < 0·01) body-weight (SW) gain, feed intake, toe ash percentage, and apparent retention (% of intake) or total amount (g/bird) of retained Ca and P, and linearly decreased (P < 0·01) P excretion (g/kg of DM intake) at each level of nP with the magnitude of the response inversely related to the level of nP. Above-normal mortality was only observed in the group receiving 2·0 g nP/kg diet without phytase. Adding nP linearly increased (P < 0·01) BW gain, feed intake, toe ash percentage, Ca retention, total amount (g/bird) of P retained, and P excretion, and iinearly decreased (P < 0·01) apparent retention (%) of P. Derived linear and non-linear equations for BW gain and toe ash percentage at the two lower nP levels, 2·0 and 2·7 g/kg, were used to calculate P equivalency value of microbial phytase. The results show that 939 U microbial phytase is equivalent to 1 g P from defluorinated phosphate in broilers fed on maize–soyabean-meal diets. The amount of P released per 100 U phytase decreased as the total amount of phytase increased.

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Microbial phytase supplementation for improving availability of plant phosphorus in the diet of the growing pigs

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.23986/afsci.72917 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 62 (5) ◽

pp. 435-443

Author(s):

Matti Näsi

Keyword(s):

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Apparent Digestibility ◽

Inorganic P ◽

Microbial Phytase ◽

Total P

The effect of a phytase supplement produced by Aspergillus niger on phytinphosphorus availability for pigs on phytase deficient maize-soybean meal diets was measured in two digestibility and balance experiments involving twelve growing pigs. Apparent digestibility of P in diets without inorganic-P supplementation or with low addition (0.18 of total P) was significantly lower than in the control diets (0.16 and 0.23 vs. 0.42; P

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Soybean Oligosaccharides Supplementation Attenuates the Fecal Odor Compounds by Modulate the Cecal Microbiota of Broilers

10.21203/rs.3.rs-35493/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Haiying Liu ◽

Xin Li ◽

Xin Zhu ◽

Weiguo Dong ◽

Guiqin Yang

Keyword(s):

16S Rrna ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

High Performance ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Poultry Production ◽

Odor Compounds ◽

Cecal Microbiota ◽

Soybean Oligosaccharides

Abstract Background: Abatement of odor emissions in poultry production is very important for the quality and safety in poultry industries and benefit to the environment.Methods: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the dietary supplementation of different levels soybean oligosaccharides (SBO) in comparison with chlortetracycline (CHL) on major odor-causing compound in excreta and cecal microbiota of broiler chickens. One-day-old broiler chickens were assigned to 6 treatments with 6 replicate pens (10 birds/pen) for the 42-day experiment, including, the negative control (NC) fed a basal diet, the positive control (PC) fed a basal diet with CHL, and the basal diet with SBO at 0.5, 2.0, 3.5, and 5.0 g/kg, respectively. Fresh excreta was sampled for analysis odor compounds by high performance liquid chromatography. Cecum content was collected to analyze the cecal microbiota by 16S rRNA sequencing. Results: The excreta indole concentration of broilers fed 2.0, 3.5 and 5.0 g/kg SBO and CHL diets were significantly decreased (P < 0.01) compared to NC. Excreta skatole concentration (P < 0.001) and pH (P < 0.05) were decreased by SBO and CHL. Formate concentration of birds fed 3.5 and 5.0 g/kg SBO diets were higher than that of birds fed other diets (P < 0.001). The acetate concentration (P = 0.003) were increased in birds fed 3.5 g/kg SBO diet. Deep sequencing 16S rRNA revealed that the composition of the cecal microbial digesta slightly or significantly changed by the supplementation of SBO or CHL. SBO decreased the abundance of Bacteroides, Bilophila, and Escherichia, which were related to indole and skatole concentration of excreta. While CHL had strong tendency to enrich Ruminococcus and reduce Rikenella. Conclusion: These results indicated that supplementation of dietary SBO was beneficial in attenuating the concentration of odor causing compounds and impact the composition cecal microbiota of broilers.

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Effect of Dietary Supplementation of a Phyto-supplement on Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chickens

Asian Journal of Dairy and Food Research ◽

10.18805/ajdfr.dr-1661 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

A.O. Oso ◽

R. Umaya Suganthi ◽

P.K. Malik ◽

G. Thirumalaisamy ◽

V.B. Awachat

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Control Diet ◽

Relative Weight ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Negative Control ◽

Piper Nigrum ◽

Piper Betle ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Commercial Broiler

Background: The effect of a phyto-supplement (PS) composed of Aerva lanata, Piper betle, Cynodon dactylon and Piper nigrum on carcass characteristics was evaluated in commercial broiler chicken. Methods: A total of 192 day-old commercial broiler chicks were allocated to the four experimental groups and each group was separated into 6 replicates, with 8 birds per replicate. The dietary treatment groups were the positive control (basal diet + antibiotic, chlortetracycline @355g/ metric ton of feed), negative control (0% PS: basal diet only), 1% PS (basal diet +1% PS) and 2% PS (basal diet +2%PS). The trial lasted for 42 days (0 to 42 D of age). The carcass characteristics were recorded for two birds from each replicate at the end of the trial. Result: The broilers fed chlortetracycline and 1% PS recorded the highest (P=0.0205) and those fed only basal diet (negative control) recorded the lowest dressing percentage. Broilers fed diet supplemented with 1 and 2% PS exhibited higher (P less than 0.0001) weight and relative weight of lung than other treatments. Broilers fed diet supplemented with 1 and 2% PS exhibited lower weight (P=0.0032) and relative weight (P=0.0002) of liver when compared with the antibiotic treatment. Feeding 1% PS increased the relative weight of heart quadratically (P=0.044) while 2% PS reduced the weight of heart. Broilers on negative control diet recorded the highest weight (P=0.0002) and relative weight (P less than 0.0001) of kidney.

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131 The effect of increasing phytase dose to 1000 FTU/kg on phosphorous and calcium digestibility in pigs fed diets without inorganic P

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa278.184 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽

pp. 100-101

Author(s):

Carly M Rundle ◽

Barthold Hillen ◽

Yueming Dersjant-Li ◽

Anne-Marie Debicki-Garnier ◽

Hans H Stein

Keyword(s):

Control Diet ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Fecal Excretion ◽

Canola Meal ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Inorganic P ◽

Quadratic Effects ◽

Dose Levels ◽

Dose Dependent

Abstract An experiment was conducted to compare two sources of phytase, Buttiauxella phytase expressed in T. reesei (Phytase B) and a hybrid phytase expressed in A. niger (Phytase H), on the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of phosphorous (P) and calcium (Ca) in pigs fed diets without inorganic P. Eighty barrows (12.8 ± 1.04 kg) were placed in metabolism crates and fed 8 diets (10 pigs/diet). A positive control diet (PC) based on corn, wheat, canola meal, and soybean meal was formulated to contain 0.29% standardized total tract digestible (STTD) P and 0.60% Ca. A negative control (NC) was formulated without inorganic P, and this diet contained 0.48% Ca and 0.19% STTD P. Six additional diets were formulated by adding 250, 500, or 1000 units of each phytase (FTU)/kg to NC. After 5 d of adaptation, feces were collected from the feed fed during the following 4 days. Data were analyzed using contrast statements to compare source of phytase and determine the linear and quadratic effects within each source of phytase. With increasing dosage, fecal excretion of P decreased with phytase B (quadratic, P < 0.05) and tended to decrease with phytase H (P < 0.10), but fecal P was greater (P < 0.05) for phytase H than phytase B. The ATTD of P increased quadratically with increasing dose of either phytase B or phytase H (P < 0.05). Across dose levels, phytase B had greater (P < 0.05) ATTD of P and Ca (77.3 and 83.5%) than phytase H (71.0 and 79.3), indicating that phytase B increases the ATTD of P and Ca to a greater extent than phytase H. In conclusion, both phytase B and phytase H, to a different extent, reduced fecal P excretion and increased ATTD of Ca and P in a dose dependent manner.

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