scholarly journals Semantic adaptations of the Arabic loanwords in the Indonesian language

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Ali Ahmed Julul ◽  
Nabilah Myrrha Rahmawati ◽  
Deny Arnos Kwary ◽  
Ni Wayan Sartini
Keyword(s):  
Arabic Language ◽  
New Words ◽  
Loan Words ◽  
Cultural Concepts ◽  
Semantic Adaptation ◽  
Five Senses ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia ◽  
The Way

This paper investigates the adaptation of Arabic loanwords in the Indonesian language semantically. The data were taken from Kamus Basar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) fifth edition. 1,870 words are listed in the KBBI as Arabic loan words. The definitions of these words were compared with their original Arabic definitions found in Almaany Arabic dictionary (2019) to determine the semantic adaptations. The analysis shows that most of the Arabic loanwords in the Indonesian language have retained the same meanings as their originals in the Arabic language. However, there have been semantic adaptations in which eighteen words have been narrowed, nine words have been extended, and seven words have gone through the shifting process. The narrowing was due to absorbing of only one meaning of a word that had many meanings in Arabic ,  borrowing the old meanings of the words that have been extended recently due to the advent of technology, filling any existing gap or borrowing of new words along with cultural concepts. The extending was due to overgeneralizing some Arabic affixes and forms ,leaving one form of a word to represent the meanings of the others or assigning names to things by the way people perceive them by their five senses . The shifting occurred mainly because of borrowing of new words along with cultural concepts, assigning names to things by the way they are perceived by the five senses or overgeneralizing of forms that occurred in Arabic loanwords.It is hoped that the findings of this study will be useful to researchers interested in semantic adaptation of loanwords.

scholarly journals SHIFTING THE SYSTEM OF INDONESIAN WORD FORMATION; THE STUDY ON MORPHOLOGY AND SOCIOLINGUISTICS OF ACRONYMS, BLENDING, AND CLIPPING

Humanus ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
M Zaim
Keyword(s):  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Language Shift ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
New Words ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Formation System ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia ◽  
The Way

The general guidelines of Indonesian word formation as annexed in appendix II of the reference standard of the Indonesian Grammar has not yet accommodated the Indonesian word formation system used by the Indonesian speakers today. Meanwhile, a new system of word formation began to emerge and the old paradigm shift in conjunction with the development of science and technology, and the change of social, cultural, and political paradigm. As a result, the reference standard of Indonesian grammar is no longer adequate to understand the system of the formation of the new words. Morphological studies, which analyze the internal structure of the words can be used as a theoretical foundation to address the issues of the Indonesian word formation. From the other side, sociolinguistic studies, which analyze the link of language with the language speakers in the community, can give meaning to the word formation shift. This article discusses (1) the morphological shift of the Indonesian word formation system of acronyms, blending, and clipping, (2) the sociolinguistic functions of the word formation, and (3) the productivity of the word formation system. The study of the shift of word formation system revealed a shift in the way of thinking and the way of looking at social, cultural, and political problems of the Indonesian speakers nowadays. Keywords: word formation, language shift, morphology, sociolinguistics, blending, clipping, acronymPERGESERAN SISTIM PEMBENTUKAN KATA BAHASA INDONESIA:KAJIAN MORFOLOGIS DAN SOSIOLINGUISTIK AKRONIM, BLENDING, DAN KLIPING AbstrakPedoman umum pembentukan kata Bahasa Indonesia pada Lampiran II Tata Bahasa Baku Bahasa Indonesia belum mengakomodasi sistem pembentukan kata Bahasa Indonesia yang digunakan oleh penutur Indonesia saat ini. Sementara itu, sistem pembentukan kata baru mulai bermunculan menggeser paradigma lama bersamaan dengan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi, serta perubahan paradigma sosial, budaya, dan politik. Akibatnya, standar acuan tata bahasa Indonesia sudah tidak memadai lagi untuk memahami sistem pembentukan kata baru. Kajian morfologi, yang menganalisa struktur internal kata dapat dijadikan landasan teoritis untuk mengatasi permasalahan pembentukan kata bahasa Indonesia. Dari sisi lain, kajian sosiolinguistik, yang menganalisa hubungan bahasa dengan penutur bahasa di masyarakat, bisa memberi makna pada pergeseran pembentukan kata ini. Artikel ini membahas (1) pergeseran morfologis sistem pembentukan kata dalam bahasa Indonesia pada bentuk akronim, blending, dan kliping, (2) fungsi sosiolinguistik dari pembentukan kata, dan (3) produktivitas sistem pembentukan kata. Kajian tentang pergeseran sistem pembentukan kata mengungkapkan adanya pergeseran cara berpikir dan cara melihat masalah sosial, budaya, dan politik para penutur Bahasa Indonesia saat ini.Kata kunci: pembentukan kata, pergeseran bahasa, morfologi, sosiolinguistik, blending, kliping, akronim

scholarly journals تطوّر معناه في الدراسة العربية

Al-Ma rifah ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 37-51
Author(s):  
Fazlur Rachman
Keyword(s):  
Arabic Language ◽  
New Words ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Way

Qiyas (Analogy) is considered as one of the important methods in which Arabic is developed in the early centuries. It serves as the base or source of the new words or structures which are not found earlier in Arabs daily speeches. The scholars utilized it as a tool to separate the authentic ones of Arab words from many of those had been witnessed only by few. Qiyas across the ages has evolved in stages. The practice of Qiyas by early scholars does not mean the same by the late ones. This research attempts to reveal the nature of Qiyas; its definitions, stages of its development and its importance in the development of the Arabic language. This research is descriptive analytical research which the researcher tries to describe the definition of qiyas among Arabic scholars across the ages and the evolution of its meaning and the way scholars use it in their linguistic explanations in developing of linguistic subjects.

scholarly journals A-7 Discussions of Morphology and Derivations in Al Tafseer ‎Al Muhammdi by Shaikh Hasan Ibn Ahmad Al Gujarati

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-93
Author(s):  
Hafiz Muhammad Altaf ◽  
Khaliq Dad Mailik
Keyword(s):  
Arabic Language ◽  
Technical Skill ◽  
New Words ◽  
Holy Quran ◽  
The Holy Quran ◽  
Root Word

Morphology is a salient lingual skill that improves the vocabulary of ‎learners and students; especially in Arabic language it teaches a very technical skill ‎to make new words from one root word. With the help of it a ‎student and a learner can easily know the mutual connection of two or more words ‎according to root word. Due to this significance, Muafassireen emphasized upon Morphology in their documentaries of the Holy Quran. Keeping it in view, Sheikh Hasan bin Ahmad discussed ‎many words in the light of morphology and derivation. In this research we present some examples of Morphological uses from his Tafseer. Furthermore, we will analyze and criticize those words and provide references. This work is an evidence of great and appreciable contribution of our ‎ancestors in Arabic studies.

scholarly journals التعريب وأثره في تعليم اللغة العربية لغير الناطقين بها

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zaenuri
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
New Words ◽  
Arabic Linguistics

AbstractThis paper aims to explain ta’rib which is a term from Arabic linguistics. In addition, this paper will also explain how the implications of learning about learning Arabic for non-Arabic learners. Ta'rib is the absorption of new words and terms from non-Arabic languages to Arabic by changing their pronunciation to follow patterns and rules in Arabic. Ta'rib can be done in two ways, first forming a new term to replace foreign terms, the two using foreign languages with Arabic patterns that are in accordance with the stipulated conditions. The implication ta’rib of learning Arabic for learners from outside the Arab world includes 1) giving mufradatfusha before the mufradat ‘amiyyah; 2) emphasize students to use Arabic fusha; 3) emphasize students to look for a translation in the dictionary before absorbing it directly; 4) introducing examples of foreign vocabulary that do not have equivalents in Arabic; 5) explain the provisions that apply to the owner ta’rib before Arabic language learning takes place; 6) emphasizes on students to pay attention to the rules of writing Latin letters that do not have equivalents in Arabic.

scholarly journals KLASIFIKASI KESALAHAN DAN HAMBATAN PENGGUNAAN BAHASA INDONESIA SEBAGAI BAHASA AKADEMIK PADA MAHASISWA FTK UIN MATARAM

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-87
Author(s):  
Sultan Sultan ◽  
Dwi Yulianingsih
Keyword(s):  
Language Education ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Education Department ◽  
Linguistic Barriers ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Word Selection ◽  
Writing Errors ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

This study aims to (1) classify errors in the use of Indonesianlanguage which include the use of spelling and punctuation, word selection,sentence composition, paragraph preparation in the scientific work of FTKUIN Mataram students; (2) describe the obstacles and solutions for the useof Indonesian in writing scientific papers among students of UIN Mataram.This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach that is supported by verbaldata writing. Data collection in research uses documentation and interviews.The documentation was taken from the fifth semester students’ scientificwork of the Arabic Language Education Department. The results showedthat the errors in the use of Indonesian language of FTK UIN Mataramstudents included 35% letter writing errors, 45% writing punctuation errors,25% word selection errors, and 20% sentence writing mistakes. The obstaclesin the use of Indonesian in the scientific work of students of the Faculty ofEngineering UIN Mataram are language barriers and non-language barriers.Language barriers in the form of not mastering Indonesian languagerules correctly, and non-linguistic barriers include lack of practice andhabituation, control of the results of writing scientific papers for studentsof the Faculty of Engineering UIN Mataram. The solution that can bedone is to get used to the use of Indonesian language based on languagerules, coaching by lecturers through mentoring writing scientific papers.   Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengklasifikasikan kesalahanpenggunaan bahasa Indonesia yang meliputi pengguanaan ejaan dan tandabaca, pemilihan kata, penyusunan kalimat, penyusunan paragraf dalamkarya ilmiah mahasiswa FTK UIN Mataram; (2) mendeskripsikan hambatandan solusi penggunaan bahasa Indonesia dalam penulisan karya ilmiah dikalangan Mahasiswa FTK UIN Mataram. Penelitian ini menggunakanpendekatan kualitatif deskriptif yang didukung dengan data verbal tulisan.Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian menggunakan dokumentasi danwawancara. Dokumentasi diambil dari karya ilmiah mahasiswa semesterV Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Arab. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwakesalahan penggunaan bahasa Indonesia mahasiswa FTK UIN Mataram meliputi kesalahan penulisan huruf 35%, kesalahan penulisan tanda baca45%, kesalahan dalam pemilihan kata 25%, dan kesalahan dalam penyusunankalimat 20%. Adapun hambatan dalam penggunaan bahasa Indonesia dalamkarya ilmiah mahasiswa FTK UIN Mataram adalah hambatan kebahasaandan hambatan non-kebahasaan. Hambatan kebahasaan berupa kurangmenguasai kaidah bahasa Indonesia dengan benar, dan hambatan nonkebahasaanmeliputi kurangnya latihan dan pembiasaan, pengontrolanterhadap hasil menulis karya ilmiah bagi mahasiswa FTK UIN Mataram.Adapun solusi yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan pembiasaan penggunaanbahasa Indonesia berdasarkan kaidah kebahasaan, pembinaan oleh dosenmelalui pendampingan penulisan karya tulis ilmiah.

scholarly journals Symbolic Geographies and the Politics of Hungarian Identity in the ‘Populist-Urbanist Debate,’ 1925-44

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 177-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S. Esbenshade
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Mental Maps ◽  
World War ◽  
Jewish Origin ◽  
Cultural Concepts ◽  
The Way

This article examines intellectuals’ debates about national identity in interwar and World War II Hungary to uncover their connection to underlying “symbolic geographies” and “mental maps.” Focusing on the way in which Hungarian identity and history have been informed by, and indeed inserted into, virtual spatial rubrics that rely on the historically developed cultural concepts of “Europe” and “Asia,” and “West” and “East,” the paper looks in particular at the “populist-urbanist debate” that raged between two groups of writers, both opposed to the ruling neo-feudal order. The populists were composed mostly of provincial-born intellectuals who saw the recognition and uplift of the peasant as the key to Hungary’s salvation. The urbanists were cosmopolitan intellectuals, mostly of assimilated Jewish origin, who saw the wholesale adoption of progressive Western rights and norms as the only way forward.

scholarly journals Lârandali Shânî’s Avâmilin Verse

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-376
Author(s):  
İdris Söylemez
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Conversion To Islam ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Way

With the spread of Islam among communities belonging to different languages and cultures, it has become essential for Muslims to learn the language of Islamic sources. Some scholars, who were aware of this situation, have tried to close the gap in the field by producing works on the language and grammar of Arabic since the first period of their conversion to Islam. One of these works is al-Avamilu'l-Mi'e, which was written by ‘Abd al-Kâhir al-Jurjânî (d. 471/1078), an Iranian-origin Arabic language scholar. Since the first period, a lot of work has been done on this work in prose or verse in the form of translation and commentary in different languages, especially Arabic, Persian and Turkish. The first of these works awâmil, written by Muhammad b. Hishâm Hirawî (d. 737/1337). It is composed in a Persian verse in 30 couplets. Since the 10th century in the Anatolian, many studies have been carried out, especially in prose, in the field where Turkish is spoken. Especially, studies on different subjects and forms carried out in the Anatolian field since the 19th century attract attention. One of the poets who continued this verse tradition, which started with Birgiwi (d.981/1573), was one of the poets of the 19th century, LârandaliShânî. This work was aconcise translation of Awamil-I Jurjaniby Shâni. I also examine the way in which Shanî deals with the awamil in it and introduce the work in terms of its form and content as well as present the work’s transcription.

scholarly journals ENGLISH BORROWINGS IN COVID-19 PANDEMIC

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (02) ◽  
pp. 17-30
Author(s):  
Abdulloh Abdulloh ◽  
Sarsono Sarsono ◽  
Ikhwan Muslim
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Creation Process ◽  
Loan Words ◽  
Modern Language ◽  
Medical And Healthcare ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

This study describes English borrowing or loan words during COVID-19 pandemic  frequently used by public and absorped by Indonesian. Some words mostly from medical and healthcare terms, but many of them are from  daily, practical, social life  terms. People don’t realize that they use many unfamiliar words and phrases when they communicate in Indonesian. Those words are English borrowings. The aims of the study are ; (1) to investigate some English borrowing words or phrases, (2) to describe the borrowing process from English into Indonesian. The Qualitative Decriptive Analysis Method used in analysing English  borrowings . Obtains  95 English words taken then classified into the process of borrowings. 56 words from 95 words or 58,95 % already available in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI), 39 words or 41,05% is not listed in KBBI or signed with n.a or  not available. In the borrowing process obtains 34 words or 35,7% as adoption  , 45 words or 47,3% as adaptation , 14 words or 14,7 % as translation, and the rest is 2 words or 2,1 % as creation process. The  result shows that English borrowings absorped by Indonesian through both adoption and adaptation are  quite significant, total both is 83%. It means that Indonesian is quite  open language to foreign languages. This fact also shows that Indonesian is a dynamic, up to date, and modern language.

4. Sensation

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-75
Author(s):  
Jamie A. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Sensory System ◽  
Physiological Process ◽  
Sensing System ◽  
Five Senses ◽  
The Brain ◽  
The Way

This chapter examines sensation, which is a catch-all term for monitoring any state and feeding it into a physiological process. When people talk of their ‘senses’ they usually mean the five senses by which they consciously monitor features of the outside world. These senses—vision, hearing, smell, taste, and touch—provide rich flows of information and most make use of specialized organs. In all five cases, the sensory system combines two functions: measurement of a stimulus and encoding it in a way that can be transmitted via a nerve into the brain. In addition, the brain may signal back to the sensing system to modulate the way that it works.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document