scholarly journals Digestibility of brewers’ grains by swine

1959 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-179
Author(s):  
L. Paloheimo ◽  
Berit Jahkola
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Digestion Experiment

The digestion experiment was made with two young pigs. The Cr2O3 ratio technique was used. The diet consisted of 4.4 kg wet brewers' grains and 6 kg skim-milk per day per animal. The components of the latter food were presumed to be completely digestible. For the components of the brewers' grains the following average digestibility percentages were obtained: organic matter 43.3; crude protein 58.9; N-free organic matter 38.9; membrane substances 7.8; valuable N-free substances 59.7. According to different food tables the digestibility of the crude protein of brewers' grains is in ruminants 68—73 %, and the corresponding figure for N-free organic matter 59—69. Comparison of the figures presented gives evidence of the inferiority of swine in making use of brewers’ grains.

Studies On Browse Plants in Ghana II. Digestibility, (d) Digestibility Of Grewia Carpinifolia From The Accra Plains, Using Local Cattle As Experimental Animals

1966 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
G. L. Mabey ◽  
R. Rose Innes
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Nutritive Values ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Accra Plains

SummaryDigestibility of the palatable indigenous shrub Grewia carpinifolia was investigated. Digestion coefficients (%) were—organic matter 70, dry matter 70, crude protein 78, crude fibre 54, nitrogenfree extract 81, ether extract 13 and ash 52. Calculated nutritive values were—starch equivalent 27.3 and digestible crude protein 5.0, giving a nutritive ratio of about 1 : 5. The material used was moderately young.

Utilization of grass-silage nitrogen by growing sheep

1983 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Grenet
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Nitrogen Intake ◽  
Green Fodder

SUMMARYThe digestibility, the voluntary intake and the nitrogen balance of 108 diets corresponding to 94 silages prepared from 20 fresh crops were measured in growing sheep. Series of silages were made from the same fresh forage. Each series included two controls: a direct-cut silage without additive and a direct-cut silage with formic acid, with a variable number of experimental silages with different additives.Rumen ammonia concentration, measured on rumen-fistulated sheep, decreased when an additive was used. It increased with nitrogen intake and was inversely related to the organic-matter digestibility and the crude-fibre digestibility. It varied with the silage composition.The crude-protein digestibility of direct-cut silages without additives was similar to or slightly higher than the crude-protein digestibility of the fresh crops. The addition of formic acid depressed the digestibility, but the addition of formaldehyde decreased it even more. The urinary nitrogen loss was higher for silages without additive than for the fresh crops and was decreased by the addition of formic acid. The addition of formaldehyde to formic acid had an additive effect.Retained nitrogen was lower in silages without additives (12% of nitrogen intake) than in parent crops (15·7%). It increased when formic acid (15·8%) was added. The addition of formaldehyde at a low rate (1·5 l/t green fodder) to the formic acid did not increase the nitrogen retention whether expressed in g/day or as percentage of nitrogen intake, but the addition of formaldehyde at a high rate (3·5 l/t green fodder) to formic acid decreased nitrogen retention. The other additives based on cereals or whey did not improve the nitrogen balance compared with formic acid. Nitrogen retention differed according to plant species.Retained nitrogen increased with digestible organic-matter intake and nitrogen intake. It increased with the silage water-soluble carbohydrate content. The higher the silage fermentation product content (ammonia, lactic acid, propionic acid), the lower the retained nitrogen. It appears that the nitrogen value of silages can be high provided that the silages are well preserved and that excessive protein breakdown is avoided.

scholarly journals Introducing Mediterranean Lupins in Lambs’ Diets: Effects on Growth and Digestibility

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 942
Author(s):  
Mariana Almeida ◽  
Sofia Garcia-Santos ◽  
Ana Nunes ◽  
Sara Rito ◽  
Jorge Azevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Lupinus Luteus ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Livestock Feeding

Lupins are suitable candidates to replace soybean meal in livestock feeding in the Mediterranean area, presenting a solution for the European Union’s dependence on soybean importations. This study aimed to assess the effect of incorporating Lupinus albus and Lupinus luteus into Churra da Terra Quente lambs’ diets on growth performance and digestibility. Two trials were conducted over two years. In trial 1, two experimental diets containing 50 g/kg Lupinus albus and 50 g/kg Lupinus luteus were tested. In trial 2, lambs were fed with diets containing higher incorporations of Lupinus luteus (100, 150, and 200 g/kg: LL10, LL15, and LL20, respectively). Total dry matter, hay dry matter, and crude protein intake were calculated, as well as average daily gains. At the end of the growth trials, dry matter, organic matter, and NDF digestibility was determined. Incorporating 50 g/kg of lupins did not affect (p > 0.05) the performance. Lambs fed on LL20 diets presented the lowest HDMI and CPI values (p < 0.05). The highest intakes (p < 0.05) were observed from LL15 lambs. No differences were found in apparent digestibility coefficients between diets (p > 0.05), except for NDF digestibility which was highest (p < 0.05) for LL20. The optimum level of lupin inclusion in lambs’ diets seems to be 150 g/kg.

Haylage from Hungarian sainfoin for cow feeding

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
В. Волошин ◽  
Н. Морозков
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Exchange Energy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Perennial Legume

По результатам научных исследований, выполненных за ряд лет в растениеводстве и животноводстве, показана целесообразность интродукции в кормопроизводство Пермского края новой многолетней бобовой культуры эспарцета песчаного. По четырёхлетним наблюдениям (2012 2015 годы) в полевых опытах культура не уступала по урожайности кормовой массы традиционному для региона клеверу луговому, а по концентрации обменной энергии и сырого протеина в сухом веществе была на уровне клевера лугового и люцерны изменчивой, но в разы превосходила их по содержанию сахара. Сенаж это единственный вид зимнего корма, максимально сохраняющий обменную энергию, протеин, сахар, каротин, достаточно концентрированный, чтобы обеспечивать потребности высокопродуктивных животных. В 2018 году на Лобановском молочном комплексе ООО Русь в Пермском районе Пермского края были проведены научнохозяйственный и физиологический опыты по скармливанию сенажа из эспарцета песчаного голштинизированным коровам чёрнопёстрой породы. При использовании сенажа из эспарцета песчаного животные в сутки потребляли сухого вещества на 2,3 3,9 кг на голову больше по сравнению с группой, где в рационе было сено (контроль). В результате использования сенажа из эспарцета песчаного переваримость сухого вещества рациона у опытных групп животных была выше на 2,55 5,80 по сравнению с контрольной органического вещества на 2,54 4,14 . За учётный период научнохозяйственного опыта (120 дней) от коров опытных групп получено по 399327,2 и 414431,9 кг молока, что со средней степенью достоверности выше продуктивности животных контрольной группы (391045,4). По содержанию молочного жира и молочного белка преимущество достоверно также было за опытными группами. Затраты корма на 1 кг молока составили в контроле 0,74 энергетических корм. ед. (ЭКЕ), в опытных группах 0,71 и 0,69 ЭКЕ. Hungarian sainfoin was shown to be an effective perennial legume crop in the forage production of the Perm Territory. For 4 years (2012 2015) this crop produced forage mass, exchange energy and crude protein comparable to the ones of red clover and bastard alfalfa but exceeded them significantly in carbohydrate content. Haylage is the only type of winter forage that has sufficient concentrations of exchange energy, protein, carbohydrates and carotene, satisfying needs of highproductive livestock in nutrients. Haylage from Hungarian sainfoin was fed to Holstein BlackandWhite cows in the frame of experiments conducted in 2018. Cows consumed 2.3 3.9 kg more of dry matter (DM) with the haylage, compared to hay (control). Digestibilities of DM and organic matter were 2.55 5.80 and 2.54 4.14 higher than in the control group, respectively. For 120 days the experimental groups produced 3993 27.2 and 4144 31.9 kg of milk versus 3910 45.4 kg of the control one. The former also exceeded the latter in milk fat and protein contents. Fodder costs per 1 kg of milk amounted to 0.74 energy feed units in the control and 0.71 and 0.69 energy feed units in the experimental groups.

scholarly journals Comparison on biomass production of three fodder germplasms

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Kanak ◽  
MJ Khan ◽  
MR Debi ◽  
ZH Khandakar ◽  
MK Pikar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Fresh Biomass ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Brachiaria Mutica

The experiment was conducted to study the comparison on biomass production of fodder germplasm. Para (Brachiaria mutica Stapf.), German (Echinochloa crusgalli L.) and Dhal (Hymenachne pseudointerrupta C. Muell) grasses were cultivated in a completely randomized design (CRD). The whole area was divided into nine plots. The area of each unit plot was 6 m x 6 m. Number of cuttings were 16,000 /hectare where Plant to Plant distance was 16 cm and row and raw distance was 16 cm. Equal amount of organic and chemical fertilizer were applied in all cutting. The fodders were first harvested after 60 days of planting, second and third after successive 60 days of re-growth. The findings of the study showed that fresh biomass (p<0.01) and dry biomass yield (p<0.05) of three fodder germplasm differed significantly. Crude protein and organic matter yield were significant (p<0.01) only in the second cutting. German grass was showed significantly higher in CP and OM yield (p<0.01) at second cutting than other grasses. However, no significant effect on plant height was observed among three grasses. From the above findings it may be concluded that among the three fodder germplasm, German fodder showed best result in respect of biomass production. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v42i1.15772 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2013. 42 (1): 35-39

Effect of dietary fibre level on amino acid digestibility in young pigs

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Li ◽  
W. C. Sauer ◽  
R. T. Hardin
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Period Change ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Average Body

Studies were carried out with 12 pigs (Yorkshire × Landrace) to determine the effect of dietary fibre level on amino acid digestibility. The pigs were weaned at 21 d of age and fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum at 23 or 24 d of age. The pigs were fed four isonitrogenous corn starch-based soybean meal diets (22.5 % crude protein) containing 4.3, 7.3, 10.3 and 13.3% Solkafloc according to a balanced two-period change-over design. The pigs were fed four times daily, equal amounts, at 6-h intervals. The diets were supplied at a rate of 5% of the average body weight which was determined at the initiation of the first (8.8 kg) and second (11.7 kg) experimental period. Each experimental period comprised 10 d. Feces were collected for 48 h on days 6 and 7 and ileal digesta for 24 h during days 8, 9 and 10. Chromic oxide was used as digestibility marker. The dietary inclusion of Solkafloc, up to 13.3 %, did not affect (P > 0.05) the apparent ileal as well as the fecal digestibilities of crude protein and amino acids. In conclusion, starter pigs can tolerate up to 13.3% Solkafloc, equivalent to 16.8% neutral-detergent fibre, in corn starch-based soybean meal diets without a depression in amino acid digestibility. Key words: Young pigs, fibre, amino acids, digestibility

scholarly journals Artificial rearing of pigs

1980 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Newport ◽  
H. D. Keal
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Single Cell Protein ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
Milk Diet ◽  
Protein Nitrogen

1. Spray-dried diets were prepared containing (g/kg): dried skim-milk 665, dried whey 65, soya-bean oil 270 (diet U); or single-cell protein (Pruteen; SCP) 308, dried whey 440, soya-bean oil 252 (diet X). The diets had a crude protein (nitrogen × 6·25) content (g/kg) of 250 (diet U) and 240 (diet X), excluding nucleic acids (36 g/kg) in diet X.2. The diets were reconstituted (200 g dry matter/l) and mixtures of diets U and X prepared to give diets supplying 0 (diet U), and approximately 400 (diet V), 600 (diet W) and 800 (diet X) g crude protein from SCP/kg total protein. All diets were supplemented with vitamins, and minerals to equalize the calcium, phosphorous, sodium and potassium concentrations.3. Pigs weaned at 2 d of age were given the diets at hourly intervals on a scale based on live weight. At 28 d age the experiment was terminated and pigs killed 1 h after a feed for a study of protein digestion. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was fed in the diets (0.5 g/l) for 24 h before slaughter.4. Performance of pigs fed on diet V was as good as on the all-milk diet U. Greater levels of replacement by SCP (diets W and X) reduced performance. Mortality was greater on the all-milk diet, but protein source had no effect on the incidence of scouring. N retention (g/d per kg live weight) was similar for all diets but declined with age.5. SCP appeared to stimulate secretion of pepsin and chymotrypsin, and reduced the pH value in digesta in the stomach. Enzyme adaptation may have been insufficient to digest high levels of SCP in the diet, and together with the decreased transit time observed using PEG as a marker, may account for the poorer performance when 600 or 800 g/kg milk protein was replaced.6. Nucleic acids from SCP were metabolized and not retained for tissue synthesis. Allantoin excretion accounted for 75% of the theoretical maximum for complete excretion of nucleic acids, and uric acid excretion was also increased.

scholarly journals Intake and digestibility of crossbred goats finished on caatinga grassland receiving feed supplementation during dry season

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Cézar da SILVA ◽  
Adriana GUIM ◽  
Gladston Rafael de Arruda SANTOS ◽  
Evaristo Jorge de Oliveira SOUZA ◽  
Stela Antas URBANO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Substitution Effect ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Feed Supplementation ◽  
Total Carbohydrates

SUMMARY It was evaluated the effect of feed supplementation at 0.4; 0.8 and 1.2% of body weight (BW) on intake and digestibility of crossbred goats finished on caatinga, in relation to crossbred goats not supplemented (0.0% of BW). Thirty-two crossbred, Anglo-Nubian goats were used, eight months old and with body weight of 18 ± 2.5 kg, organised into randomised blocks, which were kept on 37 hectares of caatinga from 7 h to 16 h. Intake of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, neutral and acid detergent fibre, total carbohydrates and total digestible nutrients was influenced (P<0.05) by the levels of feed supplementation, with linear increases of 202.31; 179.42; 25.05; 11.83; 35.79; 12.27; 142.63 and 166.79 g animal-1 day-1 respectively. There was a substitution effect (P<0.05) on dry matter intake when using feed supplementation at 0.7% BW. Feed supplementation resulted in positive linear effect (P<0.05) for digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, total carbohydrates, total digestible-nutrient content and digestible energy, with an increase of 17.15; 16.64; 19.07; 44.74; 15.15 and 17.56% for dry matter, and 0.69 Mcal kg-1 of dry matter respectively. Final body weight, total gain and average daily gain, showed a linear increase (P<.005) of 2.60, 3.09 and 0.036 kg per percentage point of each additional level of supplement. Feed supplementation increases the intake and digestibility of total dry matter and nutrients, a fact that makes greater performance possible, and recommends use up to a level of 0.7% BW to avoid any substitution effect.

scholarly journals Nutrient absorption in lambs fed diets containing different amounts of phosphorus

2013 ◽  
pp. 3444-3451
Author(s):  
René Patiño P ◽  
Tanimara Soares da Silva ◽  
José C. Da Silva Filho ◽  
Mohamed Emad Nasser ◽  
Dorinha Smith Vitti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Absorption Coefficients ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
Reliable Parameter

ABSTRACTObjective. Evaluate the effect of increasing P intake on nutrient digestibility, and compare the true and apparent absorption coefficients of P and Ca in lambs. Materials and methods. Twenty-four Santa Ines sheep, with an average weight of 33.6 ± 1.6 kg, were distributed into four treatments (0, 2, 4 and 6 g/day of supplementary P) with forage: concentrate ratio of 70:30. The study of apparent nutrient digestibility was conducted during the first week, using the total feces collection method. During the second week, after injection of 7.4 MBq of 32P and 7.7 MBq of 45Ca, apparent (AAC) and true (TAC) absorption coefficients of P and Ca were determined. The lambs were kept in metabolic cages. Results. The increase in P intake did not affect (p>0.05) dry matter, crude protein, NDF or ADF digestibility, but the TAC of P and Ca and mineral matter digestibility decreased. The AAC was not affected (p=0.10). A cubic relationship was observed between P intake and TAC (TAC=2.16–1.95X+0.55X2-0.04X3; R2=0.38) and linear relationship with the TAC of Ca (TAC=0.559–0.03X; R2=0.26). TAC and AAC values were different (p<0.001). Conclusions. The increase in P intake doesn’t impact organic matter digestibility, but does affect P and Ca absorption. Apparent digestibility is not a reliable parameter to determine the efficiency of P and Ca absorption.

scholarly journals The influence of the method of preservation of forages on the digestion in dairy cows. 1. Composition of the forages and digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and nitrogen.

1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
S. Tamminga ◽  
C.J. van der Koelen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mixed Diet ◽  
Apparent Digestibility

1. Grass from the same sward was ensiled without additive, with 14.6 g formic acid/100 g crude protein or 10.8 g formic acid and 10.6 g formaldehyde/100 g crude protein. Similar grass was dried and pelleted. Drying or ensiling with the mixture reduced solubility of N in the preserved grass but formic acid increased it, and ensiling without additive increased it even more. Apparent digestibility of N in the rumen of cows tended to decrease with decrease in solubility. Digestibility in vitro of the mixed diet given to the cows, calculated from digestibility of the separate components, agreed well with the values in vivo for diets with silages, but was high for that with dried grass. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

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