Alevism-Bektashism From Seljuks to Ottomans and Safavids; A Historical Study

2018 ◽  
pp. 33-50
Author(s):  
Fahimeh Mokhber Dezfouli
Keyword(s):  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Religious Tolerance ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
History Of

Alevi-Bektashi is one of the significant orders which was formed in Anatolia in 13th AD. Haj Bektash Veli, as the founder of the order, migrated to Anatolia from the focal point of Sufism, Khorasan. Probably Haj Bektash Veli was the caliph of Baba Elyas Khorasani, who was the leader of the Baba’i uprising that shook the foundations of the Seljuks in Anatolia in the first half of the 13th century. Eventually, the Seljuks could defeat them by the Frankish forces aid. Loss of his brother in the battle was enough for Haj Bektash to avoid a new military confrontation with the Seljuks, however, followed the intellectual path of the Baba’is in the rest of his life. Many factors such as the religious beliefs of Turks in the pre-Islamic era, the prevailing Sufi thoughts in Anatolia and Christianity affected the Bektashis during their long history. The backbone of the order was the cultural and religious tolerance that found several adherents in Anatolia. In Ottoman era Bektashiya became the official order that spiritually led the Jannissaries. Alevi-Bektashi also was influenced by other streams of thoughts such as Hurufis and the shi’i propaganda of the Safavid sheikhs. This article by historical approach examine the formation of Alevi-Bektashi order and clarifies how they were influenced and then had their impact on the history of Iran and Turkey.

A Left History of Liquorice: What It Means to Write "Left" History

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan D. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Historical Study ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Special Edition ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

This article is part of a special Left History series reflecting upon changing currents and boundaries in the practice of left history, and outlining the challenges historians of the left must face in the current tumultuous political climate. This series extends a conversation first convened in a 2006 special edition of Left History (11.1), which asked the question, “what is left history?” In the updated series, contributors were asked a slightly modified question, “what does it mean to write ‘left’ history?” The article charts the impact of major political developments on the field of left history in the last decade, contending that a rising neoliberal and right-wing climate has constructed an environment inhospitable to the discipline’s survival. To remain relevant, Palmer calls for historians of the left to develop a more “open-ended and inclusive” understanding of the left and to push the boundaries of inclusion for a meaningful historical study of the left. To illustrate, Palmer provides a brief materialist history of liquorice to demonstrate the mutability of left history as a historical approach, rather than a set of traditional political concerns.

scholarly journals Al-Qur’an and Islamic Tolerant: Historical Studies

TAWASUT ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Faizin Muhith
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Religious Tolerance ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
History Of

AbstractIn his research on the history of the Holy Qur’an, the writer hasbeen able to show the dimensions of the Qur'anic Islamictolerance and how to establish the acceptance of the other, inthe most sacred of the Muslims, which is related to the words ofGod. It is through the historical approach that the researcherbegan to search until he finds the dimensions of the manydifferent Islamic tolerance aspects that appear through thehistory of the Qur'an and its mysteries. Among these aspects: thediversity and variance in the letters of the Qur’an that camedown from above the seven heavens, and the side of writing onthe types of materials available at the time, and the side of themultitude of synonyms and differences and books written in thestatement, and other dimensions and other important aspects.In summary, Muslims adhere to the principle of consultationeven in matters related to the words of God. They also adhere tothe spirit of religious tolerance that permeates Islam in generaland in the history of Qur’anic Koran in particular.Keywords: muṣḥāf; history of al-Qur’an; tolerant

scholarly journals Albania, a Wonderful Example of Coexistence and Religious Tolerance

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Evalda Jera
Keyword(s):  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Religious Tolerance ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Past ◽  
National Tradition ◽  
History Of

If we refear to the history of humanity we note that the tolerance of human society is too early, it was born togather with the man. It should be noted that religious beliefs in Albania are and has always been characterized by a strong feeling and a sincere harmony which is reflected in the relations between people with different religious beliefs, as well as between religious people and atheists. Albanians are both Christian and Muslim, Catholic, Orthodox, and Bektashi. For centuries territories populated by Albanians has been remarkable for a unique interfaith tolerance. Religion has never been in the past and is not now a source of conflict in society. In the history of the Albanian religious, communities have always succeeded with a peacefully cooperation. This tolerance stems from the awareness of the Albanians that they belong to the same nation having a strong ethnic identity regardless of external factors affecting the determination of Albanians from other religions. In the Albanian national tradition, religious tolerance is one of the main characteristics of Albanian people morality . The interest of the nation has always been primary in relation to religious matters, it is first of all beeing Albanian. Albanian as well said Pasko Vasa in the nineteenth century "never churches and mosques can separate usbecouse the religion of Albanians is Albanianhood" and so, because of this we create a big example, a wonderful cooperation, a peaceful atmosphere and open the way for peace and friendship between people not only in Albani but worldwide.

Religious Enlightenment and Awakening

2019 ◽  
pp. 37-74
Author(s):  
Andrew Kloes
Keyword(s):  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Historical Consciousness ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
The Awakening ◽  
Protestant Churches ◽  
The Bible ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Church

This chapter examines how a distinctive historical consciousness informed how awakened Protestants understood their religious beliefs and activities. An intrinsic problem that is common to the historical study of all strongly partisan movements in the history of Protestantism is understanding the mentality, or worldview, of those who desired to see religious changes. To understand the Awakening movement, there is a need to understand what the Protestant activists wanted to awaken. This chapter answers this question by considering two competing interpretations of the history of modern Protestantism that appeared within the Protestant churches of Germany before and during the Awakening. The former of these narratives perceived changes in faith and theology as signs that Christianity was progressively advancing through the providential enlightenment of the church. The latter regarded these same changes as a falling away from the forms of faith and theology that were taught by the Bible.

HISTORICAL ROOTS OF RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE IN UZBEKISTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Jummagul N. Abdurahmonova ◽  
◽  
Ulugbek K. Ismoilov
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Religious Tolerance ◽  
History Of

In the article, based on a comparative analysis on the example of the history of the peoples of Uzbekistan, the historical roots of religious tolerance, which was absorbed into the blood of the Uzbek people, are scientifically analyzed.In addition, the article examines the representatives of other non-Muslim faiths living on the territory of Uzbekistan and making up 5-6% of the country's population, and the conditions created for the unhindered exercise of their religious beliefs, the activities of religious denominations and humanism provided to them by the Uzbek people

scholarly journals History of Ossetia: Lawyer View

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
Sergey R. Chedzhemov ◽  
◽  
Ruslan M. Dzidzoev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Legal Culture ◽  
The State ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
The North ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

The article analyzes the monograph of Professor A.M. Tsaliyev “State and Law of Ossetia: A Comparative-Historical Study” published as part of the project of Professor D. J. Shhapsugov on the creation of historical essays on the development of the institutions of the state and rights of the peoples of the North Caucasus who joined Russia in the 13th century. The authors note that the study is based on the relevance and importance of regional components of the unified history of the state and the law of a multi-ethnic Russian state, which throughout its existence was not a “prison of peoples” as it is it has been considered in the recent past, I have shown the world a model of the peaceful existence of many peoples who have practiced various religious teachings. The Russian administration acted as a guarantor of peace and carried out a great creative work to raise the level of the legal culture of the country’s population.

scholarly journals Tradisi Hagiografi Sufi Yasawî: Relasi Tasawuf dan Politik

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Asmawi Asmawi
Keyword(s):  
Historical Study ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Communal Life ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
Descriptive Account ◽  
History Of ◽  
Integrative Method ◽  
Holy Man ◽  
Written Sources

<p><em>Every method and approach in Islamic Studies currently available to us has</em></p><p><em>weaknesses in looking at religious data. For that reason, efforts to find better and more</em></p><p><em>integrative method are needed. One of the approaches that might be useful for Islamic</em></p><p><em>Studies is historical approach. Sufism in the meantime, has become an important part</em></p><p><em>of the history of Islam. Nonetheless, it is only recently that Sufism–as well as its origin,</em></p><p><em>change and development- become a subject of historical study. Hagiography has also</em></p><p><em>become a new trend in the historical study of Sufism. And one of the Sufis whose</em></p><p><em>hagiography has become an important subject of study is that of Ahmad Yasafi, a Sufi of</em></p><p><em>16</em><em>th </em><em>– 17</em><em>th </em><em>century. Hagiography is a kind of written sources that narrate the life of a</em></p><p><em>supposedly holy man and the legends related to him. According to Devin Dewees, the</em></p><p><em>hagiography of Ahmad Yasawi portrays the man’s personal and communal life, his</em></p><p><em>patronage with the ruler, the rituals of his tar</em><em>î</em><em>qah, and the legends related to him and his</em></p><p><em>order. This article –using historical approach- is a descriptive account of Ahmad Yasawi’s</em></p><em>hagiography.</em>

Migration and Modernities

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Native Americans ◽  
Literary History ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Racial Categories ◽  
Geographic Boundaries ◽  
The Us ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries

Migration and Modernities recovers a comparative literary history of migration by bringing together scholars from the US and Europe to explore the connections between migrant experiences and the uneven emergence of modernity. The collection initiates transnational, transcultural and interdisciplinary conversations about migration in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, demonstrating how mobility unsettles the geographic boundaries, temporal periodization, and racial categories we often use to organize literary and historical study. Migrants are by definition liminal, and many have existed historically in the spaces between nations, regions or ethnicities. In exploring these spaces, Migration and Modernities also investigates the origins of current debates about belonging, rights, and citizenship. Its chapters traverse the globe, revealing the experiences — real or imagined — of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century migrants, from dispossessed Native Americans to soldiers in South America, Turkish refugees to Scottish settlers. They explore the aesthetic and rhetorical frameworks used to represent migrant experiences during a time when imperial expansion and technological developments made the fortunes of some migrants and made exiles out of others. These frameworks continue to influence the narratives we tell ourselves about migration today and were crucial in producing a distinctively modern subjectivity in which mobility and rootlessness have become normative.

A Short Modern History of Studying Sacrobosco’s De sphaera

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Alin Constantin Corfu
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Modern History ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
University Of Paris ◽  
The University

"A Short Modern History of Studying Sacrobosco’s De sphaera. The treatise generally known as De sphaera offered at the beginning of the 13th century a general image of the structure of the cosmos. In this paper I’m first trying to present a triple stake with which this treaty of Johannes de Sacrobosco (c. 1195 - c. 1256). This effort is intended to draw a context upon the treaty on which I will present in the second part of this paper namely, a short modern history of studying this treaty starting from the beginning of the 20th century up to this day. The first stake consists in the well-known episode of translation of the XI-XII centuries in the Latin milieu of the Greek and Arabic treaties. The treatise De sphaera taking over, assimilating and comparing some of the new translations of the texts dedicated to astronomy. The second Consists in the fact that Sacrobosco`s work can be considered a response to a need of renewal of the curriculum dedicated to astronomy at the University of Paris. And the third consists in the novelty and the need to use the De sphaera treatise in the Parisian University’s curriculum of the 13th century. Keywords: astronomy, translation, university, 13th Century, Sacrobosco, Paris, curriculum"

Apuntes para la historia de una fraseología del español americano

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-382
Author(s):  
Juan Pedro Sánchez Méndez
Keyword(s):  
Spanish Language ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
American Spanish

"Notes for the History of a Phraseology of American Spanish. This paper presents the characteristics that would define the historical Hispano-American phraseology as opposed to the European Spanish one. Phraseology is one of the areas in which the greatest variation is perceived among the different Hispanic countries. In this paper I will try to point out the main historical foundations that would explain this variation and the characteristics assumed by what we call the indian or colonial phraseology. This would be the origin of what today we can consider a phraseological Americanism, which presents some characteristics that allow establishing its historical study differentiated from the European Spanish and justifies the necessary diastematic vision of the general historical phraseology of the Spanish language. Keywords: history of American Spanish, historical Hispano-American phraseology, phraseological Americanism, Indian or colonial phraseology. "

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