scholarly journals Assessment of L-Citrulline, L-Arginine and L-Glutamic Acid Content in Selected Fruits, Vegetables, Seeds, and Nuts Sold in Markets in Nairobi City County, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peninnah Mueni Mulwa ◽  
Wilson Njue ◽  
Margaret Ng’ang’a
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
Button Mushroom ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Healing Of Wounds ◽  
Statistical Analysis Software ◽  
Internal Production

Background: L-citrulline, L-arginine, and L-glutamic acid are amino acids which are vital in the human body. L-citrulline boosts immunity, combats sarcopenia, detoxifies the liver, and enhances male fertility. L-arginine boosts internal production of nitric oxide, prevents abnormal blood clotting and accelerates healing of wounds. L-glutamic acid cleanses the central nervous system and improves overall brain health. Deficiency of these amino acids can lead to accumulation of ammonia and impact negatively to the nervous systems of the human body. This study aimed to identify and determine the levels of L-citrulline, L-arginine, and L-glutamic acid in selected fruits, vegetables, nuts, and seeds sold in markets in Nairobi City County, Kenya using Liquid Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). Materials and Methods: Data was collected from 28 selected samples and data analysis was done using Statistical Analysis Software (SAS) version 9.4. Results: LC-MS showed the presence of both L-arginine and L-citrulline in most fruits, vegetables, and nuts while L-glutamic acid was present in the seeds. The levels of the amino acids in the fruits and vegetables were in the following range: L-citrulline (0.65- 19.41 mg/100g) in the button mushroom, cucumber, pumpkin, amaranthus, and kales, (3.16-3.79 mg/100g) in the watermelons and (1.57-10.21 mg/100g) in the nuts. L-arginine was in the range; 1.73 - 16.48 mg/100g in the amaranthus, kales, button mushroom, butternut squash, and cucumber, 5.44-6.56 mg/100g in the watermelons and 0.93-10.73 mg/100g in the nuts and L-glutamic acid (0.013-0.28 mg/100g) in the seeds of pumpkin, butternut, and watermelons. Conclusion: The results showed that locally available vegetables, fruits and nuts are rich in L-citrulline and L-arginine.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effects of Charged Amino Acids on Uncontrolled Seizures

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Ali Ebrahimi ◽  
Saeed Ebrahimi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Adjuvant Therapies ◽  
Charged Amino Acids ◽  
The World ◽  
Epileptic Patients ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Introduction. Epilepsy is one of the most common diseases of the central nervous system. The prevalence of epilepsy throughout the world is 0.5 to 1%, and the same rate is 7.8 per 1000 in Kerman. Almost 20 to 30% of epileptic patients do not respond properly to common medications. The present study investigated patients who did not respond to common and, even in some cases, adjuvant therapies, with two seizures or more per week, regardless of the type of the inflicted epilepsy.Methodology. The participants of the present double-blind study were randomly selected into three 10-member groups of uncontrolled epileptic patients (arginine, glutamic acid, and lysine). The patients used amino acid powder dissolved in water (three times the daily need) every day for two weeks before breakfast. The number of seizures was recorded one week prior to commencing amino acid use, as well as the first and the second weeks subsequent to use.Results. A total of 32 patients were studied in three groups. The decline rates of seizures were 53%, 41%, and 13%, and thePvalue was 0.013, 0.027, and 0.720, respectively.Conclusion. Administration of the charged amino acids, arginine, and glutamic acid can decrease the seizures of patients suffering from uncontrolled epilepsy.

scholarly journals (Neuro) Peptides, Physical Activity, and Cognition

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juho Autio ◽  
Ville Stenbäck ◽  
Dominique D. Gagnon ◽  
Juhani Leppäluoto ◽  
Karl-Heinz Herzig
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
Insulin Growth Factor ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Regular physical activity (PA) improves cognitive functions, prevents brain atrophy, and delays the onset of cognitive decline, dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease. Presently, there are no specific recommendations for PA producing positive effects on brain health and little is known on its mediators. PA affects production and release of several peptides secreted from peripheral and central tissues, targeting receptors located in the central nervous system (CNS). This review will provide a summary of the current knowledge on the association between PA and cognition with a focus on the role of (neuro)peptides. For the review we define peptides as molecules with less than 100 amino acids and exclude myokines. Tachykinins, somatostatin, and opioid peptides were excluded from this review since they were not affected by PA. There is evidence suggesting that PA increases peripheral insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels and elevated serum IGF-1 levels are associated with improved cognitive performance. It is therefore likely that IGF-1 plays a role in PA induced improvement of cognition. Other neuropeptides such as neuropeptide Y (NPY), ghrelin, galanin, and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) could mediate the beneficial effects of PA on cognition, but the current literature regarding these (neuro)peptides is limited.

PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF POLYPEPTIDE AND AMINO ACIDS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NERVOUS TISSUE CULTURE IN THE PRESENCE OF CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE

2017 ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
V. B. Dolgo-Saburov ◽  
N. I. Chalisova ◽  
L. V. Lyanginen ◽  
E. S. Zalomaeva
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Organotypic Culture ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Mustard Gas ◽  
Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Combined Administration ◽  
The Central Nervous System

In an organotypic culture, an investigation was conducted into combined effects of cyclophosphamide DNA as synthesis inhibitor used to model a resorptive action of mustard gas, and cortexin polypeptide or each of 20 encoded amino acids on the development of cell proliferation in cerebral cortex explants of the rat. The combined administration of cyclophosphamide together with cortexin or with each of the 20 encoded amino acids, except glycine, showed suppression of the cytostatic agent inhibitory effect. Thus, cortexin and amino acids have a protective effect on cell proliferation in the tissue culture of the central nervous system under the action of mustardlike substances.

The Effects of Different Kinds of Nutrition and Functional Foods on Multiple Sclerosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 632-637
Author(s):  
Masih Falahatian
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Dietary Salt ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Dietary Salt Intake ◽  
Neuroinflammatory Disease ◽  
The Central Nervous System

It is an assumption that different kinds of nutrition, diet, and functional foods might have different positive or negative effects on multiple sclerosis (MS), a neuroinflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). This brief paper involved a study on various kinds of nutrition including salt, fat, dairy, fruit, and vegetables. At the end of this study, appropriate diets were evaluated for MS patients. Based on previous studies both on animal models and on MS patients, excessive dietary salt intake and animal fat had worsening effects on MS patients but fruit and vegetable intake helped the remission of MS and decreased the risk of developing it. There were, of course, conflicting results in different studies over the role of some nutrition in MS and future studies on larger numbers of cases were required to collect reliable results. As a result, at the end of this study and based on literature, it is suggested that a diet should be programmed by nutritionists containing fewer salt, fat, and dairy intake and more fruits and vegetables for MS patients in order to better management of the disease.

scholarly journals Metabolite profiling during graft union formation reveals the reprogramming of primary metabolism and the induction of stilbene synthesis at the graft interface in grapevine

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Duyên Prodhomme ◽  
Josep Valls Fonayet ◽  
Cyril Hévin ◽  
Céline Franc ◽  
Ghislaine Hilbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Union Formation ◽  
Primary Metabolism ◽  
Graft Union ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Graft Interface

Abstract Background Grafting with rootstocks is essential for the culture of many perennial fruit crops and is increasing being used in the production of annual fruits and vegetables. Our previous work based on microarrays showed that transcripts encoding enzymes of both primary and secondary metabolism were differentially expressed during graft union formation in both homo-grafts (a genotype grafted with itself) and hetero-grafts (two different genotypes grafted together). The aim of this study was to profile primary and secondary metabolites, and quantify the activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and neutral invertase (NI) in the scion and rootstock tissues and the graft interface of homo and hetero-grafts of grapevine 1 month after grafting. Table-top grafting was done on over-wintering stems (canes) of grapevine and the graft interface tissues (containing some woody stem tissues and callus) were compared to the surrounding rootstock and scion tissues. The objective was to identify compounds involved in graft union formation and hetero-grafting responses. Results A total of 54 compounds from primary and secondary metabolism (19 amino acids, five primary and 30 secondary compounds metabolites) and the activity of two enzymes were measured. The graft interface was associated with an increase in the accumulation of the branched-chain amino acids, basic amino acids, certain stilbene compounds and higher PAL and NI activity in comparison to the surrounding woody stem tissues. Some amino acids and stilbenes were identified as being accumulated differently between the graft interfaces of the scion/rootstock combinations in a manner which was unrelated to their concentrations in the surrounding woody stem tissues. Conclusions This study revealed the modification of primary metabolism to support callus cell formation and the stimulation of stilbene synthesis at the graft interface, and how these processes are modified by hetero-grafting. Knowledge of the metabolites and/or enzymes required for successful graft union formation offer us the potential to identify markers that could be used by nurseries and researchers for selection and breeding purposes.

scholarly journals Autoantibodies in Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (NPSLE): Can They Be Used as Biomarkers for the Differential Diagnosis of This Disease?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Manca
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
The Central Nervous System

AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus is a complex immunological disease where both environmental factors and genetic predisposition lead to the dysregulation of important immune mechanisms. Eventually, the combination of these factors leads to the production of self-reactive antibodies that can target any organ or tissue of the human body. Autoantibodies can form immune complexes responsible for both the organ damage and the most severe complications. Involvement of the central nervous system defines a subcategory of the disease, generally known with the denomination of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus. Neuropsychiatric symptoms can range from relatively mild manifestations, such as headache, to more severe complications, such as psychosis. The evaluation of the presence of the autoantibodies in the serum of these patients is the most helpful diagnostic tool for the assessment of the disease. The scientific progresses achieved in the last decades helped researchers and physicians to discover some of autoepitopes targeted by the autoantibodies, although the majority of them have not been identified yet. Additionally, the central nervous system is full of epitopes that cannot be found elsewhere in the human body, for this reason, autoantibodies that selectively target these epitopes might be used for the differential diagnosis between patients with and without the neuropsychiatric symptoms. In this review, the most relevant data is reported with regard to mechanisms implicated in the production of autoantibodies and the most important autoantibodies found among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with and without the neuropsychiatric manifestations.

ChemInform Abstract: Enantiocontrolled Synthesis of Two Amino Acids. (S)-Glutamic Acid and ( S)-2-Aminoadipic Acid.

ChemInform ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (40) ◽  
pp. no-no
Author(s):  
S. TAKANO ◽  
T. KAMIKUBO ◽  
M. MORIYA ◽  
K. OGASAWARA
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid

EFFECTS OF HYPOGLYCIN A ON THE METABOLISM OF AMINO ACIDS BY LIVER SLICES

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Patrick ◽  
L. C. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Liver Slices

The effects of hypoglycin A on the metabolism of L-leucine-C14, L-alanine-C14, and L-glutamic-acid-C14 by rat liver slices have been investigated. Hypoglycin exerted markedly inhibitory effects on the conversion of leucine-C14 to fatty acid, cholesterol, and CO2. Conversion of alanine-C14 and glutamic acid-C14 to fatty acids was also inhibited by hypoglycin. No effects of hypoglycin on the conversion of C14-amino acids into protein or glycogen were demonstrated.

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