scholarly journals Effects of school closure on transmission of COVID-19. A rapid systematic review

2020 ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
Zana Faris Muhammed
Keyword(s):  
Search Strategy ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
School Closure ◽  
After School ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
The Social ◽  
Control And Management ◽  
The Impact

Globally school closure is one of the social distancing strategies used to mitigate transmission of pandemic novel corona virus (COVID-19) among school populations. However, there are uncertainties around when, how and for how long schools need to be closed. There is limited evidence for the impact of school closure on the number of cases and spread of COVID-19 to inform management of future outbreaks.  Several databases were searched using an adapted search strategy to obtain studies that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A large number of studies were found and they were quality appraised.  Eight good quality studies were identified and these were reviewed. The studies that contained the desired outcomes were three epidemiological studies, and five modeling studies using actual data that making assumptions about changes in transmission dynamics after school closure is applied. The results show that schools were closed for different timings related to the peak epidemics. School closure almost reduced the transmission of the COVID-19. Delay in closing schools and combinations with other control and management measures may affect the likelihood of drawing consistent conclusions about the effectiveness of school closure on COVID-19.     

scholarly journals Impacts of school closure due to COVID-19 on the mobility trend of Japanese citizens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Hai Nam ◽  
Anh PN Nguyen ◽  
Bao-Tran Do Le ◽  
Abdelrahman Gamil Gad ◽  
Abdelrahman Sherif Mohamed Abdelnae Abdalla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Measure ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
School Closure ◽  
After School ◽  
Median Percentage ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Before School ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Staying At Home

School closure was the only main control measure that Japan took into action from late February to late March in 2020. Accurate evaluation of how Japanese citizens responded to the impact of school closure remains a challenge. Data from the Google COVID-19 Community Mobility Report was used to analyze the mobility trend of Japanese citizens regarding six categories, including retail and recreation, grocery and pharmacy, parks, transit stations, workplace, and residential. The median percentage of mobility in all 47 prefectures of Japan was calculated during five periods of time, including one week before school closure, one week, two weeks, three weeks, and four weeks after school closure. There was a significant decline in the mobility trend of transit stations, grocery and pharmacy, parks, retail and recreation, and workplace at the moment after school closure compared to the prior period. Inversely, the mobility trend in staying at home remarkably increased following the implementation of school closure. Our study determined a significant change in the mobility trend of Japanese citizens before and after school closure. These data reflected the responsibility and the consciousness of Japanese citizens in mitigating COVID-19.

scholarly journals How Did Students Perceive Classroom Learning under Strict COVID-19 Pandemic Closures and Restrictions?

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-148
Author(s):  
Takayoshi Sako
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
School Closure ◽  
After School ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Prevention Guidelines ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 required strict infection prevention measures worldwide, including school closure. After school reopened, we implemented Japan’s strict COVID measures, under which close contact in pairs or groups, as well as vocalizing in unison, was proscribed, with students having to remain quiet and face the blackboard. This study’s aim is to answer the question of how students felt about learning under such extreme constraints. One of the most noticeable findings from the responses to the survey of the 2020 class was that they felt the lack of collaborative learning experiences; hence, in 2021, we implemented changes that would allow for more collaboration while still adhering to COVID prevention guidelines. Among the various collaborative learning activities in the classroom, students reported that they found value in debate activities that challenged their English language skills and critical thinking. Overall, however, students found comfort and value in a semblance of learning with their peers. It was concluded that even in a volatile and uncertain situation, such as a pandemic, it is crucial to improve environments for collaborative learning. In the future, quantitative study of the impact of collaborative learning on students’ English proficiency will be a useful follow-up study.

Influence of social determinants on health and well-being of children and adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 3-4 (213-214) ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
Dariya Doskabulova ◽  
◽  
Arstan Mamyrbaev ◽  
Artashes Tadevosyan ◽  
Aiman Kaldybaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Social Determinant ◽  
Aim Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health And Well Being

The formation of the health of adolescent children is carried out under the influence of many risk factors, including non-medical determinants: lifestyle, socio-economic, household factors and living conditions. Conducting epidemiological studies to identify the leading risk factors for the lifestyle and quality of life of adolescents is currently consistent with the basic directions of development of preventive medicine. Aim. Analysis of literature data, leading factors, the impact of social determinants on the health and well-being of children and adolescents. Material and methods. The choice of publications was made according to keywords that reflected between the indicators of the health of children and adolescents and the factors that influence them. Assessment of the influence of social determinants on the health of children and adolescents made it possible to prepare comprehensive measures to improve the health and health of children and adolescents. Conclusions. In the literature review, the social conditions studied have a decisive influence on the formation of the lifestyle, health and well-being of children and adolescents. Keywords: сhildren, adolescents, social determinant.

scholarly journals Impact of School Closure Due to COVID-19 on the Social-Emotional Skills of Japanese Pre-school Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satomi Doi ◽  
Keitaro Miyamura ◽  
Aya Isumi ◽  
Takeo Fujiwara
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
School Closure ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
School Closures ◽  
Emotional Skills ◽  
School Activities ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

Objective: This study examines the impact on the social-emotional skills of Japanese pre-school children from downsizing of school activities in conjunction with voluntary school closures due to the first wave of COVID-19, in 2020.Methods: Participants included 32 children aged 4–5 years old from three pre-schools in Tokyo, Japan, where strict lockdown was not implemented and voluntary school closure was recommended. Child social-emotional skills was assessed by classroom teachers using Devereux Student Strengths Assessment mini (DESSA-mini) three times: November 2019, January 2020 (before the COVID-19), and March 2020 (during the first COVID-19 wave). All pre-schools implemented voluntary school closures from March 2nd, and two schools (school A and B) canceled school recitals, while one school (school C) allowed for it to be held on March 4th, with precautions in place to prevent the spread of infection. Repeated measures ANOVA were performed to examine the difference between the T scores of the DESSA-mini three pre-schools before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.Results: In school C, children showed stable T scores of the DESSA-mini, whereas children in school A and B showed lower T scores of the DESSA-mini during COVID-19 than before it started. The interaction effects between time and pre-schools were found (F = 7.05, p < 0.001).Conclusion: Our findings suggest that school recitals in pre-schools were important to maintaining children's social-emotional skills during the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals The effect of control measures on COVID-19 transmission in South Korea

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0249262
Author(s):  
Taeyong Lee ◽  
Hee-Dae Kwon ◽  
Jeehyun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Rate ◽  
School Closure ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
After School ◽  
Epidemic Threshold ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Age Structured ◽  
Net Reproduction ◽  
The Impact

Countries around the world have taken control measures to mitigate the spread of COVID-19, including Korea. Social distancing is considered an essential strategy to reduce transmission in the absence of vaccination or treatment. While interventions have been successful in controlling COVID-19 in Korea, maintaining the current restrictions incurs great social costs. Thus, it is important to analyze the impact of different polices on the spread of the epidemic. To model the COVID-19 outbreak, we use an extended age-structured SEIR model with quarantine and isolation compartments. The model is calibrated to age-specific cumulative confirmed cases provided by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA). Four control measures—school closure, social distancing, quarantine, and isolation—are investigated. Because the infectiousness of the exposed has been controversial, we study two major scenarios, considering contributions to infection of the exposed, the quarantined, and the isolated. Assuming the transmission rate would increase more than 1.7 times after the end of social distancing, a second outbreak is expected in the first scenario. The epidemic threshold for increase of contacts between teenagers after school reopening is 3.3 times, which brings the net reproduction number to 1. The threshold values are higher in the second scenario. If the average time taken until isolation and quarantine reduces from three days to two, cumulative cases are reduced by 60% and 47% in the first scenario, respectively. Meanwhile, the reduction is 33% and 41%, respectively, for rapid isolation and quarantine in the second scenario. Without social distancing, a second wave is possible, irrespective of whether we assume risk of infection by the exposed. In the non-infectivity of the exposed scenario, early detection and isolation are significantly more effective than quarantine. Furthermore, quarantining the exposed is as important as isolating the infectious when we assume that the exposed also contribute to infection.

scholarly journals The Impact on Children's Mental Health of School Closures to Prevent the Spread of the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuma Ishimoto ◽  
Takahiro Yamane ◽  
Yuki Matsumoto ◽  
Katsutoshi Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
School Adjustment ◽  
Children’S Mental Health ◽  
School Closure ◽  
Children's Mental Health ◽  
After School ◽  
Emotional Symptoms ◽  
The Impact

In Japan, schools were suddenly closed all over the country with one month left at the end of the school year to prevent the spread of new coronavirus infections. Although previous studies have shown that quarantine and isolation have a negative impact on mental health, the impact of school closure on children's mental health is not clear. This study examined mental health indicators, such as emotional symptoms, in addition to behavior during school closure and anxiety after school resumes, among children in three primary schools for which survey data existed in December before school closure. No cases of infection have been confirmed in the area where the school was located at the time of the survey. As a result, anxiety about whether they would be able to return to their normal routine after school resumed was associated with mental health. In addition, there was a worsening of emotional symptoms in those who were in medium group of school adjustment as of December.

scholarly journals Effects of an After-School Program Focused on Physical Activity and Social–Emotional Learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 292-305
Author(s):  
Caitlin Olive ◽  
Bryan A. McCullick ◽  
Phillip Tomporowski ◽  
Karen Lux Gaudreault ◽  
Kelly Simonton
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Character Development ◽  
Social Emotional Learning ◽  
Emotional Learning ◽  
After School ◽  
School Program ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
The Social ◽  
After School Program ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of a 4-week, physical activity-infused social–emotional and character development (SECD) intervention on students’ self-perceptions. Children (N=29) identified as “at risk” (The Great Schools Partnership, 2013) in Grades 2 through 5 who were enrolled in an after-school program participated in the study. A quasi-experimental design was used as children were placed into 2 groups at each after-school program (ASP) site. Data collection included student completion of the Social Emotional Learning Scale (SELS) prior to the intervention and the Social-Emotional Character Development Scale (SECD) pre- and post-intervention. A 2 x 2 repeated measures analysis of covariance (RM-ANCOVA) was used to evaluate main effects and interactions among the independent variables (group and time) on the dependent variable (SECDS). Several covariates were also accounted for when analyzing differences including grade, gender, and students’ baseline trait scores on the SELS. Although no statistical interactions were found, the trend in the data across the groups and grades does provide information for the impact and feasibility of this type of program. More research is needed including interventions with longer duration and studies with larger sample sizes.

The Impact of School Closures on Equity of Access in Chicago

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Lee ◽  
Christopher Lubienski
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
School Closure ◽  
After School ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
School Closures ◽  
School Closing ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Closure Policy ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the impact of school closures on the sociospatial distribution of equitable access to schooling following the school closure policy pursued by the Chicago Public Schools in 2013. By examining access in terms of proximity between students and schools, the study estimates the changes in accessibility before and after school closings. The change in accessibility is compared with density maps constructed around a number of variables, including population aged 5 through 14 by race and ethnicity, proportion of families with children younger than 18 years old below the poverty level, and crime incidence during the previous 12 months. The overall results suggest that school closing may cause sociogeographic inequality in access to education.

The Impact of Endorsing the Belief in a Just World on Social Judgments

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoît Testé ◽  
Samantha Perrin
Keyword(s):  
Social Desirability ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Social Utility ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Social Judgments ◽  
Just World ◽  
The Social ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
The Impact

The present research examines the social value attributed to endorsing the belief in a just world for self (BJW-S) and for others (BJW-O) in a Western society. We conducted four studies in which we asked participants to assess a target who endorsed BJW-S vs. BJW-O either strongly or weakly. Results showed that endorsement of BJW-S was socially valued and had a greater effect on social utility judgments than it did on social desirability judgments. In contrast, the main effect of endorsement of BJW-O was to reduce the target’s social desirability. The results also showed that the effect of BJW-S on social utility is mediated by the target’s perceived individualism, whereas the effect of BJW-S and BJW-O on social desirability is mediated by the target’s perceived collectivism.

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