scholarly journals Cartographic atlas of frequency variation for 45 pharmacogenetic markers in populations of Russia and its neighbor states

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
EV Balanovska ◽  
VS Petrushenko ◽  
SM Koshel ◽  
EA Pocheshkhova ◽  
DK Chernevskiy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Frequency ◽  
Frequency Variation ◽  
Clinal Variation ◽  
Treatment Algorithms ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
North Eurasia ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Pattern Of Variation ◽  
Gradient Change

The lack of information about the frequency of pharmacogenetic markers in Russia impedes the adoption of personalized treatment algorithms originally developed for West European populations. The aim of this paper was to study the distribution of some clinically significant pharmacogenetic markers across Russia. A total of 45 pharmacogenetic markers were selected from a few population genetic datasets, including ADME, drug target and hemostasis-controlling genes. The total number of donors genotyped for these markers was 2,197. The frequencies of these markers were determined for 50 different populations, comprised of 137 ethnic and subethnic groups. A comprehensive pharmacogenetic atlas was created, i.e. a systematic collection of gene geographic maps of frequency variation for 45 pharmacogenetic DNA markers in Russia and its neighbor states. The maps revealed 3 patterns of geographic variation. Clinal variation (a gradient change in frequency along the East-West axis) is observed in the pharmacogenetic markers that follow the main pattern of variation for North Eurasia (13% of the maps). Uniform distribution singles out a group of markers that occur at average frequency in most Russian regions (27% of the maps). Focal variation is observed in the markers that are specific to a certain group of populations and are absent in other regions (60% of the maps). The atlas reveals that the average frequency of the marker and its frequency in individual populations do not indicate the type of its distribution in Russia: a gene geographic map is needed to uncover the pattern of its variation.

Analysis of the interventions in antineoplastic therapy by a clinical pharmacy service at a tertiary hospital in Brazil

2021 ◽  
pp. 107815522110176
Author(s):  
Camile da Rocha ◽  
Juliane Carlotto ◽  
Jose Zanis Neto
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Antineoplastic Therapy ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Clinical Pharmacy ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Clinical Pharmacy Service ◽  
Drug Related Problems ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions

Background Medication errors are avoidable occurrences that can assume clinically significant dimensions and impose relevant costs to the health system, especially in the context of antineoplastic therapy. Objective Assess the clinical significance and economic impacts of a clinical pharmaceutical service. This retrospective study consists of an analysis of pharmacy interventions and drug-related problems found in a review of electronic prescriptions referring to antineoplastic therapy of a public teaching tertiary hospital in Brazil. Method Retrospective descriptive study obtained from electronic records of drug-related problems and pharmaceutical interventions related to antineoplastic therapy for oncological and hematological diseases, obtained through the pharmacotherapy review service. The accepted interventions were analyzed for the financial impact generated, evaluating your direct costs. The perception of clinical significance of a random sample of interventions was ascertained by the experts' opinion, using the Delphi method. Results The most frequent problem was a “lack of information to professionals” (25.06%), “problems as to the frequency and interval of doses” (22.90%), and “medication underdosing” (16.20%). Dose adjustment (31.50%) and clarifications (30.90%) were the most frequent pharmaceutical interventions. In the second round of Delphi, experts rated 77.77% of interventions as extremely significant and very significant. The main drugs reported in the interventions were cyclophosphamide, carboplatin, methotrexate, folinic acid, and monoclonal antibodies. The savings amounted to US$1,193,970.18 and involved mainly bortezomib, dactinomycin, and monoclonal antibodies. Conclusion Clinical pharmacy services contributed to the rational use of medicines presenting clinical significance and avoiding waste of financial resources.

Clinal Variation in the Common Brown Butterfly Heteronympha merope merope (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae)

1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 631 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Pearse ◽  
ND Murray
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Random Processes ◽  
Adaptive Significance ◽  
Clinal Variation ◽  
Wing Pattern ◽  
The Common ◽  
Interpopulation Variation ◽  
Pattern Of Variation ◽  
East West

Analyses of variation in seven wing pattern characters in H. merope merope females, from 22 sites throughout the range of the subspecies, show that the variation generally has a substantial genetic component. All characters exhibit significant interpopulation variation and one character (S) shows an obvious clinal pattern in a north-south direction. Variation in the total wing phenotype was examined by a multivariate principal component analysis. The first two principal components identified also show a clinal pattern: a north-south cline in component 1 and an east-west cline in component 2. Variation in component 1 is significantly associated with winter humidity and that in the second with yearly rainfall. Because the components cannot be identified simply as size, shape or colour vectors the possible adaptive significance of the results is not clear, although there is some indirect evidence that the pattern of variation is due to natural selection rather than random processes.

A Temperature-Stable Low-Power Wide-Range CMOS Voltage Controlled Oscillator Design for Biomedical Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (08) ◽  
pp. 2050128
Author(s):  
Zied Sakka ◽  
Nadia Gargouri ◽  
Mounir Samet
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Cmos Technology ◽  
Average Frequency ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Ring Oscillator ◽  
Frequency Variation ◽  
Control Voltage ◽  
Voltage Controlled Oscillator ◽  
Wide Range

This paper presents a low power temperature compensated CMOS ring oscillator for biomedical applications across a wide temperature range. The proposed circuit deploys an IPTAT (inversely proportional to absolute temperature) bias current by generating an adaptive control voltage in each stage of the oscillator to compensate the overall oscillator’s temperature coefficient (TC). Simulations using TSMC 0.18[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m CMOS technology show that this configuration can achieve a frequency variation less than 0.25%, leading to an average frequency drift of 20.83[Formula: see text]ppm/∘C. Monte Carlo simulations have also been performed and demonstrate a 3[Formula: see text] deviation of about 2.15%. The power dissipated by the proposed circuit is only 8.48[Formula: see text]mW at 25∘C.

Stone Axes as a Guide to Neolithic Communications and Boundaries in England and Wales

1980 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 45-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Cummins
Keyword(s):  
Average Frequency ◽  
Frequency Variation ◽  
Group Viii ◽  
Lake District ◽  
The South ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
The North ◽  
South West ◽  
Group I

Six of the twenty-five British implement petrology groups (Clough and Cummins 1979, 127)—Group I (Penzance, Cornwall), Group IV (Callington, Cornwall), Group VI (Langdale, Lake District), Group VII (Penmaenmawr, North Wales), Group VIII (South-west Wales), and Group XVI (Camborne, Cornwall)—account for almost half of all the stone axes so far examined from England and Wales. In every part for the country, one or other of these six is the most abundant individual group. On the basis of stone axe distribution studies (Cummins 1979), the country seems to fall naturally into three major provinces (fig. 1), which might possibly be interpreted as Neolithic tribal territories. Northern and Central England, the largest of these provinces, is dominated by Group VI axes which, though originating in the Lake District, seem to have been distributed from a secondary centre in Humberside. Wales, including Herefordshire and part of Shropshire, forms another province and is dominated by Welsh axes, Group VII in the north, and Group VIII in the south. Southern England, the third province, is dominated by Cornish ‘greenstone’ axes, mainly Group I but locally, in the south-west, Groups IV and XVI.Cumulative percentages of all axes belonging to each group plotted against distance from its distribution centre (Cummins 1979, figs. 4–9) give an indication of absolute frequency variation in relation to that centre. The shape of the plots is controlled by two variables, (i) the cumulative increase of area with distance from the centre, and (ii) the variation in average frequency of the grouped axes (per unit area) with distance from the centre.

scholarly journals Utilization of Outpatient Eye Care Services in Taiwan: A Nationwide Population Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Chia-An Hsu ◽  
Sheng-Huang Hsiao ◽  
Min-Huei Hsu ◽  
Ju-Chuan Yen
Keyword(s):  
Screening Program ◽  
Average Frequency ◽  
Frequency Variation ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Disease Category ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Dominant Disease ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Development And Aging

Introduction. A study based on the Taiwanese National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) to reveal the ocular diseases landscape. Materials and Methods. This study comprised all ophthalmological outpatient patient visits (n = 6,341,266) in the Taiwanese longitudinal NHIRD 2000. Descriptive analytics based on 15 disease categories of ICD-9-CM and 10 tiers of age categories was performed with SAS for Windows 9.3 (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, U.S.A.). Results. The average frequency of visits was 0.7 visits per year. The mean age was 36.2 years old. Bimodal peak of visits in the first, second, and eighth decade of life was revealed. Conjunctiva is the most dominant disease category throughout life while different categories play major roles in each decade of life. The most frequent disease code of each category was listed. Discussion. The bimodal peak of visits revealed the age group of the most prominent ocular disease burden. Peak in school age population can be partially explained by the nationwide vision screening program, while aging accounts for the lens disorder and glaucoma of the senile peak. The disease category frequency variation among age categories reflects the development and aging of the eye. The most frequent disease codes of each category highlight disease of importance for primary practitioners and ophthalmologists. Conclusion. Taiwanese longitudinal NHIRD was used to reveal the ophthalmological disease landscape. The epidemiological insight, while limited in clinical presentation and economic impact, enables physicians and policy makers to improve the overall vision health of the population.

scholarly journals Increasing frequency stability of HF signals in the transmitting device of the localiser based on statistical estimation of phases

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
D. D. Gabrielyan ◽  
P. I. Kostenko ◽  
O. A. Safaryan
Keyword(s):  
Phase Synchronization ◽  
Average Frequency ◽  
Frequency Stability ◽  
Frequency Stabilization ◽  
Parameters Estimation ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Frequency Variation ◽  
Measurement Interval ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Statistical Frequency

The article based on the method of statistical frequency stabilization deals with the issues of increasing frequency stability and synchronization of the forming HF signals in a transmitting device of a localizer using a multichannel variant of construction. It was demonstrated that the available digital unit of frequency and phase correction allows easy application of the proposed method. Two main features of the localizer operation affecting frequency stability and phase synchronization of HF signals are noted. The first factor is determined by deviation of the present -HF signal frequency (on the measurement interval) from the average (i) frequency value in n-channel. The second one is related to average frequency variation of each of the forming HF signals and its deviation within the (i) value from the nominal value during localizer operation. On the basis of HF signals description in channels of the transmitting device of a localizer ratios are obtained determining optimal values in terms of the method of least square method as (i) deviations of the present frequency values from the average value as well as variations of average frequency values during localizer operation. The article considers the most significant, from an applicatory point of view, case of assessment covering only deviations of the present HF signals frequency values from the average value on the measurement interval. It is shown that application of the method of statistical frequency stabilization allows the transmitting device of a localizer including N channels of HF signals formation to increase frequency stability and HF signals phase synchronization times. That enables to improve accuracy of forming integrated and difference directivity diagrams and setting heading in the runway direction as well. Apart from that, on the basis of the received values of frequency parameters estimation and relative instability of the forming HF signals a decision can be made about the condition of the controlled parameter by the criterion STANDARD-DETERIORATION-ACCIDENT.

Leaf morphology of Claytonia virginica: racial and clinal variation

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 1469-1473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff J. Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Cycle ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Total Solar Radiation ◽  
Clinal Variation ◽  
Variation Pattern ◽  
Spring Ephemeral ◽  
Claytonia Virginica ◽  
Pattern Of Variation

Differences in average leaf length to width ratio are found to characterize the four chemical and cytological races of the geophytic spring ephemeral Claytonia virginica L. (Portulacaceae). Two races with wide leaves are mostly northern in distribution, while two other races having narrower leaves are predominantly southern. Within each race, a statistically significant north–south cline in leaf ratio is observed, mirroring the variation pattern observed for the species as a whole. Several ecological variables, including zenith angle of the sun and total solar radiation, also show north–south gradients when measured over the aboveground portion of the Claytonia virginica seasonal cycle and corrected for the time of flowering of the species at different latitudes. It is suggested that the clinal pattern of variation observed in the species has evolved in response to these environmental gradients.

scholarly journals The same but different: setal arrays of anoles and geckos indicate alternative approaches to achieving similar adhesive effectiveness

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Austin M. Garner ◽  
Michael C. Wilson ◽  
Caitlin Wright ◽  
Anthony P. Russell ◽  
Peter H. Niewiarowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Morphology ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Field Configuration ◽  
Clinal Variation ◽  
Adhesive Systems ◽  
Adhesive Pads ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Biological Adhesive ◽  
Pattern Of Variation ◽  
Adhesive Performance

AbstractThe functional morphology of squamate fibrillar adhesive systems has been extensively investigated and has indirectly and directly influenced the design of synthetic counterparts. Not surprisingly, the structure and geometry of exemplar fibrils (setae) have been the subject of the bulk of the attention in such research, although variation in setal morphology along the length of subdigital adhesive pads has been implicated in the effective functioning of these systems. Adhesive setal field configuration has been described for several geckos, but that of the convergent Anolis lizards, comprised of morphologically simpler fibrils, remains largely unexplored. Here we examine setal morphology along the proximodistal axis of the digits of Anolis equestris and compare our findings to those for a model gecko, Gekko gecko. Consistent with previous work, we found that the setae of A. equestris are generally thinner, shorter, and present at higher densities than those of G. gecko and terminate in a single spatulate tip. Contrastingly, the setae of G. gecko are hierarchically branched in structure and carry hundreds of spatulate tips. Although the splitting of contacts into multiple smaller tips is predicted to increase the adhesive performance of a fiber compared to an unbranched one, we posited that the adhesive performance of G. gecko and A. equestris would be relatively similar when the configuration of the setal fields of each was accounted for. We found that, as in geckos, setal morphology of A. equestris follows a predictable pattern along the proximodistal axis of the pad, although there are several critical differences in the configuration of the setal fields of these two groups. Most notably, the pattern of variation in setal length of A. equestris is effectively opposite to that exhibited by G. gecko. This difference in clinal variation mirrors the difference in the direction in which the setal fields of anoles and geckos are peeled from the substrate, consistent with the hypothesis that biomechanical factors are the chief determinants of these patterns of variation. Future empirical work, however, is needed to validate this. Our findings introduce Anolis lizards as an additional source of inspiration for bio-inspired design and set the stage for comparative studies investigating the functional morphology of these convergent adhesive apparatuses. Such investigations will lead to an enhanced understanding of the interactions between form, function, and environment of fibril-based biological adhesive systems.

scholarly journals Geographic pattern of morphological variation of the coconut mite, Aceria guerreronis Keifer (Acari: Eriophyidae), using multivariate morphometry

2009 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 773-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Navia ◽  
GJ. Moraes ◽  
RB. Querino
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Invasion History ◽  
Geographic Pattern ◽  
Aceria Guerreronis ◽  
Morphometric Variation ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
Coconut Mite ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Pattern Of Variation

The coconut mite, Aceria guerreronis Keifer, has become one of the most important pests of coconut in the Americas and Africa and recently in Southeast Asia. Despite the great economic importance of this mite, there is a lack of information on its origin and invasion history that are important to guide the search of biological control agents as well as the adoption of quarantine procedures. This study evaluates morphometric variation among A. guerreronis populations throughout its occurrence area, relates this variation with historical sequence of records, looking for information on its biogeography. Samples of 27 populations from the Americas, Africa and Asia were analysed using Principal Component Analysis and Canonical Discriminant Analysis. Results showed significant morphometric variability of A. uerreronis throughout its distribution area, with a high variability among American populations and otherwise a high similarity among African and Asian populations. The geographic pattern of variation of mite populations observed supports the hypothesis that A. guerreronis originated in the Americas and was introduced into Africa and Asia. Some inferences related to taxonomy of Eriophyoidea mites were included.

DIVERSIFICATION AND SECONDARY INTERGRADATION OF TWO CHRYSOPA CARNEA STRAINS (NEUROPTERA: CHRYSOPIDAE)

1973 ◽  
Vol 105 (9) ◽  
pp. 1153-1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine A. Tauber ◽  
Maurice J. Tauber
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Chrysopa Carnea ◽  
New Synonym ◽  
Geographic Populations ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Pattern Of Variation ◽  
Adult Food

AbstractAnalysis of larval and adult characters, as well as biological data from various geographic populations, indicates that Chrysopa mohave Banks and Chrysopa carnea Stephens represent two strains of a single species and C. mohave is therefore designated a new synonym of C. carnea. The carnea strain occurs allopatrically throughout eastern and midwestern North America and the mohave strain is probably indigenous to California.The pattern of variation found in larvae and adults from different populations suggests that the carnea strain was secondarily introduced into California where it interbred with the mohave strain. This hybridization resulted in genetically varied populations with predominantly carnea characteristics in California’s Central Valley. Populations of the mohave strain occur in the California foothill and coastal areas because adults of the mohave strain, unlike the carnea strain, can aestivate during the hot, dry summers when food is sparse. Summer irrigation increases the abundance of larval and adult food which the non-aestivating carnea strain needs. It appears that the native mohave strain will compete successfully only in those areas of California which are unmodified by agricultural practices.

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