scholarly journals SHIFTING THE SYSTEM OF INDONESIAN WORD FORMATION; THE STUDY ON MORPHOLOGY AND SOCIOLINGUISTICS OF ACRONYMS, BLENDING, AND CLIPPING

Humanus ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
M Zaim
Keyword(s):  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Language Shift ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
New Words ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Formation System ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia ◽  
The Way

The general guidelines of Indonesian word formation as annexed in appendix II of the reference standard of the Indonesian Grammar has not yet accommodated the Indonesian word formation system used by the Indonesian speakers today. Meanwhile, a new system of word formation began to emerge and the old paradigm shift in conjunction with the development of science and technology, and the change of social, cultural, and political paradigm. As a result, the reference standard of Indonesian grammar is no longer adequate to understand the system of the formation of the new words. Morphological studies, which analyze the internal structure of the words can be used as a theoretical foundation to address the issues of the Indonesian word formation. From the other side, sociolinguistic studies, which analyze the link of language with the language speakers in the community, can give meaning to the word formation shift. This article discusses (1) the morphological shift of the Indonesian word formation system of acronyms, blending, and clipping, (2) the sociolinguistic functions of the word formation, and (3) the productivity of the word formation system. The study of the shift of word formation system revealed a shift in the way of thinking and the way of looking at social, cultural, and political problems of the Indonesian speakers nowadays. Keywords: word formation, language shift, morphology, sociolinguistics, blending, clipping, acronymPERGESERAN SISTIM PEMBENTUKAN KATA BAHASA INDONESIA:KAJIAN MORFOLOGIS DAN SOSIOLINGUISTIK AKRONIM, BLENDING, DAN KLIPING AbstrakPedoman umum pembentukan kata Bahasa Indonesia pada Lampiran II Tata Bahasa Baku Bahasa Indonesia belum mengakomodasi sistem pembentukan kata Bahasa Indonesia yang digunakan oleh penutur Indonesia saat ini. Sementara itu, sistem pembentukan kata baru mulai bermunculan menggeser paradigma lama bersamaan dengan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi, serta perubahan paradigma sosial, budaya, dan politik. Akibatnya, standar acuan tata bahasa Indonesia sudah tidak memadai lagi untuk memahami sistem pembentukan kata baru. Kajian morfologi, yang menganalisa struktur internal kata dapat dijadikan landasan teoritis untuk mengatasi permasalahan pembentukan kata bahasa Indonesia. Dari sisi lain, kajian sosiolinguistik, yang menganalisa hubungan bahasa dengan penutur bahasa di masyarakat, bisa memberi makna pada pergeseran pembentukan kata ini. Artikel ini membahas (1) pergeseran morfologis sistem pembentukan kata dalam bahasa Indonesia pada bentuk akronim, blending, dan kliping, (2) fungsi sosiolinguistik dari pembentukan kata, dan (3) produktivitas sistem pembentukan kata. Kajian tentang pergeseran sistem pembentukan kata mengungkapkan adanya pergeseran cara berpikir dan cara melihat masalah sosial, budaya, dan politik para penutur Bahasa Indonesia saat ini.Kata kunci: pembentukan kata, pergeseran bahasa, morfologi, sosiolinguistik, blending, kliping, akronim

scholarly journals Shifting the system of Indonesian word formation: the study of morphology and sociolinguistics of acronyms, blending, and clipping

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Zaim
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
New Words ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Formation System ◽  
New System ◽  
The Way

The general guidelines of Indonesian word formation as annexed in appendix II of thereference standard of the Indonesian Grammar has not yet accommodated theIndonesian word formation system used by the Indonesian speakers today.Meanwhile, a new system of word formation began to emerge and the old paradigmshift in conjunction with the development of science and technology, and the changeof social, cultural, and political paradigm. As a result, the reference standard ofIndonesian grammar is no longer adequate to understand the system of the formationof the new words. Morphological studies, which analyze the internal structure of thewords can be used as a theoretical foundation to address the issues of the Indonesianword formation. From the other side, sociolinguistic studies, which analyze the link oflanguage with the language speakers in the community, can give meaning to the wordformation shift. This article discusses (1) the morphological shift of the Indonesianword formation system of acronyms, blending, and clipping, (2) the sociolinguisticfunctions of the word formation, and (3) the productivity of the word formationsystem. The study of the shift of word formation system revealed a shift in the way ofthinking and the way of looking at social, cultural, and political problems of theIndonesian speakers nowadays.

scholarly journals Semantic adaptations of the Arabic loanwords in the Indonesian language

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Ali Ahmed Julul ◽  
Nabilah Myrrha Rahmawati ◽  
Deny Arnos Kwary ◽  
Ni Wayan Sartini
Keyword(s):  
Arabic Language ◽  
New Words ◽  
Loan Words ◽  
Cultural Concepts ◽  
Semantic Adaptation ◽  
Five Senses ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia ◽  
The Way

This paper investigates the adaptation of Arabic loanwords in the Indonesian language semantically. The data were taken from Kamus Basar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) fifth edition. 1,870 words are listed in the KBBI as Arabic loan words. The definitions of these words were compared with their original Arabic definitions found in Almaany Arabic dictionary (2019) to determine the semantic adaptations. The analysis shows that most of the Arabic loanwords in the Indonesian language have retained the same meanings as their originals in the Arabic language. However, there have been semantic adaptations in which eighteen words have been narrowed, nine words have been extended, and seven words have gone through the shifting process. The narrowing was due to absorbing of only one meaning of a word that had many meanings in Arabic ,  borrowing the old meanings of the words that have been extended recently due to the advent of technology, filling any existing gap or borrowing of new words along with cultural concepts. The extending was due to overgeneralizing some Arabic affixes and forms ,leaving one form of a word to represent the meanings of the others or assigning names to things by the way people perceive them by their five senses . The shifting occurred mainly because of borrowing of new words along with cultural concepts, assigning names to things by the way they are perceived by the five senses or overgeneralizing of forms that occurred in Arabic loanwords.It is hoped that the findings of this study will be useful to researchers interested in semantic adaptation of loanwords.

scholarly journals COMPOSITES-ADVERBS IN THE DIGOR DIALECT OF THE OSSETIAN LANGUAGE

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-78
Author(s):  
И.Н. ЦАЛЛАГОВА
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
New Words ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Speech Features ◽  
Lexical Composition ◽  
Formation System ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Существенную часть лексического состава любого языка составляют дериваты, ввиду этого, особое значение в номинативной деятельности человека приобретает словообразование. Всестороннее и разноаспектное исследование словообразователь­ной системы языков и их диалектов является одной из самых актуальных проблем в современном языкознании. Данное исследование посвящено одному из самых про­дуктивных способов словообразования – словосложению (композитообразованию) в дигорском диалекте осетинского языка. Существует ряд научных трудов по данной проблеме, но они освещают лишь отдельные словообразовательные виды, типы и модели, комплексного исследования композитного словообразования в дигорском ди­алекте не проводилось. Следует подчеркнуть, что словосложение по-разному прояв­ляет себя в разных частях речи. Особенности наблюдаются как в характере связи компонентов, так и в различной продуктивности самих типов сложений и разных лексико-грамматических классах слов. Отдельное изучение словообразования каждой части речи дает возможность выделить все способы и все средства, свойственные этой части речи. Исследование словообразовательных типов новых слов, их появ­ления в результате различных взаимодействий с другими словообразовательными типами может дать представление о том, какие тенденции проявляются в совре­менной словообразовательной системе языка. В соответствии с этим, основной це­лью работы является структурно-семантический анализ композитов-наречий, их типологическая характеристика, выявление наиболее продуктивных моделей. Ком­плексный подход к исследуемому материалу обусловил необходимость использования таких методов, как: описательный, сравнительно-сопоставительный, компонент­ный, статистический. В ходе исследования выявлены основные словообразователь­ные модели композитов-наречий в дигорском диалекте; проведен частеречный ана­лиз компонентов композитов-наречий; определена типология отношений между компонентами с учетом степени продуктивности. Derivatives make up a significant part of the lexical composition of any language, in view of this, word formation acquires special significance in the nominative activity of a person. Comprehensive and multifaceted study of the word-formation system of languages and their dialects is one of the most pressing problems in modern linguistics. This research is devoted to one of the most productive ways of word formation - word composition (compositing) in the Digor dialect of the Ossetian language. There are a number of scientific works on this problem, but they cover only certain derivational types, types and models; a comprehensive study of composite word formation in the Digor dialect has not been carried out. It should be emphasized that word composition manifests itself in different ways in different parts of speech. Features are observed both in the nature of the connection between the components, and in the different productivity of the types of additions themselves and different lexical and grammatical classes of words. A separate study of word formation for each part of speech makes it possible to highlight all the methods and all the means inherent in this part of speech. The study of word-formation types of new words, their appearance as a result of various interactions with other word-formation types can give an idea of what tendencies are manifested in the modern word-formation system of the language. In accordance with this, the main goal of the work is the structural and semantic analysis of composites-adverbs, their typological characteristics, and the identification of the most productive models. An integrated approach to the material under study necessitated the use of methods such as: descriptive, comparative, component, statistical. In the course of the research, the main derivational models of composites-adverbs in the Digor dialect were revealed; a part-of-speech analysis of the components of adverb composites was carried out; defined a typology of relationships between components, taking into account the degree of productivity.

scholarly journals PROSES MORFOLOGIS BAHASA ALAY (MORPHOLOGICAL PROCESSES OF ALAY LANGUAGE)

JALABAHASA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Dian Khristiyanti
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
New Words ◽  
Morphological Processes ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

Bahasa merupakan alat untuk berkomunikasi yang bersifat arbitrer. Komunitas alay atau anak layangan menggunakan bahasa alay untuk berkomunikasi di kalangan mereka. Kosakata alay berasal dari bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Inggris yang mereka modifi kasi sehingga terbentuklah kata baru. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dan bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses pembentukan kata bahasa alay. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, proses morfologis pada bahasa alay adalah singkatan dan akronim, perubahan sebagian vokal dan konsonan, pembalikan susunan fonem, dan pengacuan makna.ABSTRACT Language is a tool for communicating. A language is arbitrary. Alay community using alay language to communicate among them. Alay vocabulary derived from Indonesian and English that they were modifi ed, forming new words. This research uses descriptive method and aims to determine the process of word formation Alay language. Based on the results of the study, morphological processes in language Alay are abbreviations and acronyms, changes in some vowels and consonants, the reversal of the arrangement of phonemes, and that the reference meaning.  

FEATURES OF WORD FORMATION IN CONTEMPORARY MASS MEDIA TEXTS (IN RUSSIAN AND CROATIAN LANGUAGE)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Radčenko
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
New Words ◽  
Conventional Methods ◽  
Media Texts ◽  
Formation System

The article analyses features of word formation in contemporary Russian and Croatian mass media texts. Active types, models and morphemes of word formation system used in both languages are determined. A comparative analysis of the ways of forming new words shows that occasionalisms in both languages can be created by conventional methods, such as affixation and composition or by non-conventional ways of word formation (contamination, derivation according to a specific pattern, graphoderivation).

scholarly journals Twitterverse: The birth of new words

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Olga Klymenko
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Related Word ◽  
Social Connection ◽  
Breeding Ground ◽  
New Words ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Labelling Function ◽  
Powerful Mechanism ◽  
The Way

New words are continuously being coined on Twitter, which is regarded as a means of creating and distributing new words, concepts and ideas. Our research focuses on the way Twitter’s apt naming has become one of the richest sources of brand-related word-formation. The current study has identified various productive patterns of new Twitter word-formation, such as affixation, compounding, blending, abbreviation and the powerful mechanism of lexical analogy. We have also identified the most common models used in coining new units of each type. The creation of new Twitter words has various functions and effects: establishing a closer social connection; jocular/mocking function; novelty and originality; desire to follow fashion; and denominative/labelling function. We conclude that in the era of an ever-growing amount of data, the popularity of Twitter has become a breeding ground for new brand-related words that have enriched the modern English vocabulary.

scholarly journals PENGAYAAN BAHASA INDONESIA MELALUI ISTILAH BARU TERKAIT COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Merry Lapasau
Keyword(s):  
Research Data ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Distribution Method ◽  
Online Newspapers ◽  
New Words ◽  
Unique Word ◽  
Research Objects ◽  
Natural Characteristics ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

The present study aims to analyze new word formations in Indonesian related to COVID-19 and identify its function in online newspapers. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach by adapting generative morphological theories as the framework. The research objects are 32 new word formations found in various texts in online newspapers in Indonesia collected between April 2020 to August 2020. The data were analyzed using the top-down technique distribution method. This method uses a determinant in the language element itself, namely the data selection technique based on specific categories in terms of grammarism in accordance with the natural characteristics of the research data. The study shows that the new word formation in modern Indonesian related to COVID-19 can be obtained by coining roots, compounding, abbreviation, and acronym. Those unique word formations are originated primarily from Indonesian and English. The function of its usage is mainly referential (abbreviation and acronym) and expressive (roots and compounding). We create new words to fulfill the designation needs of new issues that appear in society. Furthermore, the development in society, especially in coping with global health issues, has also contributed to the enrichment of Indonesian vocabulary.

scholarly journals Lingo-Didactic Potential Derivation Syntagmatics in Russian Language

2018 ◽  
pp. 166-169
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
New Words ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Categorical Models ◽  
The Subject ◽  
System Properties ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Formation System

The article deals with the specificity of syntagmatic relations in the word-formation system of the Russian language. The subject of the study is the typical derivational chains and their part-of-speech patterns as a methodologically relevant means of teaching the language. The aim of the work is to reveal and describe the linguodidactic potential of word-forming syntagmatics in the Russian language, reflected in simple and complex (typical) units of the word-formation system. It has been established that the typology of derivational chains reflects the hierarchy inherent in the units of the word-formation system. Typical chains are correlated with categorical models – the units of a higher level of abstraction, taking into account the partial status of derivatives. Different types of combinations on the basis of the similarity of structure and semantics are characteristic of these units. Their regularity and reproducibility in the Russian language demonstrates the degree of word-formative productivity of various parts of speech. The typical derivational chains allow the teacher to demonstrate the system properties of lexical units, which is important for the formation of linguistic competence. The comprehension of the laws of Russian word-formation makes it possible to reduce the number of words necessary to memorize and thus creates the prerequisites for the potential enrichment of vocabulary. The study of parts of speech within the framework of typical derivational chain, namely by the sequential introduction of cognate words into the active vocabulary of students, promotes the realization of the principle of continuity of learning – from word formation to morphology and syntax, which ultimately leads to the learning of new words.

The Beginnings of Islam in Afghanistan

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arezou Azad
Keyword(s):  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Political System ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
Religious Context ◽  
Early Islam ◽  
History Of ◽  
Initial Conversion ◽  
The Way

Covering the period from 709 to 871, this chapter traces the initial conversion of Afghanistan from Zoroastrianism and Buddhism to Islam. Highlighting the differential developments in four regions of Afghanistan, it discusses the very earliest history of Afghan Islam both as a religion and as a political system in the form of a caliphate.  The chapter draws on under-utilized sources, such as fourth to eighth century Bactrian documents from Tukharistan and medieval Arabic and Persian histories of Balkh, Herat and Sistan. In so doing, it offers a paradigm shift in the way early Islam is understood by arguing that it did not arrive in Afghanistan as a finished product, but instead grew out of Afghanistan’s multi-religious context. Through fusions with Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, early Abrahamic traditions, and local cult practices, the Islam that resulted was less an Arab Islam that was imported wholesale than a patchwork of various cultural practices.

TO THE QUESTION ABOUT SPECIAL TYPE OF OCCASIONAL WORDS IN RUSSIAN

2019 ◽  
pp. 305-307
Author(s):  
N.N. Zaitseva
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Basic Part ◽  
New Words ◽  
Language System ◽  
Informal Conversation ◽  
Mobile Part

The lexical level is the most mobile part of the language system. This mobility is in many respects caused by word-formation mechanisms. In live informal conversation the process of occurrence of new words is continuous and active. The basic part of new words is created according to productive models. The share of occasional ways in word-formation is less. However, it grows, as the occasional way in itself is more expressive and more emphatic. In the work we will pay attention to the words created by means of one of the ways of occasional word-formation.

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